Research on Chemical Intermediates最新文献

{"title":"Development of coumarin-benzimidazole conjugates via Pd/Cu-catalyzed coupling for mycobacterial inhibition supported by molecular docking, ADME prediction, and molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Pooja Tandel,&nbsp;Bhaveshkumar B. Makwana,&nbsp;Amit B. Patel","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06081-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06081-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of multifunctional heterocyclic hybrid frameworks has emerged as a promising strategy for discovering new therapeutic agents with enhanced biological profiles. Here, we report the synthesis of novel coumarin-benzimidazole hybrid molecules <b>6a-o</b> using an efficient Sonogashira cross-coupling approach catalyzed by a Pd(0)/CuI catalytic system. The bimetallic system efficiently facilitated C(sp²)–C(sp) bond formation under mild reaction conditions, affording desired derivatives in higher yields up to 88%, also maintaining broad compatibility with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. All synthesized compounds were screened against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H₃₇Rv and cytotoxicity against the VERO cell line. Among all the synthesized compounds, <b>6b</b>, <b>6c</b>, <b>6k</b>, <b>6m</b>, and <b>6n</b> showed the most potent antimycobacterial activity at 1.6 µg/mL, with low cytotoxicity and a high selectivity index (SI &gt; 62.5), comparable to the standard drugs Isoniazid and Ethambutol. Moreover, <i>in-silico</i> ADME analysis revealed that all the synthesized scaffolds possess acceptable lipophilicity, favorable oral absorption, and suitable blood–brain barrier permeability. Molecular docking against enoyl-ACP reductase demonstrated strong binding affinities, particularly for scaffolds consisting of methyl (<b>6b</b>), fluoro (<b>6d</b>), and trifluoromethyl (<b>6o</b>) functional groups, which showed interactions comparable to Isoniazid. Post-docking MM-GBSA binding free energy calculations were performed to validate the ligand–protein interactions further. The most active compounds showed favorable ΔG_bind values, demonstrating good correlation with docking results and in vitro antimycobacterial activity. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the stability of the docked complex through sustained protein–ligand interactions and low structural fluctuations, corroborating the predicted binding mode.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"6873 - 6904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148985434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of asphaltene into a recyclable solid-acid carbocatalyst for the expedited synthesis of polyhydroacridines","authors":"Roya Azadi,&nbsp;Pariya Khoshnazar,&nbsp;Babak Mokhtari","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06079-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06079-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The valorization of petroleum waste into high-performance catalytic materials is a major frontier of sustainable chemistry. This paper reports the preparation of a robust, highly active asphaltene oxide (AO) solid-acid catalyst via controlled oxidation with nitric acid. In contrast to the destructive Hummers approach, which results in a disastrous loss of carbon (16.58% C), the HNO₃-based strategy preserves the polyaromatic core. It densely populates the surface with Bronsted acids (–COOH) and –NO₂ group. The catalytic activity of the functionalized AO was investigated in the multicomponent Hantzsch synthesis of polyhydroacridines. The reaction afforded excellent yields (up to 90%) in 5–30 min under optimized solvent (THF) conditions, with a remarkably low catalyst loading (5 mg). In addition, the HNO₃-derived asphaltene showed a much better performance than the KMnO₄-derived asphaltene with higher functional group tolerance and structural stability. The heterogeneous catalyst also showed excellent functional group tolerance and retained its catalytic integrity after five cycles, with only a slight 10% loss in yield. It provides a very sustainable and cost-effective platform for complex organic transformations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 9","pages":"6223 - 6239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marigold-like Zn2In2S5 for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B: analysis of active species and mechanism investigation","authors":"Yun Ju,&nbsp;Fengqin Wang,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Hummera Rafique,&nbsp;Muhammad Nadeem Zafar,&nbsp;Muhammad Tayyab","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06083-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06083-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Semiconductor photocatalysis offers an environmentally sustainable approach for the elimination of organic contaminants from wastewater. However, the photocatalytic performance of Zn₂In₂S₅ (ZIS) is often limited by nanosheet aggregation, insufficient exposure of active sites, and the incomplete understanding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution. In this study, marigold-like ZIS microspheres with a 2D-3D hierarchical porous structure were fabricated, and their performance in the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The structural and physicochemical properties of the obtained ZIS were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Mott–Schottky analysis. The results demonstrated that this unique structure integrates the advantages of the short charge migration distance of 2D materials and multiple light scattering/adsorption sites of 3D structures. Under AM 1.5 simulated sunlight irradiation, the as-prepared ZIS photocatalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, with a RhB degradation efficiency of up to 99.7% within 60 min and an apparent reaction rate constant (k) of 0.09 min⁻¹, which compares favorably with most previously reported ZIS-based photocatalysts. Through trapping experiments, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and qualitative detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), the photocatalytic reaction mechanism of ZIS was elucidated: superoxide radical (·O₂⁻) is the primary active species, followed by photogenerated hole (h⁺), whereas hydroxyl radical (·OH) make the least contribution. More importantly, a cascade mechanism of “ O₂⁻– H₂O₂–·OH” was proposed in this work, which not only resolves the inherent contradiction of insufficient valence band position of ZIS but also demonstrates the potential of hierarchical zinc indium sulfide photocatalysts for efficient environmental remediation applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"7087 - 7101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bio-inspired nickel complex as an efficient nanocatalyst for heck coupling reactions","authors":"Azam Ebrahimikia,&nbsp;Hashem Akhlaghi,&nbsp;Alireza Motavalizadehkakhky","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06078-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06078-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, chlorogenic acid was isolated from ethanolic extract of <i>Hymenocrater bituminosus</i> using a preparative high-performance chromatography. Then, a bio-inspired Ni(II)-CGA complex was synthesized using a simple and environmentally friendly process, and its structural and morphological properties were extensively characterized. The Ni(II)-CGA was analyzed using FTIR, confirming the formation of coordination between Ni(II) and the phenolic groups of CGA because the stretching vibration of CGA carbonyl groups were shifted to the lower wavenumbers following the metal–phenol interactions. XRD pattern confirms the formation of coordinated bonds between Ni(II) and oxygen atoms of CGA. SEM and TEM images confirm the formation of grain-like aggregated nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 15 to 40 nm, in which Ni(II) cores with sizes less than 5 nm are distributed in a non-crystalline and amorphous organic matrix of CGA. The catalytic activity of the Ni(II)-CGA nanoparticles was investigated in the Heck coupling reaction under mild conditions. Systematic optimization revealed that 4 mol% of the catalyst in refluxing ethanol, in the presence of Cs₂CO₃ and hydrazine hydrate, efficiently facilitated the coupling of aryl halides with styrene, affording the desired (<i>E</i>)-styrylbenzenes in good to excellent yields. This work demonstrates the promising potential of plant-derived ligands for the development of low-cost, eco-friendly metal catalysts for sustainable organic synthesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 9","pages":"6355 - 6372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic oxygen vacancies and mixed-valence states in SrO/MnO2 nanozyme for trace-level ascorbic acid detection in real human serum and different fresh food samples","authors":"Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad,&nbsp;Mian Hasnain Nawaz,&nbsp;Akhtar Hayat,&nbsp;Raja Shahid Ashraf,&nbsp;Peter John,&nbsp;Muhammad Nasir","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06076-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06076-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sensitive and rapid determination of ascorbic acid (AA) is essential for clinical diagnostics, oxidative stress assessment, and food quality monitoring. Herein, a novel synergistic SrO/MnO₂ nanozyme with oxygen vacancies and mixed valences of manganese for fast and colorimetric detection of AA is reported without using any chemical agents and without using chromogenic substrate or oxidant in the assay procedure. In contrast with the current nanozyme-based assays, which depend on the use of chromogenic substrates and oxidants for AA sensing, this proposed sensing strategy is based on the natural redox reaction of AA with the nanozyme SrO/MnO₂, allowing direct detection of AA without using 3,3ʹ,5,5ʹ-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) or hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Under optimum conditions, the developed nanozyme offered an extensive linear dynamic range from 1 to 100 µM, a low limit of detection of 0.77 µM, a low limit of quantitation of 2.5 µM, and the whole test took just 2 min. Besides, the developed sensor proved to be highly selective toward AA, exhibiting good discrimination between AA and other potentially interfering biomolecules and inorganic ions. Moreover, the SrO/MnO₂ nanozyme possessed high catalytic stability under various pHs and temperatures and could be used multiple times, pointing to its high stability and cost-effectiveness as opposed to enzymatic sensors. Practical applicability of the designed sensing system was confirmed through successful detection of AA in human serum, commercial vitamin C tablets, and beverages with no negative matrix effects. These results clearly indicate that the heterostructure SrO/MnO₂ nanozyme can form a fast, sensitive, and eco-friendly TMB- and H₂O₂-free colorimetric sensor, having great potential in clinical, food safety, and point-of-care testing of antioxidants.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div><p>Graphical representation of ascorbic acid detection without the use of enzymes or any other material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 9","pages":"6309 - 6328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly Zn-doped Co3O4 nanocatalyst for benzimidazole synthesis: characterization, reusability, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking studies","authors":"Prakash Kokare,&nbsp;Ashwini More,&nbsp;Vishvanath Ghanwat,&nbsp;Amol Jadhav,&nbsp;Avdhut Kadam,&nbsp;Pritam Ghadge,&nbsp;Dipak Mali,&nbsp;Bipin Shinde,&nbsp;Santosh Kamble","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06072-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06072-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, Zn-doped Co₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized through an environmentally friendly green route using <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> leaves extract. The leaf extract served as both a bio-reducing and stabilizing agent, eliminating the need for toxic chemicals and harsh reaction conditions. The phytochemical constituents facilitated the controlled formation of nanoscale particles. The synthesized nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS, IR spectroscopy and BET surface area analysis to evaluate their structural, morphological, compositional, surface and textural properties. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives through the condensation of <i>o</i>-phenylenediamine with various aldehydes under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst exhibited excellent activity, affording high yields (90–97%) within short reaction times (20–30 min.). It also demonstrated good stability and was easily recovered and reused. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, showing significant inhibitory activity. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking studies demonstrated favorable predicted binding interactions of the synthesized compounds with DNA gyrase B, suggesting their potential to interact with this antibacterial target. ADMET analysis indicated acceptable drug-likeness and favorable predicted pharmacokinetic properties, including blood–brain barrier permeability with low predicted nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity within the applied computational models.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 9","pages":"6143 - 6180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mg–Al-Layered double hydroxide nanostructures for sustainable highly active hydrogen production via sodium borohydride methanolysis","authors":"Hatice Çağlar Yılmaz,&nbsp;Asım Balbay,&nbsp;Sema Erdemoğlu,&nbsp;Cafer Saka","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06075-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06075-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing low-cost and high-performance catalysts is essential for practical hydrogen generation from chemical hydrides. In this study, a magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxide catalyst was successfully prepared through a urea-assisted hydrothermal co-precipitation route and applied for hydrogen production via sodium borohydride methanolysis. Structural analyses confirmed the formation of a crystalline layered framework with homogeneously dispersed nano-sized particles and a porous surface architecture. Under the selected reaction conditions (0.125 g NaBH₄, 10 mL methanol, 0.01 g Mg–Al LDH catalyst, and 30 °C), the catalyst achieved a hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 18,674 mL min⁻¹ g⁻¹ and the catalyst generated 330 mL of hydrogen within 4.5 min, indicating rapid catalytic kinetics. The enhanced activity was associated with the cooperative interaction between magnesium and aluminum active centers, which promoted surface basicity and accelerated borohydride activation. Furthermore, the catalyst preserved its structural integrity and catalytic efficiency during five consecutive reuse cycles with only minor performance loss. These findings demonstrate that magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxide is a promising catalyst for efficient and sustainable on-demand hydrogen production in future portable clean energy conversion and storage systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 9","pages":"6445 - 6468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating magnesium oxide position in co-modification to promote the alkylation of toluene to p‑xylene over ZSM-5","authors":"Bing Yan,&nbsp;Bohui Lu,&nbsp;Xinshuai Li,&nbsp;Guangming Min,&nbsp;Xu Chen,&nbsp;Kun Lu,&nbsp;Zonghui Liu,&nbsp;Bing Xue","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06073-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06073-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The alkylation of toluene to <i>p</i>-xylene (PX) was considered a very promising route for synthesizing PX, owing to advantages such as high selectivity and low cost. Modified ZSM-5 zeolites were widely used catalysts, and achieving controlled modification drove significant research efforts. This work employed co-modification of ZSM-5 with B₂O₃ and MgO, where MgO deposition was designed to exploit both the formation of bulky Mg²⁺-citrate chelates and electrostatic interactions between these anionic chelates and electron-deficient boron sites in surface B₂O₃, aiming to preferentially anchor Mg species at external zeolite surfaces. This approach achieved simultaneous acidity regulation and selective elimination of external acid sites while suppressing MgO-induced pore blocking, consequently yielding catalysts with high alkylation activity and PX selectivity. At loadings of 3% B₂O₃ and 5% MgO, the catalyst delivered optimal performance with 13% toluene conversion and 80% PX selectivity at 400 °C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 9","pages":"6009 - 6024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified halloysite for heterogeneous conversion of saccharides to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: recent advances and future trends","authors":"Samahe Sadjadi","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06074-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06074-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Halloysite (Hal) is a natural clay mineral, characterized by its tubular morphology and opposite electrical charges on its surfaces. This structure endows Hal with a suite of advantageous properties, including high thermal stability, inherent acidity, and a nanoconfined lumen, making it a compelling compound for catalytic applications. A particularly promising application lies in the acid-catalyzed conversion of saccharides into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a versatile and bio-based platform compound for synthesizing a wide range of value-added chemicals and biofuels. While numerous acidic catalysts have been developed for this reaction, each presents inherent limitations. Hal has recently been explored for designing advanced catalysts for HMF production, yielding acceptable results. However, to achieve high HMF yields, modification of Hal characteristics, such as its acidity, hydrophobicity, and textural properties, is imperative. To improve the acidity of Hal, various innovative strategies, including acid treatment, as well as chemical functionalization for grafting acidic moieties such as sulfonic groups, acidic ionic liquids, and polymers, and immobilization of acidic species such as heteropolyacids, metal oxides and acidic metal–organic frameworks, have been pursued. Various analyses, such as NH₃-TPD and the titration method, confirmed an increase in acidity of Hal up to 2 times. To improve textural properties, acid treatment can be suggested, and BET method revealed the efficiency of this approach for improving the specific surface area and pore volume of Hal. Introduction of hydrophobic species on Hal can increase the hydrophobicity of Hal, as evidenced by measuring the contact angle. Furthermore, the introduction of basic sites on Hal can lead to bi-functional catalysts, useful for the conversion of di and polysaccharides to HMF. This mini-review article discusses the recent advances in the rational engineering of halloysite for the preparation of efficient catalysts dedicated to the synthesis of HMF. The effects of Hal modification approach on its characteristics are elaborated by discussing various analyses, such as XRD, XPS, and SEM. Furthermore, the limitations of each strategy as well as future perspectives are addressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 9","pages":"6181 - 6221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly dispersed cobalt catalyst in SBA-15 (Co@NC-SBA-15): a promising approach for efficient, mild and selective C–H bonds oxidation using household bleach","authors":"Malihe Nayamadi Mahmoodabadi,&nbsp;Batool Akhlaghinia","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06067-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06067-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, a novel cobalt-based catalyst supported in mesoporous silica SBA-15 (Co@NC-SBA-15) was developed as a highly active non-precious metal catalyst. Comprehensive characterization via FT-IR, XRD, XPS, BET, TEM, FE-SEM, EDX, EDX mapping, TGA, ICP-OES and DRS confirmed the structural integrity, with high dispersion of the cobalt active sites and thermal stability of the catalyst. The aforementioned catalyst with the narrow particle size distribution (1.5–4 nm) exhibited excellent efficiency and selectivity in the oxidation of benzylic &amp; allylic C–H bonds. This transformation proceeded without any organic solvent at room temperature, employing household bleach (aqueous solution of NaOCl) as an inexpensive, non-toxic and readily available oxidant. Desired carbonyl products were obtained from the oxidation reactions of various benzylic and allylic C–H bonds under the mild conditions. The catalyst retained its activity over six successive cycles, showing negligible cobalt leaching and structural degradation. This study highlights the potential of Co@NC-SBA-15 as a sustainable, low-cost alternative to noble metal catalysts for the oxidation of benzylic &amp; allylic C–H bonds, offering significant advantages in terms of green chemistry metrics, operational simplicity and catalytic performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 9","pages":"5969 - 6008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}