Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum最新文献

{"title":"Investigations with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in healthy volunteers.","authors":"W. H. Aellig","doi":"10.1185/03007997709110144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1185/03007997709110144","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryInvestigations of several properties of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in healthy volunteers using simple non-invasive techniques giving reproducible results are described. A comparison of heart rate during physical exercise, before and after drug administration, showed that in this test 5 mg pindolol and 100 mg propranolol were almost equally active. In a test comparing the dose of intravenously infused isoprenaline required to increase the heart rate to 120 beatsjmin, pindolol was shown to be about 40-times more potent than propranolol and about 10-times less potent than Sandoz 23-784.The moderate intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) of pindolol leads to a slight increase in resting heart rate in subjects in the supine position when sympathetic tone is very low. In the sitting position pindolol, like propranolol (without ISA), reduces resting heart rate, but to a lesser extent. Sandoz 23-784, a drug with high ISA, however, increases resting heart rate both in the supine and in the sitting p...","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"606 1","pages":"71-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1185/03007997709110144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65619482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pindolol: a pharmacokinetic comparison with other beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents.","authors":"J. Meier","doi":"10.1185/03007997709110145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1185/03007997709110145","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe pharmacokinetic properties of the 9 most frequently studied beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents (alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, practolol, propranolol, sotalol and timolol) are compared. Some pharmacokinetic parameters were found to be similar or not relevantly different in this group of drugs, e.g. the rate and amount of absorption, distribution volume, elimination half-life, total clearance and total urinary excretion. However, some other pharmacokinetic parameters, such as daily dosage, oral bioavailability, first-pass effect and the ratio of renal versus hepatic clearance, were surprisingly different. A good correlation between systemic availability and urinary excretion of unchanged drug could be demonstrated for the beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents.The pharmacokinetic comparison shows that pindolol has some relevant advantages. Due to the moderate metabolism, a negligible first-pass effect results which yields a high oral bioavailability and leads to small inter-in...","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"606 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1185/03007997709110145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65619527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International MONICA Congress. Helsinki, Finland, August 14-15, 1987.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"728 ","pages":"1-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14331886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin resistance in Pima Indians. A combined effect of genetic predisposition and obesity-related skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy.","authors":"S Lillioja,&nbsp;C Bogardus","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity and diabetes are epidemic in the Pima Indians of Southwest United States. Recent evidence suggests that a reduced metabolic rate may predispose the obesity and, since metabolic rate appears to be familial, this may predispose to the familial dependence of obesity. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Insulin resistance is associated with obesity, but is also familial, independent of obesity. In this population insulin resistance is a risk factor for the development of diabetes. Diabetes occurs when insulin secretory failure is superimposed on insulin resistance. Reduced glucose storage in muscle, regulated by glycogen synthase, is important in determining insulin resistance especially at high plasma insulin concentrations and it is possible that a specific genetic defect may be the cause of this. Obesity has its major effect on insulin action at lower plasma insulin concentrations and we propose that this may in part be due to abnormalities of insulin action induced by an increased fat-free mass with a consequent enlargement of muscle cells, a reduced capillary supply, and reduced penetration of insulin into muscle in obese subjects. We propose therefore that insulin resistance may be due to a combination of a genetic defect and obesity-induced changes in the biophysical properties of skeletal muscle. These defects, by slightly increasing the plasma glucose concentration and inducing pancreatic glucose insensitivity, may in turn lead to the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"723 ","pages":"103-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14266579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical treatment of regional adiposity. Lipectomy versus surgically induced weight loss.","authors":"J G Kral","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recognition of abdominal fat distribution as a significant risk factor raised the question whether surgical treatment of regional adiposity might be feasible or desirable. This is a review of cosmetic and therapeutic lipectomy in man and experimental lipectomy in rodents examining morphologic and metabolic aspects as well as conditions for growth and regrowth of adipose tissue. Potentially detrimental metabolic effects of lipectomy are discussed in the context of the \"metabolic sink\" hypothesis. Data are also presented on the distribution of weight loss after gastrointestinal surgery for morbid obesity. An obesity-related \"elephantiasis\" syndrome in superobese men is described. \"Giant lipectomy\" in one such case, removing a record 50 kg during one operation, with pre- and postoperative determination of body fat is reported. It is concluded that lipectomy is not a treatment for obesity with very rare exceptions. Regrowth of adipose tissue is possible under special circumstances. Surgically induced massive weight loss does not seem to cause preferential regional weight loss, though risk-reducing beneficial metabolic effects are achieved after gastrointestinal obesity surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"723 ","pages":"225-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14295338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence and regulation of two growth-hormone-controlled, sex-specific isozymes of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver, P-450(15)beta and P-450(16)alpha.","authors":"P G Zaphiropoulos,&nbsp;A Mode,&nbsp;A Ström,&nbsp;B Husman,&nbsp;G Andersson,&nbsp;J A Gustafsson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Full length cDNA clones for the sexually differentiated rat liver cytochrome P-450 isozymes 15 beta and 16 alpha have been isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of P-450(15)beta is 66% homologous to that of P-450(16)alpha. Furthermore, either of these two cytochromes has a homology of about 50% with the major phenobarbital inducible form, cytochrome P-450b, while the homology with the major carcinogen inducible form, cytochrome P-450c, is less than 30%. Also, the homology of these two sex-dependent cytochromes with the developmentally regulated cytochrome P-450 isozymes f and PB-1 is about 70%. Therefore, it is concluded that P-450 isozymes 15 beta, 16 alpha, f, and PB-1 represent a subfamily within the phenobarbital related cytochrome P-450 gene family. Growth hormone is known to be a major determinant for expression of P-450(15)beta and P-450(16)alpha and the time course of this induction was studied at the pretranslational level. Continuous infusion of GH to hypophysectomized male rats caused an induction of P-450(15)beta mRNA after 6 days of treatment while intermittent injections had no effect during that time course. The opposite was found to be the case for P-450(16)alpha mRNA where no effect was observed following continuous administration of GH, whereas intermittent injections caused an induction after 2 days of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"723 ","pages":"161-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14295356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoelectrophoretic tailing albumin phenomenon. Associations with clinical characteristics of the patients and with nitrofurantoin treatment.","authors":"K Haltia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study is a retrospective analysis of the clinical features of 122 patients from Finland, whose serum showed in immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) a cathodic elongation of the albumin line, \"tailing albumin\" (TA), not associated with an M-component. One hundred and seventeen of these cases were found among about 40,000 consecutive routine serum IEP examinations in two laboratories during 1967-1980. Five further cases were detected during the collection of the control series. Only a few TA cases of corresponding type have been reported from elsewhere. Previous studies of some of the patients of the present series had shown that the TA phenomenon was due to complexes between albumin and IgG class autoantibodies against albumin. Clinical data were collected mainly from the hospital records. The chest radiographic findings were classified by the ILO (International Labour Office) method. The author herself examined 33 of the patients during the current disease or during the follow-up. One hundred and ten patients were followed up for a period of three months to nine years (mean 2.5 years). The patients were mostly elderly, and 93% of them were women. Most of the patients had one or more previously diagnosed chronic illnesses, for which they were receiving one or several drugs as long-term therapy. Eighty percent of the patients were receiving nitrofurantoin (NF) as prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections. However, urinary tract infection was not a current problem in any of the cases. There was evidence of a role of NF in the development of both the immunologic abnormalities and the clinical disease in the TA patients. On the basis of long-term NF treatment the patients were divided into two groups: 1) 97 patients with NF therapy (NF+ group) and 2) 25 patients without NF therapy (NF- group). The patients had mostly undergone the examinations because of cough, dyspnoea, and general symptoms (fatigue, weakness, malaise, loss of weight). The symptoms had usually started insidiously, and in 50% of the patients they had lasted for at least three months. Eight of the patients had been hospitalized because of various acute diseases (e.g. cerebral stroke). Ten of the patients were subjectively symptomless. The most common pathologic laboratory findings were high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (over 100 mm/h in 47%), IgG class antinuclear antibodies (in 88%; the titre was greater than or equal to 1000 in 56%), high serum IgG (mean 30.6 g/l), and elevated levels of serum aminotransferases (in 54% of the patients examined).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"729 ","pages":"1-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14335500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on posthypoglycemic insulin resistance in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","authors":"M Kollind","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Altogether 54 male patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus participated in the studies. The impact of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on posthypoglycemic insulin sensitivity was evaluated for up to 12 hours following nadir hypoglycemia. The effect on glucose homeostasis following transient elevation of counterregulatory hormones was studied by exogenous administration of adrenaline, adreno-corticotropic hormone and growth hormone and by suppression of the endogenous release of growth hormone in connection with hypoglycemia. The studies were performed in the fasting state preceded by a 24 hour intravenous insulin infusion in order to avoid interference of subcutaneous insulin. Insulin resistance was determined by a constant rate intravenous infusion of somatostatin, insulin and glucose. This test seemed appropriate for the evaluation of total insulin resistance, and its reproducibility was acceptable. By using this method it was demonstrated that insulin resistance occurred for at least 12 hours after a hypoglycemic event in patients with IDDM, and that adrenaline caused immediate insulin resistance which, however, faded out within four to six hours, while GH exerted no immediate effect on insulin sensitivity but caused marked and sustained insulin resistance after a lag period of about four hours. Cortisol had no apparent effect within six hours but enhanced the effect of GH. The magnitude of these diabetogenic effects of hypoglycemia and GH was less pronounced in patients who already were more insulin resistant. These results are compatible with the idea that adrenaline is of major importance for the counterregulation and restoration of blood glucose during the first few hours following hypoglycemia, while GH is responsible for the induction of a long-lasting state of insulin resistance. It is possible that such prolonged insulin resistance may cause posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia in patients with IDDM. These studies therefore indicate that the GH suppressing hormone somatostatin may be of clinical value as an adjunct to insulin in the treatment of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and labile blood glucose control.</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"727 ","pages":"1-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14038819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding of partially hydrogenated fish oils to rats in comparison with partially hydrogenated soybean oil and refined rapeseed oil: a combined chronic oral toxicity and carcinogenicity study with in utero phase.","authors":"I F Duthie,&nbsp;S M Barlow,&nbsp;R Ashby,&nbsp;J M Tesh,&nbsp;J C Whitney,&nbsp;A Saunders,&nbsp;E Chapman,&nbsp;K R Norum,&nbsp;H Svaar,&nbsp;J Opstvedt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Partially hydrogenated fish oils (PHFO) have been widely used in human food products for many years, particularly in Europe, North and South America and in South Africa. Animal studies, mainly with rapeseed oil, suggested that erucic acid might be responsible for morphological changes in the myocardium. It was suggested that other members of the docosenoic (22:1) family of fatty acids might produce similar effects to those ascribed to erucic acid. Certain PHFO can contain relatively high levels of these other isomers. Thus it was decided to evaluate PHFO of differing 22:1 levels in comparison with partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSBO) and refined rapeseed oil (LEAR) in a rat life span study, preceded by a breeding period in which the experimental lipids were fed to male and female parents. Two commercially produced PHFO were selected to represent the lower (PHFO-L) and upper (PHFO-U) range of 22:1 contents, 4.3 and 13.8%, respectively. A third test oil was prepared from a 50:50 blend of these (PHFO-M) to provide and intermediary 22:1 level. The control PHSBO and LEAR contained 0 and 1.0% 22:1, respectively. These experimental oils were included in semi-purified diets at 8 and 16%, respectively, in the breeding and life span periods of the study, together with 4% of oil mixtures providing essential fatty acids (EFA). Specific pathogen free (SPF). Wistar weanling rats, 200 of each sex, provided the subjects for the breeding period. Sufficient numbers of offspring were obtained in suitable condition from each treatment group to allow selection of a total of 555 weanlings for allocation to the five dietary treatments of the life span period of the study. For the life span period of the study, which was terminated after 107 to 110 weeks of treatment, 50 subjects were allocated to each of the PHSBO, PHFO-L and PHFO-U dietary groups, and 50 males to each of the LEAR and PHFO-M groups. The remaining subjects were allocated to sub-groups for sacrifice four days or 26 weeks after introduction of the life span period diets. All life span group subjects were weighed and had their food intakes recorded, and were subjected to clinical examination, routinely. At designated stages, ophthalmoscopic examination of all subjects was carried out, and samples of blood and urine were obtained from sub-groups for laboratory analysis. All decedent and terminated life span group subjects were subjected to post mortem examination, with weighing of 16 organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"726 ","pages":"1-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14317463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracardiac thrombus-systemic arterial embolism. Contribution of echocardiography.","authors":"H Egeblad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75385,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"730 ","pages":"1-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14340826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}