Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum最新文献

{"title":"Myocardial infarction and environment. Use of registers in epidemiology.","authors":"L Alfredsson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present thesis methods for utilizing some of the many registers in Sweden for epidemiological purposes were further developed. These purposes include immigrant studies, case-control studies dealing with psychosocial job characteristics, and studies of time trends. A theoretical framework for handling problems of misclassification when using register data was developed. Register data were used to examine several hypotheses concerning the occurrence and etiology of myocardial infarction (MI). The result of these all emphasize the role of environmental factors in the etiology of MI. Further information on the relationship between migration and MI was obtained. Male Finnish immigrants in Sweden tend to adopt the lower risk of native Swedes. This implies that environmental factors are important in explaining the difference in incidence of MI between Finland and Sweden. This also implies that it may be possible to decrease the risk by changing environmental conditions. The relationship between psychosocial work environment and MI risk was studied in a new way by using information on occupation. Occupations characterized by hectic work and at the same time providing little possibility for control or growth were significantly associated with an elevated MI risk. The risk for men aged 40-54 years employed in these strenuous occupations was about twice as high as for those in other occupations. This result remained relatively unaffected when several potential confounding factors were taken into consideration. A study was undertaken to examine trends in the incidence and mortality of MI in Stockholm (1974-80). For men the incidence as well as the mortality was appreciably increased. For women there was an appreciable increase in incidence while the increase in mortality was more uncertain. The observed increases in incidence and mortality are contrary to the trend for most other nations in the Western hemisphere. The reason for the increasing trend in Stockholm is, however, unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"698 ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14980250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some cardiovascular risk markers are also important in old age.","authors":"E Agner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"696 ","pages":"3-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14976452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug utilization studies: implications for medical care. Proceedings from ANIS Symposium, Sånga-Säby, Sweden, June 8-9, 1982.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"683 ","pages":"1-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17645549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of acute and long-term beta-adrenergic blockade with alprenolol in definite or suspected myocardial infarction. Salvage of ischaemic myocardium by alprenolol.","authors":"H J Jürgensen,&nbsp;J Frederiksen,&nbsp;D A Hansen,&nbsp;O Pedersen-Bjergaard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"680 ","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17434900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and biochemical aspects of sarcoidosis. With special reference to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).","authors":"F K Rømer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with predominantly pulmonary manifestations. Its frequency in Denmark is higher than previously assumed; on the basis of studies in two different areas the annual incidence was a least 10 cases/100,000 population. Because several cases remain undetected, the real incidence may be higher. The aetiology is unknown. Pathoanatomically the disease is characterized by the appearance of non-caseous epithelioid cell granulomas. The initial process in the lungs is presumably a non-granulomatous interstitial inflammation (alveolitis) with an accumulation of activated T-lymphocytes and mononuclear macrophages. Subsequent there is transition to organized granulomas and in some patients further development into fibrosis. The immunological abnormalities in peripheral blood suggest a stimulation of the humoral immunity and a inhibited cellular immunity. However, there is increasing evidence that the alveolitis may be an expression of increased cellular immunity manifesting at local sites of granuloma formation. ACE is a protein which in non-sarcoid individuals is associated with the endothelial cells, converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II and contributing to the bradykinin degradation. In sarcoidosis ACE is present in alveolar macrophages, epithelioid and giant cells. It can thus be considered as a marker for abnormal macrophage activity in the disease and has been introduced as a diagnostic tool. On examination of a widely compounded patient material we found elevated SACE in approx. 60% of sarcoidosis patients, compared with 1% in other conditions. Judged by these results, there was more than 90% probability that a patient with elevated SACE had sarcoidosis; however, a normal SACE did not preclude sarcoidosis. In newly detected sarcoidosis SACE was elevated in 50% of the patients, whereas elevated SACE was more frequent in patients with chronic active sarcoidosis (duration greater than 2 years). There was a large overlap between SACE values when the CXR stages were compared, a result which is comparable with other series. Two clinical manifestations exhibited peculiar enzyme patterns: in EN SACE was generally normal initially and subsequently increased to elevated values, and in hypercalcaemic sarcoidosis patients SACE was elevated in all. SACE was not elevated in EN of other aetiology or in non-sarcoid hypercalcaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"690 ","pages":"3-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17164009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns in drug utilization--national and international aspects: antidiabetic drugs.","authors":"L Stika","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data on the prevalence of diabetes in the Czech socialist republic and on the age and sex structure of the diabetic population are presented in this paper as well as the distribution of patients according to type of therapy. The time period studied was 1972 through 1980. The following factors were supposed to affect the level of antidiabetic drug consumption in Czechoslovakia: prevalence of diabetes; organisation of health care; demographic indices and therapeutic traditions. Differences in age and sex structure of the population are probably a major reason for the observed differences in antidiabetic drug consumption between the Czech and the Slovak socialist republics. A good reciprocity was found between the sale of antidiabetic drugs measured as number of defined daily doses (DDD) per 1 000 inhabitants per day and the prevalence of diabetics treated with the corresponding drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"683 ","pages":"53-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17644351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of chest pain and angina pectoris, with special reference to treatment needs.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a cardiovascular epidemiological study of a random sample of the population living in the area surrounding Rigshospitalet . Major aims of the study were to determine the prevalence and incidence of ischaemic heart disease, and to examine predictive signs and symptoms in the general population, as well as to determine treatment needs in subjects already suffering from ischaemic heart disease. The present study focuses on the epidemiology of chest pain and angina pectoris in the Copenhagen City Heart Study with the object of measuring the prevalence and prognosis of angina pectoris and evaluating treatment needs in subjects with angina pectoris.</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"682 ","pages":"1-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17644476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription-event monitoring. A preliminary study of benoxaprofen and fenbufen.","authors":"W H Inman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prescription-Event Monitoring (PEM) has been established at the Drug Surveillance Research Unit of the University of Southampton as a low-cost technique for ascertaining the pattern of events, whether drug-related or not, in large general practice cohorts. The reporting of \"events\" without the need for an opinion about the probability that they may be adverse drug reactions (ADRs) removes much of the uncertainty inherent in voluntary ADR reporting systems. Numerators (adverse events) and denominators (the number of prescriptions), enable estimates of incidence to be derived from the data. Where related drugs are studied concurrently, differences in the pattern of events may signal important differences in their safety or efficacy . A successful large-scale preliminary exercise involving nearly 9 000 doctors and 16 000 patients is described.</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"683 ","pages":"119-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17298623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta-adrenoceptor blockade and vasodilatation in essential hypertension. Hemodynamic studies at rest and during exposure to stress.","authors":"R Eggertsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute and long-term effects on blood pressure and hemodynamics both at rest and during acute exposure to loud noise of drugs with beta-adrenoceptor blocking and vasodilating properties. Prizidilol and carvedilol both act as nonselective beta-blocking and precapillary vasodilating compounds. Prizidilol (200 mg X 2) was compared to propranolol (80 mg X 2) plus hydralazine (25 mg X 2) and showed similar antihypertensive effect in a long-term double-blind randomized trial. Carvedilol was evaluated acutely with invasive (dye-dilution) and noninvasive (plethysmography) technique and showed an acute antihypertensive effect without causing a rise in TPR and with a decrease in regional resistance in the fore-arm. Acutely, carvedilol (25 mg and 50 mg) decreased blood pressure and regional resistance (50 mg) in contrast to propranolol (80 mg) which did not lower blood pressure acutely and caused an increase in regional resistance. In a long-term double-blind, randomized comparison, both propranolol (80 mg X 2) and carvedilol (25 mg X 2 and 50 mg X 2) showed a useful antihypertensive effect. After 29 days, however, it was still possible to demonstrate an acute decrease in resistance with carvedilol (50 mg) after tablet intake, indicating the vasodilating activity of this compound. When patients with essential hypertension were exposed to an even broad band noise (100 dBA), there was a rise in blood pressure due to an increase in TPR. Alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade (prazosin 2 mg) prevented the rise in TPR but blood pressure increased in spite of this due to a rise in CO. Moreover, nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blockade and alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade in combination (labetalol 200 mg) were unable to prevent the rise in blood pressure induced by noise. Finally, precapillary vasodilatation and beta-adrenoceptor blockade (prizidilol 400 mg) given as long-term treatment were also inefficient in preventing the noise-induced (105 dBA) rise in blood pressure. The absolute level of blood pressure obtained, however, was significantly lower than during placebo administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"689 ","pages":"1-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17217404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of acute and long-term beta-adrenergic blockade with alprenolol in definite or suspected myocardial infarction. Background and aims of the study.","authors":"H J Jürgensen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"680 ","pages":"4-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17434901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}