World journal of experimental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of urinary extracellular vesicles and microRNAs to diagnose urogenital tuberculosis.","authors":"Parijat Das, Dharmendra K Chaudhary, Richa Mishra, Swasti Tiwari","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.105208","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.105208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India has the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden in the world. Of the estimated annual 10 million TB cases, features of extra pulmonary TB are evident in up to 45%. Urogenital TB (UGTB) accounts for approximately 20% of those cases. The lack of non-sputum based diagnostic tools continue to hinder efforts to reduce the burden of UGTB. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in biological pathways and can be used as a potential biomarker for TB. We evaluated urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) as non-invasive source to explore miRNAs with biomarker potential for UGTB.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the potential of miRNA-155-5p, miRNA-26a-5p and miRNA-29a-3p in uEVs to diagnose UGTB in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>uEV characterization was done using nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for urinary uEV-miRNAs were carried out in samples from patients with suspected UGTB, or Urinary tract infections [UTI, disease controls (DC)] and healthy controls (HCs) (<i>n</i> = 20/group). U6 was used to normalize the qRT-PCR data. Receivers operating characteristic curves was used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of uEV-miRNAs to differentiate UGTB from controls (DC and HCs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>uEVs from UGTB or UTI patients had higher mean size, and also lower proportion of CD63 positive vesicles as compared to HC's uEVs. Between UTI and UGTB, the mean size of uEVs was significantly higher in UTI cases. qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significantly lower abundance of miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-26a-5p in uEVs from UGTB relative to UTI (<i>P</i> value = 0.004) and HC (<i>P</i> value = 0.009) respectively <i>n</i> = 20/group). While, miRNA-29a-3p was higher in abundance in both UGTB and HCs' uEV, relative to uEVs from UTI cases (<i>P</i> values = 0.004 and 0.002 respectively, <i>n</i> = 20/group). Moreover, miRNA-155-5p [area under curve (AUC) = 0.88, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.0001] and miRNA-29a-3p (AUC = 0.76, <i>P</i> value = 0.005) had optimal diagnostic accuracy to differentiate UGTB from DC (<i>n</i> = 20/groups) with a likelihood ratio of 5.2 and 4.3, respectively through receivers operating characteristic curve. While, miRNA-155-5p (AUC = 0.68, <i>P</i> value = 0.05) and miRNA-26a-5p (AUC = 0.78, <i>P</i> value = 0.002) had optimal diagnostic accuracy to differentiate UGTB from HCs with a likelihood ratio of > 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The differential expression of uEV-miRNAs, miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-29a-3p in UTGB and UTI cases hold promise in the specific diagnosis of UGTB. Further studies in large cohort are, however, needed to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of these uEV-miRNAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"105208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative outcome analyses of stromal vascular fraction <i>vs</i> nanofat in primary osteoarthritis knee: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial protocol.","authors":"Naveen Jeyaraman, Sandeep Shrivastava, Ravi Velamoor Rangarajan, Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy, Swaminathan Ramasubramanian, Sathish Muthu, Madhan Jeyaraman","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.105973","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.105973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that significantly impairs quality of life and functional mobility. Emerging regenerative therapies, such as stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and nanofat, have demonstrated potential in cartilage repair and symptom alleviation. However, comparative clinical evidence evaluating their efficacy and safety remains limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the clinical outcomes of SVF <i>vs</i> nanofat therapy in patients with primary knee OA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conducted at Mother Cell Regenerative Centre, Trichy, over 18 months (June 2025 to December 2026), the study will enroll 30 patients, randomly assigned to two groups of 15 each. Both interventions will be administered as a single intra-articular injection under sterile conditions, with cell viability (> 85%) confirmed by a standardized assay. Group A will receive autologous SVF injections, while Group B will receive autologous nanofat injections. The primary outcome measure is the change in pain scores at 12 months using the visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes include functional improvement assessed by Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC), and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, cartilage regeneration evaluated <i>via</i> magnetic resonance imaging with colour coded mapping of the cartilage volume (MR cartigram), and monitoring of adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study aims to evaluate pain reduction at 12 months post-injection, using the VAS as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include functional improvement (KOOS, WOMAC, IKDC), cartilage regeneration (T2 cartigram), adverse event incidence, patient satisfaction (standardized questionnaires, Likert scale), and quality of life (EQ-5D). Ethical considerations follow the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice, with IRB approval and participant informed consent ensured. Confidentiality and data security comply with regulations, and a Data Safety Monitoring Board oversees trial safety. Results will be shared via peer-reviewed journals, presentations at international orthopedic conferences, and detailed summaries for stakeholders and participants. The trial is registered under CTRI/2024/03/064076. Findings emphasize patient-centered advancements in knee osteoarthritis management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of SVF and nanofat therapies in knee OA, addressing a significant evidence gap. It employs robust methods to enhance cartilage repair and patient quality of life. Future research should standardize dosages, protocols, and injection techniques, explore autologous/allogenic preparations, and advance radiological tools, broadening accessibility and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"105973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavonoids extract from <i>Vitex negundo</i> inhibit autophagy by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/ULK signaling cascade in cancerous cells.","authors":"Gunjan Garg, Shweta Chaudhary, Kalpana Khatana, Alok Bharadwaj","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.104678","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.104678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vitex negundo</i> (<i>V. negundo</i>), an Indian herb with a rich historical background for the handling of various complaints, is a member of the Verbenaceae family and is characterized by small trees with pale gray bark. This herb is widely used and has been recognized in traditional medicine for its pharmacological effects on a wide range of diseases. All sections of the plant, but particularly the leaves, contain a variety of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, glycoside iridoids, tannins, and terpenes. The system is included in a number of store-bought herbal preparations and has the potential to function as an efficient bio-committee. Cancer continues to be a major cause of death and morbidity in spite of the intervention. One of the leading causes of death is cancer, and current therapies can have unpleasant side effects. Unhindered reactions, resistance to traditional cancer medications, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and restricted access to tumor tissue are some of the reasons why treatment frequently fails. To reduce side effects, increase chemotherapy sensitivity, and slow the spread of cancer, new approaches are required. Small food molecules have been suggested in numerous research as supplemental therapies for cancer patients. The effectiveness of the flavonoid-rich <i>V. negundo</i> extract in treating cancer was assessed mechanically in this investigation. Total flavonoids have been isolated for qualitative phytochemical investigation using <i>V. negundo</i> ethanolic extract. This article highlights significant developments in this field and explores how flavonoids contribute to the targeted suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in different cancer types.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"104678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the intricate interactions between microbiota and host.","authors":"Aiysha Siddiq Khan, Mohan Kamthan, Asghar Ali","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.101277","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.101277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review examines the intricate relationship between the microbiota and its host, highlighting how these microbial communities influence various physiological functions beyond simple coexistence. The microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system, metabolism, and overall health. We explore the diverse microbial populations inhabiting different body regions and their essential contributions to maintaining balance within the host. Recent research has uncovered molecular mechanisms that govern microbiota-host interactions, offering new insights into how these microbes support health and, conversely, how imbalances known as dysbiosis can increase susceptibility to diseases. While much attention has been given to the gut microbiota, this review also explores the influence of microbes in other parts of the body, including their effects on various organs and tissues. Additionally, we discuss emerging evidence on the gut-brain axis, illustrating how the microbiota can impact brain function and behavior. Understanding this connection could open new possibilities for treating neurological and psychological disorders. Finally, we evaluate microbiota-based therapies such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, emphasizing the importance of personalized approaches. By integrating findings from multiple disciplines, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on the microbiota's vital role in human health and its potential as a therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"101277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction: A systematic review.","authors":"Anish Kumar, Chander Kumar, Ajay Kumar, Simran Kumari, Aneela, Rahul Rai, Aman Kumar, Kapeel Kumar, Gyaneshwari, Hina Aslam, Inshal Jawed, Farah Alam, Syed Ali Farhan Abbas Rizvi, Muhammad Umair, Agha Mw Mirza","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.105485","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.105485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with concomitant renal dysfunction. Anticoagulation therapy reduces the risk of thromboembolic complications in AF but presents challenges in patients with renal impairment due to altered pharmacokinetics and increased bleeding risk.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To support clinicians in navigating the complexities of anticoagulation in this high-risk population, ensuring optimal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present review followed PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction was conducted using a standardized template that captured key study characteristics: Population demographics, renal function metrics, anticoagulant dosing strategies, and primary and secondary outcomes. For quality assessment, we employed the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for randomized controlled trials. Observational studies were appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyze data from 16 studies to provide recommendations on optimal anticoagulation strategies, balancing thrombotic and bleeding risks. Current evidence supports the preferential use of apixaban in moderate chronic kidney disease and cautiously in end-stage renal disease, emphasizing the importance of individualized therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The management of anticoagulation in AF patients with renal dysfunction is challenging but critical for reducing stroke risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"105485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotoxic damage assessment using the micronucleus assay in buccal mucosa of different types of smokers: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Efraín Álvarez-Martínez, Iván E Porto-Puerta, Carlos M Ardila","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108025","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking is a leading cause of carcinogenesis in the head and neck region, representing a critical public health issue. Identifying genotoxic damage in smokers can provide valuable insights for developing preventive interventions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess genotoxic damage through the micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from users of conventional tobacco, reverse smoking, cannabis, electronic cigarettes, and non-smokers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 participants divided into five groups: 20 conventional tobacco smokers, 20 reverse smokers, 20 electronic cigarette users, 20 cannabis users, and 20 non-smokers. Exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were analyzed using Giemsa and Papanicolaou staining to identify micronuclei (MN) as markers of genotoxic damage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MN were present in 86% of the samples. Statistically significant differences were observed in the median micronucleus count between conventional, reverse, and electronic cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers (<i>P</i> < 0.001), while no significant difference was found for cannabis smokers (<i>P</i> = 0.89). A significant correlation was identified between the presence of oral lesions and micronucleus count (<i>P</i> = 0.03). Regression analysis ruled out alcohol as a confounding factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified genotoxic damage associated with various smoking habits, except for cannabis use, highlighting the need for public health interventions to reduce smoking and mitigate its genotoxic effects. These findings provide a foundation for future research and the implementation of preventive policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"108025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-epileptic medication induced disturbed calcium-vitamin D metabolism: A behavioral analysis using association rule mining technique.","authors":"Pradeep K Dabla, Kamal Upreti, Divakar Singh, Anju Singh, Vinod Puri, Adina E Stanciu, Nafija Serdarevic, Damien Gruson","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.104799","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.104799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a lack of study on vitamin D and calcium levels in epileptic patients receiving therapy, despite the growing recognition of the importance of bone health in individuals with epilepsy. Associations one statistical method for finding correlations between variables in big datasets is called association rule mining (ARM). This technique finds patterns of common items or events in the data set, including associations. Through the analysis of patient data, including demographics, genetic information, and reactions with previous treatments, ARM can identify harmful drug reactions, possible novel combinations of medicines, and trends which connect particular individual features to treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the evidence on the effects of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) on calcium metabolism and supplementing with vitamin D to help lower the likelihood of bone-related issues using ARM technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ARM technique was used to analyze patients' behavior on calcium metabolism, vitamin D and anti-epileptic medicines. Epileptic sufferers of both sexes who attended neurological outpatient and in patient department clinics were recruited for the study. There were three patient groups: Group 1 received one AED, group 2 received two AEDs, and group 3 received more than two AEDs. The researchers analyzed the alkaline phosphatase, ionized calcium, total calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D levels, or parathyroid hormone values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 150 patients, aged 12 years to 60 years, were studied, with 50 in each group (1, 2, and 3). 60% were men, this gender imbalance may affect the study's findings, as women have different bone metabolism dynamics influenced by hormonal variations, including menopause. The results may not fully capture the distinct effects of AEDs on female patients. A greater equal distribution of women should be the goal of future studies in order to offer a complete comprehension of the metabolic alterations brought on by AEDs. 86 patients had generalized epilepsy, 64 partial. 42% of patients had AEDs for > 5 years. Polytherapy reduced calcium and vitamin D levels compared to mono and dual therapy. Polytherapy elevated alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ARM revealed the possible effects of variables like age, gender, and polytherapy on parathyroid hormone levels in individuals taking antiepileptic medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"104799"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrinogen superfamily proteins: Key regulators in hepatic disorders.","authors":"Rong-Hui Qu, Yi Rong, Wen-Zhe Ni, Xing-Lin Huang, Yi-Zhuo Chen, Hai-Fang Li","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.106677","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.106677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver diseases including hepatic injury, hepatitis, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma have emerged as critical public health challenges globally. The fibrinogen (FG) superfamily proteins, primarily comprising FG, FG-like protein (FGL) 1, and FGL2, have been demonstrated to exert regulatory effects on hepatic tissue regeneration, lipid metabolism homeostasis, and oncogenic processes in hepatocytes. This review systematically examines the pathophysiological correlations between FG superfamily members and major hepatic disorders. Physiologically, FG superfamily proteins function as hepatoprotective mediators through their intrinsic capacity to enhance hepatic parenchymal regeneration and extracellular matrix remodeling. However, emerging evidence reveals their dual regulatory properties, whereby overactivation of these hepatokines paradoxically induces a pathological shift characterized by pro-inflammatory cascades, metabolic derangement potentiation, and tumor invasion and metastasis promotion. Specifically, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying their involvement in hepatitis progression, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease pathogenesis, and hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we highlight their therapeutic potential in hepatic disease management, particularly emphasizing that targeting the FGL1/lymphocyte activation gene 3 immune checkpoint axis represents a novel paradigm in precision cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"106677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concordance of programmed death-ligand 1 expression assessments determined <i>via</i> two immunohistochemical tests and the polymerase chain reaction method.","authors":"Marina A Senchukova, Natalia V Saidler, Evgeniya Yu Zubareva, Alexander B Prokofiev, Dmitry G Tagabilev","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108984","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We previously demonstrated that the antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 (PDCD1 LG1) is a promising new marker of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression that correlates with both breast cancer (BC) clinicopathological characteristics and tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy. However, the concordance of PDCD1 LG1 expression scoring with immunohistochemical (IHC) tests approved for clinical use and with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has not been previously studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the concordance of methods for assessing PD-L1 expression, IHC tests with anti-PD-L1 (PDCD1 LG1) and anti-PD-L1 (SP142) antibodies and PCR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective single-center observational cohort study included 148 patients with BC. PD-L1 expression in immune cells was assessed by the IHC method with anti-PD-L1 (PDCD1 LG1) and anti-PD-L1 (SP142) antibodies and by PCR. The concordance of PD-L1 scores between tests was assessed with positive percentage agreement (PPA) and negative percentage agreement (NPA). The strength of the agreement between the methods was calculated <i>via</i> the Cohen kappa index. <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regardless of the method used to assess marker expression, PD-L1 expression was significantly more often detected in patients with negative estrogen receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive (HER2+) status, luminal B HER+ BC, nonluminal HER+ BC and triple-negative BC. PPA and NPA were 38.3% and 70.4%, respectively, for PD-L1 (PDCD1 LG1) and PD-L1 (SP142); 26.3% and 63.3%, respectively, for PD-L1 (PDCD1 LG1) and PD-L1 (PCR); and 36.5% and 74.4%, respectively, for PD-L1 (SP142) and PD-L1 (PCR). Cohen's kappa index for PD-L1 (PDCD1 LG1) and PD-L1 (SP142) was 0.385 (95%CI: 0.304-0.466), that for PD-L1 (PDCD1 LG1) and PD-L1 (PCR) was 0.207 (95%CI: 0.127-0.287), and that for PD-L1 (SP142) and PD-L1 (PCR) was 0.389 (95%CI: 0.309-0.469).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, all three markers of PD-L1 expression are associated with the characteristics of aggressive BC, demonstrating moderate concordance between the tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"108984"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple probiotic combination effect on metabolic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters in diabetic population: Systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Vishal P Dubey, Jignesh J Kansagra, Bhargav K Kamani, Varun P Sureja","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108467","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes is an epidemic condition affecting people globally with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. While various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are used, diabetes is still a non-treatable condition. Constant attempts are made to identify newer therapies that could support better management of the diabetes condition and improve overall quality of life. Numerous studies have supported the potential role of probiotics therapy in the diabetes condition.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of triple probiotic combination on glycaemic, metabolic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters in the diabetic population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of the triple probiotic combination in diabetic patients were identified. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale while biasness between and within the studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software, and sensitivity analysis was performed using OpenMeta Analyst software. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024530999).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five good-quality clinical trials were included. Low-to-moderate risk of bias was observed. Data from 300 participants were included (150 participants in both groups). Probiotics supplementation significantly improved glycaemic and insulin parameters (glucose level: -23.86 mg/dL; insulin level: -5.02 µIU/mL; HOMA-IR: -1.82 score; QUICKI: +0.02 score; HOMA-B: -16.30 score; <i>P</i> < 0.05 for all parameters), reduced oxidative stress and improved antioxidant parameters [TAC: +92.55 mmol/L; glutathione (GSH): +40.55 μmol/L; nitric oxide (NO): +6.45 μmol/L; malondialdehyde (MDA): -0.48 μmol/L; hs-CRP: -2.24 mg/L; <i>P</i> < 0.05 for all parameters except GSH], and improved lipid parameters (total cholesterol (TC): -3.43 mg/dL; triglycerides (TG): -4.26 mg/dL; low-density lipoprotein: -4.62 mg/dL; very low-density lipoprotein: -0.83 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein (HDL): +1.83 mg/dL; TC/HDL ratio: -0.25; <i>P</i> < 0.05 for HDL and TC/HDL ratio parameters) compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of <i>L. acidophilus</i>, <i>L. casei</i>, and <i>B. bifidum</i> is effective in diabetic patients with cardio/renal complications. Further well-designed studies are warranted to support the results of current research.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"108467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}