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Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften最新文献

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[The role of ochronotic arthropathies in rheumatology]. 慢性关节病在风湿病学中的作用。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-09-01
R Lagier, U Steiger
{"title":"[The role of ochronotic arthropathies in rheumatology].","authors":"R Lagier,&nbsp;U Steiger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In alkaptonuric patients, cartilage, fibrocartilage and tendons are slowly impregnated by homogentisic acid. This leads to pigment deposition between and on the surface of collagen fibres (ochronosis) which hardens the tissues as in leather tanning, and can render them breakable. Ochronotic intervertebral discs show a tendency of calcification and ossification, which produces a characteristic radiological picture. Ochronotic cartilage is rather often split off in the weight bearing zones of the knee, shoulder and hip. This is followed by osteoarthrotic changes with a synovial reaction frequently leading to an osteochondromatosis. The labelling of the pigmented ochronotic cartilage thus can support a didactic demonstration of the nature of osteoarthrotic remodelling. It underlines that such remodelling consists mainly of non specific changes developing independently of the cause of the original cartilage lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 4-6","pages":"389-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11531000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Therapy of alcoholics from the viewpoint of physicians and psychotherapists]. [从医生和心理治疗师的角度看酗酒者的治疗]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
D Ladewig
{"title":"[Therapy of alcoholics from the viewpoint of physicians and psychotherapists].","authors":"D Ladewig","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the treatment of alcoholism, the medical profession takes an important position which until now has not gained the necessary appreciation. The prognosis of alcoholism is more favourable than generally assumed, especially if it is possible to early recognize patients with alcohol problems. Besides pharmaco-therapeutic possibilities it is important that doctors also consider psychotherapeutic methods, especially psychotherapeutical procedures according to ROGERS and TAUSCH, as well as various methods of behavioural modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"227-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11258850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Health education: prevention of smoking]. 【健康教育:预防吸烟】。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
S Ducommun, R L Mounoud
{"title":"[Health education: prevention of smoking].","authors":"S Ducommun,&nbsp;R L Mounoud","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the aim of primary prevention, the Health Education Service of Geneva organizes in all schools since 1970, an information campaign against the dangers of smoking! The objectives of this preventive action are to render the pupils conscient of the dangers of smoking, to draw their attention on the lures of advertisement and to permit them to make a personal opinion on the subject. This information is given in primary and secondary schools by the teachers who receive the necessary audio-visual equipment from the Health Education Service. In the higher degrees, this information is integrated in a regular health teaching program. All future teachers also receive an \"anti-smoking\" information given by doctors of our Department. We hope that this form of objective and scientific instruction in schools will minimise the effects of publicity, making the young people aware of the risks they encounter.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"119-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11659525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The effect of tobacco and alcohol on pregnancy course and child development]. [烟酒对孕期和儿童发育的影响]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
K Knörr
{"title":"[The effect of tobacco and alcohol on pregnancy course and child development].","authors":"K Knörr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoking during pregnancy may cause small-for-date babies, severeness and frequency depending on the number of cigarettes per day. Regular and heavy smoking appearently increases perinatal mortality. A similar correlation and additionally an increased rate of newborns with major abnormalities was observed when the father regularly smoked 10 and more cigarettes per day, even then when the mother was a non-smoker. The mechanism involved is unclear. Based upon present information one may favour the view that smoking of the father impairs spermiogenesis rather than \"passive\" smoking of the mother. Regular intake of liquor by the mother is well correlated with a shortened duration of pregnancy--that means an increased rate of abortion and prematurity. The consequences and responsibilities in the frame of family planning and prenatal care are discussed. The results referred to were attained mainly by a prospective study \"Course of pregnancy and child development\" supported by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"137-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11659527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Anti-smoking activities in Switzerland and their evaluation]. [瑞士的禁烟活动及其评价]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
F van der Linde, T Abelin
{"title":"[Anti-smoking activities in Switzerland and their evaluation].","authors":"F van der Linde,&nbsp;T Abelin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activities against smoking in Switzerland are planned and evaluated by the \"Swiss Interagency Council on Smoking and Health\". With special regard to the particular local situation it tries to coordinate the programs of its members (private organization as well as state authorities) in accordance with a multi-step plan (information about the effects of smoking, publicity, motivation for change of behavior, support of smoking-withdrawal programs, influencing legislation). Evaluation of anti-smoking programs so far has only been fragmentary, showing some circumstantial evidence for a trend towards non-smoking. It is planned to evaluate the impact of future programs by periodical surveys of representative samples of the adult population, monitoring knowledge of the hazards of smoking, attitudes towards smoking, motivation for change of behavior as well as the actual smoking habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"123-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11309040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Evaluation of measures to reduce cigarette consumption in Switzerland]. [对瑞士减少香烟消费措施的评价]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
R Leu
{"title":"[Evaluation of measures to reduce cigarette consumption in Switzerland].","authors":"R Leu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Policy instruments were examined to reduce cigarette consumption in Switzerland. The results can be summarised in two points: a) Tax increases and anti-smoking publicity (health education) are effective measures to reduce cigarette smoking. The effect is especially pronounced when both instruments are combined. b) The effect of a ban on advertising could not be examined for Switzerland due to lack of data. Results of studies abroad lead to the assumption that cigarette consumption can be influenced more by the tobacco tax and anti-smoking publicity than by a ban on advertising. This is by no means to say that such a ban would have no effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"245-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11661345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Alcoholism and driving ability]. [酗酒和驾驶能力]
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
J Bernheim, O Fryc
{"title":"[Alcoholism and driving ability].","authors":"J Bernheim,&nbsp;O Fryc","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Utilizing reports of expert opinions issued by the Unit of Traffic Medicine and Psychology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Geneva (908 cases between 1965 and 1977), the authors evaluate the different levels of estimates on driving ability in chronic alcoholics (46 cases). Diagnosis of chronic alcoholism is sometimes difficult. It is necessary that the medical experts get in touch with the family physician and with the neighbourhood of the patient reported. The authors demonstrate that the conclusions of these reports frequently include restrictions regarding limited driving permission or a limitation to a permit for a learner's drivers license.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"187-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11661339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Recommendations of the University Assembly of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences concerning tobacco and alcohol abuse]. [瑞士医学科学院大学大会关于烟草和酒精滥用的建议]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
{"title":"[Recommendations of the University Assembly of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences concerning tobacco and alcohol abuse].","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"261-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11661346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Tobacco, mortality and morbidity of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases--a prospective study in Paris]. [烟草、动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的死亡率和发病率——巴黎的一项前瞻性研究]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
J L Richard, P Ducimetiere, F Cambien
{"title":"[Tobacco, mortality and morbidity of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases--a prospective study in Paris].","authors":"J L Richard,&nbsp;P Ducimetiere,&nbsp;F Cambien","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Paris Prospective Study, after a 6,5 year follow-up, mortality and atherosclerotic disease incidence are studied according to the tobacco consumption measured at entry among 7746 middle-aged men in the same administrative group. Mortality is 3 times higher among smokers; the excess mortality of smokers concerns particularly cancers, especially cancers of the upper part of the digestive tube or lung cancers and coronary heart disease. The incidences of leg atherosclerosis and of hard coronary diseases increase very much with the quantity smoked and inhaled. The cigarette consumption is linked with the development of coronary diseases independently of other risk factors; it is taken into account in a five risk factor combination which gives the best estimation of individual risk of future disease. The theoretical effects of the reduction of cigarette consumption on the individual risk or on the incidence of coronary diseases are given. A multifactorial prevention with a small reduction of the level of several risk factors might reduce that incidence in the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"51-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11661348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Passive smoking]. [被动吸烟]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
E Grandjean, A Weber, T Fischer
{"title":"[Passive smoking].","authors":"E Grandjean, A Weber, T Fischer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Passive smoking is the involuntary inspiration of smoky indoor air. Based on the information available today, it may be assumed that passive smoking normally is no health hazard as far as the classical smoker's diseases (lung cancer, myocardial infarct, etc.) are concerned. Nevertheless, it is probable that irritations caused by tobacco smoke have an unfavorable influence on the health of small children and that of already sick persons. The main problem of passive smoking is annoyance due to odor and irritations of eyes and respiratory organs. Our investigations in a climatic chamber with healthy subjects show that air pollution caused by tobacco smoke as indicated by 5 ppm CO leads to marked eye irritations--objectively as well as subjectively--in 15 to 20% of the subjects. This corresponds to smoking 10 cigarettes per hour in a small room with an air ventilation rate of four times per hour. If air pollution caused by tobacco smoke lies below the level of 2 ppm CO, irritations and annoyance for healthy persons are regarded as low and tolerable. This corresponds to about four cigarettes per hour under the same circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"99-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11660320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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