Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica最新文献

{"title":"Hormonal and metabolic adaptation to a reducing regimen in children.","authors":"J Sonka,&nbsp;P Kostiuk,&nbsp;J Hilgertová,&nbsp;Z Límanová,&nbsp;V Drozdová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of a combined slimming regimen (5.2 MJ diet and a low to medium intensity motor activity) were studied in 20 moderately obese children. Blood samples were obtained on days 0, 10 and 52 of the regimen. Insulin and triacylglycerols decreased after 10 days of treatment and the reached levels were maintained up to day 52. Cortisol, T4 and T3 decreased throughout the whole regimen. Glucose and lactate first decreased, and then increased to reach initial levels. NEFA and beta-hydroxybutyrate moved opposite to glucose. The initial decrease and the terminal very high increase of growth hormone were, however, statistically not significant. The serum proteins remained unaffected. In addition to a mean loss of 9 kg, the favourable effect of the slimming regimen consisted in the decrease of insulinemia, cortisolemia and triacylglycerolemia. The unfavourable effect was seen in the decrease of T3, responsible for the decreasing weight loss in the course of slimming regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"39 1-4","pages":"33-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20286595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical screening of congenital developmental abnormalities using determination of fetoplacental antigens.","authors":"L Fialová,&nbsp;I Malbohan,&nbsp;L Mikulíková,&nbsp;Z Hájek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a prospective study of screening of maternal serum levels of alpha-1-fetoprotein (MS AFP) and trofoblast-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (MS SP1) were examined in samples from pregnant women between the 16th and 18th week of pregnancy. We detected 8 fetuses with chromosomal aberation, 8 fetuses with neural tube defects and 10 fetuses with inborn cardial defects. Our study confirms higher MS SP1 levels in women with fetuses with chromosomal aberation, while MS AFP's tendency is to decrease. When combining MS SP1 + MS AFP + age of mother (over 35), 75% of fetuses with chromosomal aberation were detected. In women with neural tube defect 75% fetuses were detected by MS AFP + MS SP1 combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"39 1-4","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20286593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged oral glucose tolerance test combined with indirect calorimetry and estimation of several substrates and hormones in obese subjects.","authors":"J Sonka,&nbsp;S Svacina,&nbsp;P Sucharda,&nbsp;J Hilgertová,&nbsp;Z Kalvach,&nbsp;Z Límanová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OGTT prolonged to 4 hours was performed in untreated 50 obese outpatients (mean age 37.9 years and BMI 37.2). Parallel to glucose, insulin, growth hormone (GH), cortisol, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and indirect calorimetry (RQ) were estimated at hourly intervals. Basal values of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), total cholesterol and triacylglycerols were also obtained. Mean glycemia after overnight fasting as well as after 75 g glucose reached upper limits of the normal range. The subsequent decrease was slower. Insulinemia followed a similar trend. The initial drop of GH after the glucose load reverted to an increase above the basal value. A similar pattern was observed with cortisolemia, but the decrease and increase were less important. The basal value of RQ was rather low and glucose ingestion produced only a small increase, followed by a greater decrease. Serum levels of NEFA and BOHB sharply decreased one hour after glucose intake and afterwards regained the initial values. The mean basal values of T4 and T3 were within the normal range--the low T3 syndrome was not involved in the large majority of cases. Cholesterol and triacylglycerols approached the upper normal limit. The correlations brought additional information. Insulinemia increased parallel with the amount of body fat. The basal level was decisive for most hormones and substrates--the high or low set level could be followed in the course of the whole test. Increased insulinemia and increased glycemia suggested the presence of a mild insulin resistance with the participation of GH and cortisol. Increased levels of fasting insulinemia and glycemia were present also in obese subjects with a normal OGTT. The correlations permitted to disclose insulin-like effects of GH on basal conditions. Increased BOHB was responsible for a high cholesterol. It is suggested that even small fluctuations of glycemia related to food intake may produce a substantial modification of the hormonal status in obese subjects and initiate or support the metabolic disorders in obesity. In this respect a greater role is ascribed to the phase of decreasing glycemia in comparison to the increasing phase. Lipids are the prevailing source of energy in insulin resistant subjects. The rather stable values of indirect calorimetry indicate that energy metabolism of obese subject works on a low, pre-set level-independently on the supply of some relevant hormones and substrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"39 1-4","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20286596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An application of neutron activation and radiotracer techniques for studying the status of sodium in the bone mineral.","authors":"N Pilecká,&nbsp;M Rakovic","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutron activation analysis of intact and water-extracted (on boiling) bone (femur) samples made it possible to determine manganese, sodium, potassium and chlorine. A major portion of sodium in contrast to potassium) was retained in the bone, which was in agreement with a well known presence of slowly exchangeable sodium in the bone. Further experiments were carried out with fragments of the femur of rabbits that were administered with the radionuclide 22Na and sacrificed after a sufficient equilibration period. Under conditions of stirring with water at a laboratory temperature, a two-exponential course of the sodium ion release was observed with half time values of 4.36 and 167 hours. An explanation is suggested that in the bone there are actually two fractions of slowly exchangeable sodium, present on the bone mineral crystal surface and bone mineral crystal interior, respectively. The experiments on the bone in vitro can help to bridge a gap between in vitro experiments on synthetic hydroxy apatite and dynamic studies based on the in vivo neutron activation analysis. Results of a complementary experiment with ashed bone samples demonstrated an almost complete abolishment of the sodium ion release, which is in perfect agreement with a known concept of the thermal recrystallization of the bone mineral.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"39 1-4","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20286597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the interpretation of \"mean +/- s\", II. Alternative questions and answers.","authors":"M Jílek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"39 1-4","pages":"9-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20286594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary trends in orthopaedics of the hip joint. 3. Steel's triple pelvic osteotomy in the treatment of arthritis of the hip joint in dysplasia of the acetabulum.","authors":"M Rejholec","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"38 1-4","pages":"35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19869075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary trends in orthopaedics of the hip joint. 1. Surgical treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint.","authors":"M Rejholec","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"38 1-4","pages":"3-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19869073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal mosaicism in prenatal diagnosis: a problem still unsolved.","authors":"S Kerber,&nbsp;K R Held","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The problems in differentiating chromosomal mosaicism from pseudomosaicism after amniocentesis and CVS are demonstrated in 6 cases. Two cases of true mosaicism (45, X/46, XX and 46, XY/47, XXY) were of clinical relevance. In both cases the aberrant cell line was less expressed in amniotic fluid cells than in fetal blood and cultivated fibroblasts. Two cases of pseudomosaicism (chromosome 2 and chromosome 10 trisomy) originated either from preexisting mutants or from in vitro mutations whereas a case of true chromosome 20 mosaicism indicated the possibility of a mosaic confined to a single fetal tissue. The problems of interpreting mosaicism after CVS is illustrated in a 45, X/46, XY case, in which the abnormal cell line was detectable only in extrembryonic tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"38 1-4","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19868953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary trends in orthopaedics of the hip joint. 2. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.","authors":"M Rejholec","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"38 1-4","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19869074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and biochemical characterization of syndromes associated with defects of the insulin receptor.","authors":"M Dreyer,&nbsp;E Seemanová,&nbsp;U Schmidt-Preuss,&nbsp;H W Rüdiger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During 3 years of collaboration we have detected 13 patients with insulin resistance syndromes among the 800 patients referred to our genetic counseling center for diagnosis during that time. It represents about 1.5% of all diagnostic problems of our genetic counseling center. Thus it seems to us that insulin receptor disorders are not as rare as previously appreciated. We describe here the clinical and biochemical findings of four of them as well as characteristics of disorders of insulin receptors. On cellular level these four patients represents the full scale of insulin receptor defects and demonstrate genetic heterogeneity of these disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"38 1-4","pages":"49-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19869076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}