Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement最新文献_第6页

Fetal growth impairment from smoking--is it influenced by maternal anthropometry? 吸烟对胎儿生长的损害——是否受母体人体测量的影响?

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement Pub Date : 1997-01-01

B Zarén, S Cnattingius, G Lindmark

{"title":"Fetal growth impairment from smoking--is it influenced by maternal anthropometry?","authors":"B Zarén, S Cnattingius, G Lindmark","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It has been suggested that the effect of maternal smoking on fetal growth is partly mediated through nutritional factors.Objective: To assess the effects of maternal smoking on birthweight in term pregnancies among mothers with different anthropometric stature.Design: A prospective study from early pregnancy of healthy parous women and their infants.Setting: Three Scandinavian university hospitals covering all deliveries from well defined geographic areas.Subjects: Smoking (774) and non-smoking (325) mothers, para 1 and 2 and with > 36 weeks gestational length.Main outcome measure: Birthweight.Results: Maternal age, smoking, pre-pregnancy weight, height, body mass index and pregnancy weight gain all independently influenced birthweight. Smoking mothers had significantly lower pre-pregnancy weight and lower body mass index compared to nonsmoking mothers. The negative influence of smoking on birthweight appeared to be uniformly distributed throughout all the different maternal height and weight groups.Conclusions: Birthweight was negatively related to amount cigarettes smoked per day, and no protective effect could be demonstrated from higher maternal weight, pregnancy weight gain or body mass index.","PeriodicalId":75400,"journal":{"name":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":"165 ","pages":"30-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20164311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proceedings of the Vth Baltic Conference on Obstetrics and Gynecology. Malmö, Sweden, May 25-27, 1995. 第五届波罗的海妇产科会议论文集。Malmö，瑞典，1995年5月25日至27日。

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement Pub Date : 1997-01-01

引用次数: 0

The value of clinical examination of the female incontinent patient. 女性尿失禁患者的临床检查价值。

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement Pub Date : 1997-01-01

K Ludviksson

引用次数: 0

Serum concentrations of zinc, folate, vitamins A and E, and proteins, and their relationships to pregnancy outcome. 血清锌、叶酸、维生素A、E和蛋白质浓度及其与妊娠结局的关系。

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement Pub Date : 1997-01-01

T Tamura, R L Goldenberg, K E Johnston, S P Cliver, H J Hoffman

{"title":"Serum concentrations of zinc, folate, vitamins A and E, and proteins, and their relationships to pregnancy outcome.","authors":"T Tamura, R L Goldenberg, K E Johnston, S P Cliver, H J Hoffman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To review the relationships between various laboratory measures relating to nutrition and pregnancy outcome. The data were obtained during the investigation entitled \"Successive small-for-gestational-age births study\".Methods: A total of 289 pregnant women of the 1545 who participated in the study between 1986 and 1988 in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The following determinations were done using the serum samples obtained at 18 and 30 weeks of gestation: zinc, folate, vitamins A and E, and proteins (alpha-2-macroglobulin, retinol-binding protein, prealbumin, and albumin). These laboratory values were correlated with various measures of pregnancy outcome including the incidence of fetal-growth retardation and maternal infections during the perinatal period and birth weight and Apgar score of infants.Results: Serum folate concentrations showed positive relationships with the incidence of fetal-growth retardation as well as birth weight of infants, and alpha-2-macroglobulin was negatively correlated with birth weight. These relationships were significant after adjusting for factors previously known to affect the birth weight of infants. The concentrations of serum zinc, vitamins A and E, and proteins did not show significant correlation with measures of pregnancy outcome.Conclusion: Among the laboratory measures evaluated in this study, serum folate and alpha-2-macroglobulin concentrations correlated with pregnancy outcome. Further research is warranted to investigate the mechanism(s) of the relationship between serum alpha-2-macroglobulin and birth weight of infants.","PeriodicalId":75400,"journal":{"name":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":"165 ","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20164241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biochemical prediction of pre-eclampsia. 子痫前期的生化预测。

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement Pub Date : 1997-01-01

C Grunewald

引用次数: 0

Medical prevention of pre-eclampsia. 医学预防先兆子痫。

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement Pub Date : 1997-01-01

S Montan

引用次数: 0

Clinical experience of a combined oral contraceptive with very low dose ethinyl estradiol. 极低剂量乙炔雌二醇联合口服避孕药的临床观察。

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement Pub Date : 1997-01-01

M Akerlund

{"title":"Clinical experience of a combined oral contraceptive with very low dose ethinyl estradiol.","authors":"M Akerlund","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The risk of thromboembolic events related to the ethinyl estradiol (EE) dose in oral contraceptive (OC) pills has led to a further dose reduction.Methods: An OC pill with 150 micrograms desogestrel combined with only 20 micrograms EE was compared with a pill containing the same dose of desogestrel but 30 micrograms of EE in a Scandinavian multicentre study with follow-up visits after 3, 6 and 12 months.Results: In almost 5,000 cycles with each pill the numbers of pregnancies due to method failure with the lower and higher EE dose pills were 0 and 2, respectively. Irregular bleedings were slightly more common with the lower EE dose, but tended to decrease over the year of study. Other side effects were uncommon. Regarding metabolic effects, both pills tended to raise the plasma HDL level and the lower EE dose pill also reduced LDL. Free testosterone was reduced by two-thirds with both pills, showing beneficial effects on acne.Conclusions: It is concluded that both these pills are reliable and safe, but that many women would accept a slightly greater risk of irregular bleeding with the 20 micrograms EE dose pill in exchange for a reduction in potential risk related to the estrogenic component of OC pills.","PeriodicalId":75400,"journal":{"name":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":"164 ","pages":"63-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20170650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A regional perinatal database in southern Sweden--a basis for quality assurance in obstetrics and neonatology. 一个区域围产期数据库在瑞典南部-在产科和新生儿质量保证的基础。

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement Pub Date : 1997-01-01

J Molin

{"title":"A regional perinatal database in southern Sweden--a basis for quality assurance in obstetrics and neonatology.","authors":"J Molin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In order to ensure as few avoidable adverse outcomes of pregnancy as possible, it is necessary to continuously evaluate the quality of both obstetric and neonatal care. The eleven southernmost hospitals in Sweden have joined together in a project of developing a regional database, with special emphasis on rapid output of information in order to identify changing trends.Methods: A regional computerized database has been developed, collecting variables and quality indicators agreed upon by all participants. Specific protocols have been designed for obstetric care, neonatal care and autopsy findings. All participating units transfer information on paper forms or via local computerized information systems. The regional database thus receives data on about 20,000 deliveries annually.Results: Data collection started on September 1, 1994. The first results are due in March 1996, and thereafter on a regular basis every 3 months. Special methods for rapid analysis of raw data have been developed with the help of commercially available data analysis tools.Conclusions: It is possible to construct an information system with different computer platforms and different database tools at each participating facility, as long as the database systems are locally controllable. That a software is commercially available is no guarantee that data transfer to a central database is possible. Experience from participating sites also indicates that a specialized database is needed for registering obstetric data, as general computerized record-keeping systems are unable to cope with an event concerning more than one subject at a time.","PeriodicalId":75400,"journal":{"name":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":"164 ","pages":"37-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20170157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Some reflections and hypotheses on the pathophysiology of female urinary incontinence. 关于女性尿失禁病理生理学的思考与假设。

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement Pub Date : 1997-01-01

U Ulmsten

{"title":"Some reflections and hypotheses on the pathophysiology of female urinary incontinence.","authors":"U Ulmsten","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"It is proposed that opening and closure of the proximal urethra and bladder neck are regulated by a battery of surrounding structures, the most important being the pubourethral-vesical ligaments, the suburethral vaginal wall, 'the hammock', the pubococcygeus muscles, the levator plate and the connective tissue which like glue connects these structures to each other. Inappropriate function in one of these structures can, to some extent, be compensated for by an improved function in another hereby maintaining continence. However, a significantly deteriorated function in the support of urethra--normally maintained by the pubourethral/pubovesical ligaments, the pubococcygeus muscles and suburethral vaginal wall--will result in pronounced stress incontinence. Severe defects in these structures can generally not be compensated for by exercises of the pelvic muscles. This is true, in particular, if there is also a defect function in the connective tissue which 'glues' the urogenital structures to each other. Under such circumstances surgical procedures have to be considered to alleviate the patients symptoms. What is said so far must not exclude the importance of recognizing the role of the internal urethral structures to maintain continence, in particular the quality of urethral muscles, connective tissue and vascularization. In some specific cases of mixed incontinence it can be speculated whether the urge symptom can be caused by an anatomical dysfunction causing the proximal urethra and the bladder neck to remain involuntarily open or to open promptly at even minor pressure provocations. If so distension of the bladder neck and proximal urethra may activate stretch receptors located here which will induce uninhibited detrusor contractions. The presence of estrogen receptors in many of the structures involved in preserving continence may explain the increased prevalence of dysfunctions in the urogenital tract in postmenopausal patients, in particular in those not on hormone replacement therapy.","PeriodicalId":75400,"journal":{"name":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":"166 ","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20195190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants born at term: growth and development during the first year of life. 足月出生的小胎龄婴儿:生命第一年的生长发育。

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement Pub Date : 1997-01-01

T Markestad, T Vik, G Ahlsten, M Gebre-Medhin, R Skjaerven, G Jacobsen, H J Hoffman, L S Bakketeig

{"title":"Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants born at term: growth and development during the first year of life.","authors":"T Markestad, T Vik, G Ahlsten, M Gebre-Medhin, R Skjaerven, G Jacobsen, H J Hoffman, L S Bakketeig","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose was to compare growth patterns and psychomotor development of healthy small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and non-SGA infants, and identify factors predictive of outcome at 13 months of age.Method: A total of 265 SGA infants and 329 non-SGA controls were identified from a multicenter cohort of 5722 para 1 and 2 women who had been followed during pregnancy. The infants were examined at 2 days and at 13 months of age. Psychomotor development at 13 months was assessed with The Bayley Scale of Infant Development.Results: The SGA infants showed partial catch-up growth, but had still lower (mean +/- SEM, p < 0.0001) weight (9750 +/- 65 vs 10505 +/- 67 g), crown-heel length (75.9 +/- 0.2 vs 77.5 +/- 0.2 cm) and head circumference (46.9 +/- 0.1 vs 47.7 +/- 0.1 cm) than the non-SGA infants at 13 months. The SGA children scored equally well on the motor (PDI 106.8 +/- 1.0 vs 107.2 +/- 0.8) but lower on the mental scale (MDI 112.1 +/- 0.8 vs 116.5 +/- 0.7, p < 0.0001) of the Bayley Scale, and the asymmetric SGA scored lower than the symmetric SGA infants (MDI 110.2 +/- 1.3 vs 113.3 +/- 0.9, p = 0.05). In a multivariate regression analysis the parents' growth parameters had the greatest effect on growth measures at 13 months while education and maternal smoking had no significant effect. SGA vs non-SGA status had the greatest effect on growth velocities during infancy. For mental development only SGA vs non-SGA status and the mothers' education made significant contributions, but only accounted for 6% of the variance.Conclusion: The negative impact of intrauterine factors on growth are partly abolished by catch-up growth during infancy, and growth parameters at one year of age are mostly determined by genetic factors even in SGA infants. Decreased intrauterine growth may possibly have a negative effect on brain growth and mental developmental potential.","PeriodicalId":75400,"journal":{"name":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":"165 ","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20164820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0