Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 1, 2, and 5 in Equids with Signs of Respiratory Disease in Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Tuge Temesgen,&nbsp;Yitbarek Getachew,&nbsp;Haileleul Negussie","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S339042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S339042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Equine herpesvirus (EHV) infections have major economic, health, and welfare impacts on equids. This study was performed in three selected zones of central Ethiopia with the objectives of detecting EHV-1, -2, and -5 in horses and donkeys with suggestive signs of respiratory tract disease and to assess epidemiological risk factors associated with infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 58 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from donkeys and horses showing clinical signs of respiratory disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect EHV-1, -2, and -5. Evaluation of the associated risk factors was conducted using a multivariable logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 58 equids tested, 36 (62%), 31 (53%), and 15 (25%) equids were positive for EHV-1, -2, and -5, respectively. Concurrent infections with EHV-1 and EHV-2 (31%), EHV-1 and EHV-5 (17%), EHV-2 and EHV-5 (15.5%), and EHV-1, -2, and -5 (13%) were recorded. EHV-1 was detected significantly in higher proportion in donkeys (76%; 95% CI: 1.066-2.251; P = 0.047) compared with horses (51.5%). In contrast, horses had fourteen times more likely to be positive for EHV-2 (OR: 13.66; 95% CI: 3.119-59.816; P = 0.001) compared to donkeys. Detection of EHV-1, -2, and -5 was no significant association with age, sex, and body condition score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study revealed the molecular evidence of EHV-1, -2, and -5 infection in donkeys and horses with signs of respiratory disease. It also documented that donkeys and horses have varying levels of susceptibility to EHVs. This species-specific in susceptibility difference to EHVs infections should be further elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"337-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/32/vmrr-12-337.PMC8694401.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39877200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Clinical Response Following a Repeat Intraarticular Injection of Tin-117m (^117mSn) Colloid in Dogs with Elbow Osteoarthritis.","authors":"John Donecker,&nbsp;Jimmy C Lattimer,&nbsp;Lorrie Gaschen,&nbsp;Karanvir Singh Aulakh","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S345144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S345144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if a repeat intraarticular (IA) injection of a tin-117m colloid radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) agent can be safely given in the same joint 12 months after an initial injection for treatment of canine elbow osteoarthritis (OA), and to evaluate the pain reduction effect of the repeat injection.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Nine client owned dogs with grade 1 or 2 elbow OA were given an IA injection of tin-117m colloid in both elbows, one of which had been treated ≤12 months earlier with the same RSO device. Treatment safety was evaluated by joint fluid analysis at baseline (BL) and at 180 days after treatment, and by urinalysis, CBC, and serum chemistry analysis of diagnostic samples obtained at BL and 180 days. Radiographs, computed tomography, and MRI scans were obtained at BL and 180 days to determine if disease progression differed in elbows given one versus two injections. Clinical response to treatment was assessed subjectively by dog owner responses to the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) survey at BL, 90 and 180 days, and objectively by investigator-conducted force plate (FP) analysis of dogs at BL, 90, and 180 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All post-treatment urinalysis, CBC and clinical chemistry results were within normal ranges. Joint fluid analysis showed a significant (P=0.0411) reduction in the percentage of monocytes at 180 days, consistent with the tin-117m colloid mode of action of apoptosis of pro-inflammatory macrophages at the injection site. There was no significant difference in OA progression in elbows given one or two injections. The treatment success rate was 55.5% (5/9) on day 90 as determined either by CBPI responses or FP analysis, and 66.6% (6/9) on day 180 as determined by FP analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tin-117m colloid can be safely given as a repeat injection 12 months after an initial injection, and can potentially provide a durable therapeutic response in dogs with elbow OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"325-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/0f/vmrr-12-325.PMC8691448.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39636580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors in Western Ethiopia.","authors":"Demiso Merga Sima,&nbsp;Debela Abdeta Ifa,&nbsp;Akililu Likasa Merga,&nbsp;Eyob Hirpa Tola","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S338930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S338930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brucellosis is a contagious bacterial disease, which affects domestic animals, humans, and wildlife in Ethiopia and other countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design using a simple random sampling technique was conducted in Diga, Guto, Gida, and Sibu Sire districts of East Wollega Zone, Western Oromia, from November 2019 to July 2020 to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and identify associated risk factors. A lottery method was used during serum collection and risk factors identified during interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1152 serum samples were collected from cattle of 6 months age and above. Serum samples were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). An overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 1.82% (21/1152). Statically significant variation (<i>P</i><0.05) in seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis was recorded among potential risk factors such as breed [<i>P</i>≤0.05; OR:8.905; CI:1.568-50.573], parity [<i>P</i>≤0.05; OR:0.017; CI:0.042-5.195], retained fetal membrane [<i>P</i>≤0.001; OR:0.018; CI:0.00-2.169], and abortion history [<i>P</i>≤0.001; OR:0.030; CI:0.004-0.212]. Conversely, seroprevalence variations in sex, district, villages, body condition score, and age were statistically insignificant (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study revealed bovine brucellosis is posing a threat to livestock with no strict control and prevention scheme in place. Therefore, public awareness creation about the zoonotic importance of the disease is crucial and the Government should establish legislation, support, control, and prevention of the disease recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"317-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/c9/vmrr-12-317.PMC8685761.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39611068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak Investigation and Molecular Detection of Pox Virus Circulating in Sheep and Goats in Selected Districts of West Gojjam and Awi Zones Northwest, Ethiopia.","authors":"Alemzewud Wondimu,&nbsp;Habtamu Tassew,&nbsp;Esayas Gelaye,&nbsp;Yohannes Hagos,&nbsp;Alebachew Belay,&nbsp;Yechale Teshome,&nbsp;Sam Laiju,&nbsp;Getahun Asebe","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S318549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S318549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sheep and goat pox virus (SGPV) is a systemic contagious disease causing extreme illness and death in small ruminants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in West Gojjam and Awi zone of Amhara national regional state Northwest Ethiopia, from November 2018 to May 2019 with the objective of pox virus outbreak investigation and molecular detections in sheep and goats (shoats). The study included clinical examinations of lesions, laboratory analysis, and questionnaire survey. Study locations were selected randomly when an active outbreak was reported and observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 485 small ruminants (303 sheep and 182 goats) suspected of shoat pox were examined for the presence of specific skin lesions, 71 (14.64%) showed pox lesions, 35 (11.55%) sheep and 36 (19.78%) goats, and 24 (4.95%) had died. The study revealed highest morbidity rate in Jawie (31.25%) and Gunagua (14.89%) districts in goats and sheep, respectively. Lowest morbidity rate was recorded in Dega Damot district in sheep (6.45%) and goats (7.14%), respectively. The mortality rate was >1% in all districts except Dega Damot for both species. From a total of 38 tissue samples, 19 samples were selected based on the geographical distribution. All 19 samples (6 sheep and 13 goats) were found to be positive for goat pox virus based on polymerase chain reaction results. The significant risk factors were free animal movements, age, flock size and composition, body condition, vaccination status, and season. The study showed that in the absence of free movement of animals, the disease was less likely to occur (OR = 0.05, CI 95%; 0.02, 0.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The disease was found in higher rate during the dry and short rainy season. Sheep were also found to be infected by goat pox virus. The study indicated that there was widespread sheep and goat pox in Northwest Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"303-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/c0/vmrr-12-303.PMC8665829.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39603462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenicity of Field Marek’s Disease Virus Serotype-1 and Vaccine Efficacy Test in Chicken in Eastern Shewa Ethiopia","authors":"Yasin Mohammed Yimer, Destaw Asfaw Ali, Belayneh Getachew Ayalew, Molalegne Bitew Asires, E. Gelaye","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S332737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S332737","url":null,"abstract":"Background Marek’s disease is a chicken lymphoproliferative viral illness. As new viruses emerge, vaccination immunity is being broken and hence pathogenecity assessment and vaccine evaluation related to the pathogen is critical for developing vaccine immunity in the field. Methods An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the pathogenicity of field isolates against Marek’s disease in antibody-free chicks and to assess the protective efficacy of the Marek’s disease vaccination. The viral isolates in question were discovered during an outbreak investigation for a previous study. The pathogenicity and effectiveness trial used a complete random design. Results In the pathogenicity trial, chickens inoculated with Bishoftu and Mojo field isolate had lower body weight 77.7±3.757 and 78.15±1.95 g at 10 dpi, respectively, when compared to un-inoculated controls, 89.85±3.838 g at 10 dpi. Incidence of early mortality syndrome (35% and 25%), lymphoma (53.8% and 40%), and overall mortality (50% and 45%) between Bishoftu and Mojo isolates, respectively, was discovered. Vaccinations with Herpes virus of turkey challenged chickens were provided complete protection against Marek’s disease. Conclusion Based on the findings in pathogenecity assessment experimental trials, Bishoftu and Mojo isolates were designated as virulent Marek’s disease viruses. Regular vaccinations with Herpes virus of turkey vaccine and supported by biosecurity measures in poultry farms are important to prevent the disease.","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 1","pages":"347 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47622463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Prevalence of Hard Ticks and Their Associated Risk Factors in Small Ruminants of Boloso Sore Districts of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Mesfin Mathewos,&nbsp;Wengelu Welamu,&nbsp;Haben Fesseha,&nbsp;Saliman Aliye,&nbsp;Habtamu Endale","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S336467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S336467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ticks and tick-borne infections are the most serious health threats to small ruminants in Ethiopia, resulting in huge economic losses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study using a simple random sampling technique was conducted to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors of hard ticks in small ruminants of the Boloso Sore district of Wolaita Zone. Ticks were identified to species level under a stereomicroscope using morphological identification keys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a total of 400 examined animals, 68.75% (275/400) of them were infested with hard ticks with the respective prevalence of 69.09% (152/220) in goats and 68.33% (123/180) in sheep. A total of 1192 (552 males and 640 females) adult ixodid ticks that belong to a total of four species, which were grouped under three genera: <i>Amblyomma, Hyalomma</i>, and <i>Rhipicephalus</i>, and one subgenus; <i>Boophilus</i> were collected from the head, ear, under tail and legs of goats and sheep. In this study, <i>Amblyomma variegatum</i> 44.97% (536/1192) was found to be the most abundant tick species followed by <i>Boophilus decoloratus</i> 30.79% (367/1192), <i>Rhipicephalus pulchellus</i> 20.47% (244/1192), and <i>Hyalomma truncatum</i> 3.77% (45/1192). The sex, age, and body condition score of animals with a high prevalence of hard ticks showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Male ticks dominated females in all cases except for <i>Boophilus decoloratus</i>. There was no statistically significant relationship (p > 0.05) between tick infestation and animal origin or species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ticks were the most significant production and health constraints for small ruminants in the study region. Therefore, the increasing threat of ticks of small ruminants warrants urgent strategic application of acaricides and the creation of awareness among livestock owners to prevent and control tick infestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/8c/vmrr-12-293.PMC8594895.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39755333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine Trypanosomiasis Epidemiology and Tsetse Fly Density in Jimma Arjo District, East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.","authors":"Debela Abdeta Efa","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S336585","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S336585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine trypanosomosis remains a vital livestock disease and constraint which is intimidating livestock health and production, regardless of ongoing tsetse and trypanosomosis control struggles in Jimma Arjo district, East Wollega zone, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out with the objective of determining prevalence of cattle trypanosomiasis and apparent tsetse fly density in six randomly selected peasant associations of Jimma Arjo District from April 2018 to January 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From overall 819 arbitrarily selected cattle (n= 36; 4.39%), infection rate was recorded. Selected animals were invariably infested with different trypanosome species among which <i>Tryapanosoma congolense</i> (80.55%) was the most common, followed by <i>T. vivax</i> (11.11%), <i>T. brucei</i> (5.55%) respectively. Co-infection of <i>T. vivax</i> and <i>T. congolense</i> accounted for 2.77% of total infection rate. This finding indicates a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among good, medium, and poor body condition animals with respect to Tryapanosomosis infection rate. Poor body condition animals were highly infected with trypanosome parasite as compared to medium and good body condition score animals. This study shows statistically significant association was obtained between mean packed cell volume (PCV) and trypanosomiasis infection rate (P<0.05). The lower mean PCV value (21.14%) were highly affected as compared with high mean PCV value animals (25.26%). The result of entomological survey, by using mono pyramidal traps deployed near animal grazing field and rivers of selected peasant association (PA), showed presence of four <i>Glossina</i> species namely <i>Glossina morsitans</i>, <i>G. pallidipes</i>, <i>G. tachinoides</i>, and <i>G. fuscipes</i> with high fly density per trap in Meta PA. Higher catches of <i>G. fuscipes</i> were registered as compared to other vectors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Generally, this study indicated the disease is still a main problem for livestock health and production in the study area and it necessitates disease and tsetse fly control.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1d/d5/vmrr-12-285.PMC8565986.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39687337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis and Associated Risk Factors in Dairy Farms of Modjo Town and Suburbs, Central Oromia, Ethiopia.","authors":"Haben Fesseha,&nbsp;Mesfin Mathewos,&nbsp;Saliman Aliye,&nbsp;Amanuel Wolde","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S323460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S323460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the global dairy industry, mastitis is the main economic significant disease of cattle. Milk and other dairy outputs are scarce in developed countries, including Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional investigation in the Modjo district, milk samples were collected aseptically from 384 randomly selected lactating cattle to investigate the prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis and determine the possible risk factors and isolate bacterial pathogens causing mastitis. Besides, clinical mastitis cases have been reported by veterinarians based on milk, udder, or systemic cow anomalies, whereas the presence of subclinical mastitis was determined using California Mastitis Test (CMT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research revealed that subclinical mastitis (71.02%) is more prevalent in dairy farms of the study area than in the clinical type (28.9%). The quarter-level frequency was 36.9%; from which, 34.9% and 3.4% were from subclinical form and blind teat, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the frequency of mastitis in lactating cows (p < 0.05) and factors, such as breed, age, body condition score, herd size, milking mastitic cow at the end, and previous mastitis history. The dominant mastitis-causing agents isolated in this study were <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (40.3%), <i>Streptococcus</i> species (24.3%), Coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> (12.5%), <i>E. coli</i> (8.3%), <i>Staphylococcus hyicus</i> (3.5%), and <i>Staphylococcus intermedius</i> (1.4%). The high occurrence of mastitis, particularly sub-clinical mastitis, revealed significant economic potential losses in dairy farms in the research district.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, appropriate measures aimed at increasing the understanding and hygiene milking methods of dairy farmers, routine monitoring for subclinical mastitis, dry cow therapy, and culling of chronically contaminated cows to reduce bovine mastitis and its impact on milk production and food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"271-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/39/ec/vmrr-12-271.PMC8517530.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39540677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and Efficacy Evaluation of Vero Cell-Adapted Infectious Bursal Disease Virus LC-75 Vaccine Strain.","authors":"Wakjira Kebede,&nbsp;Molalegne Bitew,&nbsp;Fufa Dawo Bari,&nbsp;Bedaso Mammo Edao,&nbsp;Hawa Mohammed,&nbsp;Martha Yami,&nbsp;Belayneh Getachew,&nbsp;Takele Abayneh,&nbsp;Esayas Gelaye","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S326479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S326479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an avian viral pathogen that causes infectious bursal disease (IBD) of chickens. The disease has been endemic in Ethiopia since 2002, and vaccination has been practiced as the major means of disease prevention and control. An IBD vaccine is produced in Ethiopia using primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell, which is time-consuming, laborious, and uneconomical. The present study was carried out to develop cell-based IBDV LC-75 vaccine using Vero cells and to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity and protection level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Identity of the vaccine seed was confirmed with gene-specific primers using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Confluent monolayer of Vero cells was infected with vaccine virus and serial passage continued till passage 10. A characteristic virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed starting from passage 2 on the third day post-infection. The infectious titer of adapted virus showed a linear increment along the passage level. The virus-induced specific antibody was determined using indirect ELISA after vaccination of chicks through ocular route.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The antibody titer measured from Vero cells vaccinated chicks revealed similar level with the currently available CEF cell-based vaccine, hence no significant difference. Chicks vaccinated with Vero cell adapted virus showed complete protection against very virulent IBDV, while unvaccinated group had 60% morbidity and 25% mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that the IBDV vaccine strain well adapted on Vero cells and found to be immunogenic induces antibody development and successfully protects chicks against challenge with the circulating field IBDV isolate. Hence, it is recommended to produce IBD vaccine using Vero cell culture at the industrial scale to conquer the limitations caused by using CEF cells and thus to vaccinate chicks population to protect against the circulating IBDV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"261-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7d/e6/vmrr-12-261.PMC8493110.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39503759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological Investigation of Newcastle Disease in Selected Districts of Buno Bedelle Zone, Ethiopia.","authors":"Tamirat Mamo,&nbsp;Lama Yimer","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S327892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S327892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Newcastle disease causes considerable loss in the poultry industry worldwide and its outbreaks are regularly reported from all continents of the world, including Ethiopia. The investigation was conducted from October 2020 to June 2021 to determine the prevalence of Newcastle disease (ND) in districts selected from Buno Bedele zone, Western Oromia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study design used was a cross-sectional type. For this study, a total of 480 serum samples were collected as per sample collection guideline from randomly selected chickens that were apparently healthy and had no history of vaccination against Newcastle disease. Indirect ELISA was performed and all data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From serological investigation, overall seroprevalence of Newcastle disease was 30%. Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease was 34.94%, 22.22%, and 31.76% in Didessa, Chora, and Gachi districts, respectively. Among computed risk factors, breed showed statistically significant difference and the odds of infection were lower in adult than in young chickens. Similarly, the odds of infection with Newcastle disease virus were significantly higher in crossbred than in locally bred backyard chickens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed Newcastle disease was prevalent in the study areas; therefore, regular investigation of Newcastle disease should be conducted along with detailed studies on molecular characterization of circulating field strains in the area.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"253-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/43/23/vmrr-12-253.PMC8488029.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39491705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}