Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum最新文献

{"title":"Psychosocial function before and after gastric banding surgery for morbid obesity. A prospective psychiatric study.","authors":"F Larsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>The objective of this study was to measure psychosocial functioning in morbid obese patients before and after horizontal gastric banding surgery, and to analyse the relations between the changes in psychosocial functioning and preoperative variables and degree of weight loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and three patients undergoing horizontal gastric banding surgery from 1982-85 were personally interviewed and rated by the author on DSM-III axis 1, 2 and 5, the CPRS, demographic data and precoded clinical scales. The interviews and ratings were completed in the last week before the operation. In addition the patients completed questionnaires concerning psychic symptoms (SCL-90) and quality of life. Twenty-five patients also completed the questionnaires six months before the operation. The patients were followed up after one and three years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 66 women and 24 men with a mean age of 35.4 years. Their mean preoperative weight was 121.8 kg corresponding to a Broca Index of 1.72 and a Body Mass Index of 41.5. They had a mean SCL-90/GSI score of 0.99. Fourty-one percent got a diagnosis on DSM-III axis 1 and 22% a diagnosis on axis 2. Thirty-seven percent had made at least one contact with health services before the operation due to psychiatric problems. There were no strong relations between the relative preoperative weight and any other preoperative variable. The follow-up rate was 93%. The patients had a mean weight loss of 34.9 kg after one year and 31.5 kg three years after the operation. On group level the course and outcome of psychosocial functioning was a beneficial one. These changes were highly statistically significant and evident after one year, with only slight differences to the three years follow-up. The degree of weight loss explained a modest but statistically significant part of the variance in most of the psychosocial outcome variables when the preoperative level of the variable and the preoperative weight were controlled for. The degree of psychiatric contact in the follow-up period seemed to reflect another dimension. It was not related to the changes in the other psychosocial outcome variables, nor to the degree of weight loss, but was highly correlated to the degree of preoperative psychiatric contact. A group of patients with negative psychosocial outcome was identified. This group was characterized by a higher frequency of preoperative psychiatric help-seeking, than the rest of the patients. This pattern was most evident in a subgroup of 19% of the patients, who had a negative psychosocial reaction in spite of a sufficient weight loss.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"359 ","pages":"1-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13372068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical contact experience and depression.","authors":"N Cochrane","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Out of a consideration of the relevance of interpersonal physical contact to mental health is developed the hypothesis that unsatisfactory physical contact experience predisposes to depression. This hypothesis is then systematically explored using self-ratings of depression and physical contact (and love) experience obtained on admission and at discharge from 254 unselected psychiatric in-patients. Following the demonstration of a strong association between unsatisfactory physical contact experience and depression a significant relationship is also found between depression and the experience of being not loved. These two relationships are shown to exist independently of one another and when direction of causation is investigated both unsatisfactory physical contact experience and the experience of being not loved are seen to be causal of depression rather than vice versa. Unsatisfactory physical contact experience, however, clearly has the greater utility as an indicator of depression-proneness. Different categories and different kinds of physical contact experience are explored, first in relation to depression generally and then to each of the three major forms of depressive illness. Considered too is the patterning of physical contact experience and love experience for each of these latter. The results suggest that depression generally tends to be more closely linked with stable than unstable unsatisfactory physical contact experience and with present rather than childhood such experience. In addition endogenous depression is seen to be characterised by an absence of any physical contact experience in the present, while manic-depressive psychosis combines unsatisfactory physical contact experience with the experience of being loved and shows a relative lack of exclusively bad physical contact experience in childhood. Reactive depression, however, emerges with no distinguishing features of this kind. There follows an examination of the relationships between unsatisfactory physical contact experience and those psychiatric conditions other than depression represented in the subject sample. This raises the possibility that unsatisfactory physical contact experience could also be closely linked with schizophreniform disorder and adjustment disorder. Finally it is suggested that, above all, physical contact experience may be a major determinant of the capacity to cope with stress. Unsatisfactory such experience might then be predisposing to a wide range of psychiatric disorders, with depression seen as a commonly occurring symptom of inadequate coping.</p>","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"357 ","pages":"1-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13244111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating disorders and the family. Experiences gathered in a parent support group.","authors":"K Røgeberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author is a part-taker in a parent support group at Rikshospitalet in Oslo. The members have different occupations and experiences. This article shows some of the experiences and reflections of the group concerning the subject in question.</p>","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"361 ","pages":"50-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13442122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and causality of anorexia nervosa seen in a historical perspective.","authors":"K Tolstrup","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The history of the affliction known as anorexia nervosa can be divided into two periods. Before the year 1600, this condition is described first and foremost in connection with religious life, 'holy anorexia'. From about 1600 onward and up to our own times, it has become more of medical and pathological concept, depending on and reflecting the changing directions of medical fashion somatically, psychiatrically, and socio-culturally. There seems to be increased interest at certain times, but it has not been possible to document the alleged increase in incidence in recent decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"361 ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13441509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating disorders in Norway. What do the public health services offer today--what should be offered in the future?","authors":"H Michalsen","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb10757.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb10757.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"361 ","pages":"59-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13442124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating disorders and the family. Experiences gathered in a parent support group.","authors":"K. Røgeberg","doi":"10.1111/J.1600-0447.1990.TB10755.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0447.1990.TB10755.X","url":null,"abstract":"The author is a part-taker in a parent support group at Rikshospitalet in Oslo. The members have different occupations and experiences. This article shows some of the experiences and reflections of the group concerning the subject in question.","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"99 1","pages":"50-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76905326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating disorder in a Nordic perspective. Explanatory models and therapeutic strategies. 1st Nordic Congress on Eating Disorders. Bergen, March 9-11, 1989.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"361 ","pages":"1-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13441510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual psychotherapeutic treatment of anorexia nervosa.","authors":"S Lunn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first part of this paper presents a review of the many psychiatric diagnoses and different kinds of treatment which have been used in relation to Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The difficulties in solving the enigma of AN are seen as connected with the conception of AN as a specific nosological entity. Contrary to this, AN is conceived as a specific kind of defense characterized by a splitting of the ego, where adaptation to part of reality is given up by means of denial. This less uniform conception makes it possible to encompass the personality trait common to anorectic patients as well as the differences between them. In the second part, the question of whether psychoanalytic psychotherapy is a suitable form of treatment is discussed. The partly affirmative answer is guided by the anorectic girl's own attempt towards a solution, which indicates a need for a protected, neutral, and emphatic space, where she gets the opportunity to express and develop herself. However, in many cases neither the physical nor the psychological conditions for establishing a therapeutic alliance is available. Finally, a need for modification in technique is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"361 ","pages":"23-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13441514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Perspectives on etiology and cognitive behavior therapy.","authors":"I J Støylen,&nbsp;J C Laberg","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb10756.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb10756.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article gives a brief historical introduction to the field of eating disorders. Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) are seen from a sociocultural point of view, and the current emphasis on slimness is regarded as an important factor in the etiology of eating disorders. A short description of the central features of BN is given, and some important explanatory psychological models are described with the emphasis on the cognitive-behavioral model. Recent controlled treatment studies are cited.</p>","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"361 ","pages":"52-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13442123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The treatment of depression in the 1990s--a focus on moclobemide. A symposium. Lisbon, Portugal, 9-11 March 1989. Proceedings.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"360 ","pages":"35-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13135835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}