Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"Study on Prevalence of Ixodid Ticks of Goats and Acaricide Utilization Practices of Herd Owners in Benatsemay District, South Omo Zone, South-Western Ethiopia.","authors":"Temesgen Kifle,&nbsp;Mesfin Mathewos,&nbsp;Haben Fesseha,&nbsp;Aschenaki Abate,&nbsp;Amanuel Wolde","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S324484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S324484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ticks are major health problems of goats that contribute to a significant economic loss in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study using a systematic random sampling technique was conducted to determine the prevalence, potential risk factors of hard ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of goats, and the acaricide utilization practice of herd owners in the Benatsemay district.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 285 examined goats, 85.26% of goats were found infested by <i>Rhipicephalus</i> and <i>Amblyomma</i> tick genera. The body condition score of goats was the only factor that was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) associated with tick infestations. The frequently identified tick species were <i>Rhipicephalus pulchellus</i> (14.38%), <i>Rh. decoloratus</i> (11.22%), <i>A. cohaerens</i> (5.26%) and <i>A. variegatum</i> (4.21%), and mixed infestation (38.59%). Herd owner's questionnaire survey revealed that 100% of interviewees responded that tick infestations were frequently encountered throughout the year and prevailed on aged goats (90%) and dry season (60%). Concurrent usage of ethnomedicinal plants and conventional acaricides were dominant practices to control tick infestation as responded by 60% of interviewees. Among the conventional acaricides, Diazinon and Ivermectin were the most practiced acaricides as replied by 90% of the respondents. Moreover, community animal health workers (CAHWs) (43.33%) and owners themselves (33.33%) were primarily responsible for acaricide application to tick-infested animals. About 66.67% of the livestock owner's responses also disclosed that diazinon was the most effective acaricide followed by ivermectin (16.67%) and amitraz (6.67%). Finally, 56.57% of the respondents replied that acaricidal drugs from private veterinary drug shops were overpriced than the same acaricides from government veterinary clinics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, there was a high prevalence of hard ticks in goats, and irrational application of acaricides was noted in the Benatsemay district; thus, appropriate tick control measures should be taken to minimize tick burden through using acaricides.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"225-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/fb/vmrr-12-225.PMC8453172.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39443232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chicken Ascariasis and Heterakiasis: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors, in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Abrham Ayele Tsegaye,&nbsp;Abeba Adino Miretie","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S323284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S323284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chicken nematodes are found all over the world. Ascaris and Heterakis are among the cosmopolitan chicken nematodes. In different parts of Ethiopia, these parasites have long been thought to be the leading cause of illness and loss of productivity. However, there has been little research on their burden in Gondar city; hence, this study was carried out to establish a realistic estimate of the prevalence of Ascariasis and Heterakiasis in chickens.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Gondar city, North West Ethiopia, from November 2019 to May 2020 to evaluate the prevalence and different related risk factors of chicken Ascaris and Heterakis infections. A total of 384 hens were tested utilizing the faecal flotation technique, with 170 native and 214 alien varieties. During the collection of faecal samples, the breed, age, production system, and feces consistency of chickens were all taken into account.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred seventy-one (44.5%) of the total (384) investigated feces tested positive for at least one of these parasite illnesses. The parasite's prevalence was influenced by age, breed, and the type of production technique used. A higher infection rate was observed in the younger (68.9%) indigenous (67.1%) chickens reared under the extensive production system (46.9%).</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of ascariasis and heterakiasis was nearly half percent in this study, even though the study was conducted in dry season, which is relatively unfavorable to parasites living in the environment and it specified only on the two common chicken ascaris nematodes. This study strongly suggested that Ascaris and Heterakis parasites were serious problems for chickens in Gondar city, and appropriate control strategies needed to be advised.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"217-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/45/vmrr-12-217.PMC8435031.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39416821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Development and Challenges in Inducing Long-Lasting Immunity: Trends and Current Perspectives.","authors":"Ambaye Kenubih","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S319761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S319761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious viral disease of livestock caused by foot and mouse disease virus genus: <i>Aphthovirus</i>, which causes a serious economic impact on both individual farmers and the national economy. Many attempts to advance a vaccine for FMD have failed to induce sterile immunity. The classical methods of vaccine production were due to selective accumulation of mutations around antigenic and binding sites. Reversion of the agent by positive selection and quasi-species swarm, use of this method is inapplicable for use in non-endemic areas. Chemical attenuation using binary ethyleneimine (BEI) protected the capsid integrity and produced a pronounced immunity against the challenge strain. Viral antigens which have been chemically synthesized or expressed in viruses, plasmid, or plants were tried in the vaccination of animals. DNA vaccines expressing either structural or nonstructural protein antigens have been tried to immunize animals. Using interleukins as a genetic adjuvant for DNA vaccines have a promising effect. While the challenges of inducing sterile immunity lies on non-structural (NS) proteins of FMDV which are responsible for apoptosis of dendritic cells and have negative effects on lympho-proliferative responses which lead to transient immunosuppression. Furthermore, destruction of host protein trafficking by nonstructural proteins suppressed CD₈ ⁺ T-cell proliferation. In this review, it tried to address multiple approaches for vaccine development trials and bottle necks of producing sterile immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"205-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ce/96/vmrr-12-205.PMC8420785.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39409721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Impact of Sheep and Goat Pox Lesions on Skin Quality in Selected Ware Houses of Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Ambaye Kenubih,&nbsp;Bedaso Mammo,&nbsp;Getachew Terefe,&nbsp;Tewodros Fentahun","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S305705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S305705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study was performed from January 2016 to May 2017 with the aim of identifying the impact of sheep and goat pox in skin quality in selected localities of central Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 1360 fresh, salted and dried skins were examined and graded. Pox lesion positive skins were examined by PCR to identify the agent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of sheep and goat in the study areas was 4.022%. From a total of 86 rejected skins, a large number of skins were in the rejected category (2.78%). There were highly statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) between sheep and goat pox and species and study areas. However, there were no statically significant associations (p > 0.05) between skin size and sheep and pox. Molecular diagnosis of the case revealed that goat pox virus was responsible for the lesion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Goat pox virus is the main cause of skin rejection and the factor that causes downgrading of skin.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"199-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/72/vmrr-12-199.PMC8379642.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39341574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Dairy Cattle Around Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Shazali Mohammed Awel, Getachew Mulatu Dilba, Bruk Abraha, Demeke Zewde, Bayeta Senbata Wakjira, Abde Aliy","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S317103","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S317103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foot and mouth disease is a debilitating and highly contagious transboundary disease of cattle that can cause a huge economical loss globally. It is a notifiable disease in Ethiopia, and it is thought to be causing a decrease in cattle productivity and production.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study and outbreak investigation were performed to estimate seroprevalence, identify associated factors and serotypes of FMDV in dairy cattle around Addis Ababa. A multi-stage random sampling technique was employed for the selection of sampling units for the seroprevalence study. A total of 383 blood samples were collected using plain vacutainer tubes and the obtained sera were tested by 3ABC-Ab ELISA at the NAHDIC lab. Also, from outbreak cases, 20 epithelial tissue samples were collected purposively for the molecular detection of FMDV serotypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall seroprevalence of FMD in dairy cattle was 72.1% (95% CI=67.27-76.50). The seroprevalence in dairy cattle of Ada Berga, Holeta, and Sululta districts was 97.2%, 71.4%, and 57.6%, respectively. Up on Chi-square analysis, age, body condition, and management system were significantly associated with FMD seroprevalence (p<0.05). Besides, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that district, age, body condition, and management were significantly associated with FMD seroprevalence (p<0.05). The odds of being seropositive to FMD were 6.9 (95% CI=1.8-24.9; p=0.005) and 2.3 (95% CI=1.2-4.7; p=0.01) times higher in cattle found in Ada Berga and Holeta Woreda. From outbreak cases, 18 (90.0%) were identified positive for FMDV serotype O.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study revealed higher seroprevalence was recorded in the study area and associated risk factors identified statically, serotype O of FMDV was identified from outbreak cases. Therefore, it is critical to design and implement feasible control and prevention mechanisms based on the type of circulating virus serotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"187-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/0d/vmrr-12-187.PMC8285296.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39202946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Two Finnish Lapphund Puppies.","authors":"Ming Yi Tse, Ian R Porter, Elena Demeter, Erica Behling-Kelly, Joseph J Wakshlag, Andrew D Miller","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S308418","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S308418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two 8-week-old Finnish Lapphund dogs presented with pain on manipulation, abnormal long bone conformation, retrognathism, and stunted growth compared to their litter mates. Multiple long bone fractures were evident on radiographs. Clinical pathology showed an atypically normal serum alkaline phosphatase activity for dogs this age. Due to poor quality of life, the dogs were humanely euthanized and subjected to a complete necropsy. On necropsy, all bones were soft and easily broken. Histologic examination revealed that the secondary spongiosa was diminished with abnormal bony trabeculae embedded in abundant loose vascular stroma. No Haversian canals were observed and the cortices contained abundant woven bone separated by fibrovascular tissue consistent with the diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Inbreeding of the sire and female offspring led to a suspicion of recessive inheritance and the particular genetic collagen disorder remains to be identified in this breed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"177-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/21/ca/vmrr-12-177.PMC8216744.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39106299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situation Analysis of Varroosis and Tropilaelaps Infestation of Honeybees in Thailand, 2017-2018.","authors":"Tawan Thongsawang,&nbsp;Putthipanya Rueangsom,&nbsp;Khemmapat Boonyo,&nbsp;Vilaiporn Wongphruksasoong,&nbsp;Rapeepong Suphanchaimat","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S306658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S306658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>To explore the prevalence of <i>Varroa destructor</i> and Tropilaelaps infestation in honeybees in Thailand and investigate factors associated with those diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed during 2017-2018. We sampled 144 apiaries in 13 provinces from the surveillance database of the Department of Livestock Development. In total, 1,152 bee samples were collected. A microscopic exam was performed to assess if each sample was infested with <i>Varroa destructor</i> mites and tropilaelaps mites. A chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of <i>Varroa destructor</i> and Tropilaelaps infestation at the apiary level was 50.69% and 32.64%, respectively. At the beehive level, we found that the prevalence of <i>Varroa destructor</i> infestation was 22.74% while that of Tropilaelaps infestation was 6.94%. The northern region saw the highest prevalence of <i>Varroa destructor</i> and Tropilaelaps infestation. Apiaries that received a \"Good Agricultural Practice\" (GAP) certificate from the Bureau of Livestock Standards and Certification, demonstrated a 42% lower chance of contracting both parasitic infestations; however, no statistically significant difference was reported. Apiaries that had a history of chemical use showed approximately 2.7 times greater odds of Tropilaelaps infestation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-6.21) with statistical significance (p = 0.02). The probability of <i>Varroa destructor</i> infestation amongst apiaries with apiary movement was approximately 60% lower than amongst those without apiary movement (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20-0.80, p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Varroa destructor</i> and Tropilaelaps infestations are a critical concern for beekeeping in Thailand. Apiary movement tended to lower the risk of <i>Varroa destructor</i> infestation while chemical use tended to enhance the risk of Tropilaelaps infestation. Further studies that allow a more comprehensive collection of determinants of parasitic infestation in honeybees, for instance, apiary cleaning frequency and farm environments (such as temperature and rainfall), are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/2d/vmrr-12-169.PMC8214108.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39100123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mange Mites of Goats in Malle District of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Haben Fesseha,&nbsp;Esmael Etana,&nbsp;Mesfin Mathewos","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S312360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S312360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mange mites are economically damaging goat ectoparasites that cause skin rejection or downgrading in Ethiopian tanneries and leather industries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study was done on 384 randomly selected goats to identify the proportion of mites and potential associated factors in the Malle district of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia using a cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire investigation was also performed to evaluate the knowledge and preventative measures taken by goat owners during mange mites infection. A skin scraping was employed to collect mange mites for identification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 384 examined goats, 34.6% (133/384) of goats were infected with a variety of mange mite species. <i>Demodex</i> (2.86%), <i>Psoroptes</i> (8.1%), and <i>Sarcoptes</i> (23.7%) were the three mange mite genera identified in three sites of Malle district. Goats with poor body condition score (BCS) were the most infected (43.6%) with mange mites compared with moderate (39.1%) and good body condition (17.3%) goats. Adult goats (37.6%) were more infested than young (32.3%) and old (30.1%), whereas there was a higher infestation in males (60.2%) than females (39.8%). However, age, sex, and BCS of the goats had no significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05) correlation with the occurrence of mange mites. Skin lesion due to mange mites infection was most frequently observed on the head region (26.3%), followed by legs (24.8%) and thoracic region (22.6%). The questionnaire survey indicated that 86.27% of the participants preferred to use modern acaricides to control mange mites, while 97.4% of participants have been involved in government-sponsored deworming programs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mange mites especially <i>Sarcoptes</i> species were major skin problems in goats in the study, so the owners should be advised to improve their management and use mite control in goats regularly in the area.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"159-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/a5/vmrr-12-159.PMC8200143.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39238893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Topical Formulation on Infective Viral Load in Lambs Naturally Infected with Orf Virus.","authors":"Delia Lacasta, Ramses Reina, Marta Ruiz de Arcaute, Luis Miguel Ferrer, Alfredo Angel Benito, Maria Teresa Tejedor, Irache Echeverria, Hector Ruiz, Silvia Martinez Cardenas, Peter Andrew Windsor","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S306355","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S306355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Orf is a highly contagious eruptive viral disease of the skin and mucosa of sheep and goats. Although vaccination with live or attenuated orf virus is the preferred option for disease control, the vaccine is unavailable in many countries. Treatment of orf lesions involves standard hygiene and in numerous cases, management of presumptive secondary infections with antibiotics, increasing risks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The wound dressing formulation Tri-Solfen^® containing two local anaesthetics (lignocaine and bupivacaine), adrenaline and an antiseptic (cetrimide) in a gel formulation was developed for pain relief in sheep undergoing surgical husbandry procedures in Australia. Recently, TS therapy was found to reduce suffering and enhance recovery in cattle and buffalo with oral and skin lesions due to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus infection. It was noted that TS has a low pH and is potentially viricidal, potentially aiding disease control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One-month-old lambs (n=14), naturally infected with orf, were recruited from a farm during a natural outbreak of the disease. The animals were selected at the early stages of the infection and randomly divided into two cohorts: Group A (n=11) treated with the topical wound gel formulation (TS); and Group B (n=3) an untreated control group. Swabs were obtained before treatment (T0) and on days one (T1), 3 (T2) and 5 (T3) post-treatment, then submitted to direct DNA extraction with real-time PCR quantification, plus incubation with primary tissue cultures from ovine skin fibroblasts (OSF) and T-immortalized goat embryonic fibroblasts (TIGEF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although no significant differences were found in the clinical progression of the lesions and PCR quantification (p=0.722) between these small cohorts, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in reduction in infective viral load between the groups when assessed in OSF cell cultures between T0 and T3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preliminary findings suggest that treatment of early stage lesions with this TS may reduce the infective viral load present in orf lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ea/20/vmrr-12-149.PMC8200145.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39238892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Local Borana Cattle Breed and Camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) in Ethiopia.","authors":"Asamenew Tesfaye,&nbsp;Abdi Omer,&nbsp;Abdi Hussein,&nbsp;Abebe Garoma,&nbsp;Chala Guyassa,&nbsp;Jan Paeshuyse,&nbsp;Teshale Sori Tolera","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S305198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S305198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine viral diarrhea, caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), has been considered a disease of cattle but is now emerging in camels. In Ethiopia it has been detected in exotic and cross-bred dairy cattle but no information is available on its occurrence in indigenous cattle breeds and camels. This study was, therefore, conducted to estimate the prevalence of BVDV infection in indigenous Borana cattle and camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) in Moyale and Miesso pastoral districts.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Serological investigation was carried out on 219 cattle from 44 herds and 137 camels from 11 herds in contact with the selected cattle herds in Boranara zone and 348 camels from 41 herds in Shinille zone. The sera samples were tested using a competitive enzyme lnked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) to detect antibodies against p80 protein of BVDV. In addition, all of the cattle sera were tested using antigen detection ELISA for identification of persistent infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 219 cattle tested, 177 (80.82%; 95% CI: 74.97-85.81) were found to be positive for antibodies against BVDV in Moyale district, Borena Zone. The prevalence varied among different age groups and parity. The highest prevalence was observed in cattle aged 8 years and older (84.0%; 95% CI: 69.6-98.4) and in primiparous cattle (85.5%; 95% CI: 76.2-94.8). Two of the 219 cattle tested (0.05%; 95% CI: 0.02-0.08) were found to be positive with antigen detection ELISA. In addition, out of a total of 137 camels tested, two (1.46%; 95% CI: 0.18-5.17) were found to be positive in this district. Among the 348 camels tested, eight (2.29%; 95% CI: 0.99-4.485) were found to be positive for antibodies against BVDV. In conclusion, this study revealed a high prevalence of infection in Borana cattle. In addition, it recorded the occurrence of infection with BVDV in camel herds. None of the camels tested positive for the antigen of BVDV using antigen ELISA.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fe/32/vmrr-12-141.PMC8197621.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39238938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}