Uirusu Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.74.17

Reona Shiro, Ikuo Tsunoda

{"title":"[HPV vaccinations and cervical cancer in Japan: Flaws in alleged experimental evidence for molecular mimicry and animal models of HPV vaccine-induced \"adverse reactions \"].","authors":"Reona Shiro, Ikuo Tsunoda","doi":"10.2222/jsv.74.17","DOIUrl":"10.2222/jsv.74.17","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, around 3,000 females have died of cervical cancer annually. Cervical cancer is caused by sexually transmitted infections of the human papillomavirus (HPV); it is preventable by vaccinations against oncogenic HPV types, such as types 16 and 18. In Japan, the proactive recommendations for HPV vaccinations were suspended in June 2013 due to public concerns about neuropsychological \"diverse symptoms\" following HPV vaccinations. The suspension resulted in the vaccination rate less than 1% among the eligible population. In April 2022, the Japanese government resumed the proactive HPV vaccination recommendations after 9 years of the suspension. Many Japanese people, however, still have concerns about the \"diverse symptoms\" as adverse reactions following HPV vaccinations. In this article, we critically evaluated the manuscripts cited in the HPV vaccine lawsuits in Japan, including computational and animal studies, which have been used as the theoretical basis for how HPV vaccinations could induce the \"diverse symptoms.\" We concluded that all the manuscripts had scientific flaws, which should not be used to prove that HPV vaccinations could induce the adverse reactions. We wish that our current evaluation would contribute to eliminating baseless concerns about HPV vaccines, eventually increasing the rate of HPV vaccinations in Japan.","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"74 1","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[National BioResource Project (NBRP), Human Pathogenic Viruses]. [国家生物资源计划（NBRP），人类致病病毒]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.74.149

Takaaki Kinoshita, Keita Matsuno, Takeshi Kobayashi, Akihisa Kato, Yasushi Kawaguchi, Jiro Yasuda

引用次数: 0

[JSV Virus Nomenclature Working Group Report 2024: Backgrounds, Tasks and Roles.] [JSV病毒命名工作组报告2024：背景、任务和角色。]

Uirusu Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.74.141

Nobuhiro Suzuki, Yasumasa Iwatani, Keita Matsuno, Hidekazu Nishimura, Tokiko Watanabe, Masao Yamada

{"title":"[JSV Virus Nomenclature Working Group Report 2024: Backgrounds, Tasks and Roles.]","authors":"Nobuhiro Suzuki, Yasumasa Iwatani, Keita Matsuno, Hidekazu Nishimura, Tokiko Watanabe, Masao Yamada","doi":"10.2222/jsv.74.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2222/jsv.74.141","url":null,"abstract":"The virus nomenclature working group (VNWG) was launched to officially fix Japanese names of important viruses under the Japanese Society for Virology (JSV) in 2022. VNWG first determined the priority viruses for the society and called opinions from many experts and relevant scientific societies. Its finalized list, now publicized in the JSV official web page <http://jsv.umin.jp/news/news241125.html >, includes plant viruses ⁄viroids occurring⁄occurred in Japan, algal and fungal viruses associated with Japan, pathogenic human and animal viruses. In principle, a sole Japanese name was assigned to each of these viruses, and shown under the corresponding taxonomical species in the Virus Metadata Resources (VMR_MSL39_v1) issued by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). In this article, we also touched three marked modifications in recent virus taxonomy of the ICTV: 1) adoption of a binominal system into the virus species names, 2) development of higher ranks, such as realm and kingdom, of virus taxa, and 3) approval of virus species based only upon coding-complete genomic sequences without any biological data. Also introduced in this article are what background was behind the launching of VNWG, what VNWG discussed and what issues VNWG recognized. We hope that our attempts and efforts contribute to establish the \"grammar of virology\": virus nomenclature and taxonomy in Japanese communication.","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"74 2","pages":"141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Current situations and future issues surrounding rabies in Japan and other countries]. [日本和其他国家狂犬病的现状和未来问题]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.74.1

Naoto Ito, Akira Nishizono

{"title":"[Current situations and future issues surrounding rabies in Japan and other countries].","authors":"Naoto Ito, Akira Nishizono","doi":"10.2222/jsv.74.1","DOIUrl":"10.2222/jsv.74.1","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is a viral infectious disease affecting the central nervous system that is generally transmitted from mammals such as dogs. This disease is characterized by a long incubation period (a few months on average) and a high mortality rate of almost 100%. While there are highly effective rabies vaccines, no reliable treatment has been established to date. In Japan, the disease was successfully eradicated in 1957 as a result of exhaustive control measures including vaccination of dogs in accordance with the Rabies Prevention Law. Since then, Japan has continued to take rabies control measures based on this law, which are stricter than international standards. On the other hand, there have been a total of four imported human rabies cases found in Japan. The fourth imported case confirmed in Toyohashi City in May 2020 is still fresh in our minds. In April 2022, special measures were taken to quarantine dogs brought by evacuees from Ukraine to Japan, and many people expressed concern about the introduction of rabies into Japan. More recently, in February 2024, a dog that bit several people in Gunma Prefecture did not receive the shots required by the Rabies Prevention Law, and there was strong concern about rabies and the risk of its occurrence. In this article, we focus on rabies, which has recently attracted a great deal of attention, and describe the nature of this infectious disease. We also outline the current situations of rabies control and medical care in Japan and other countries and discuss the future issues.","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Pathogenicity and transmissibility of cow-derived H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses]. [牛源性H5N1高致病性禽流感病毒的致病性和传播性]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.74.117

Tadashi Maemura, Yoshihiro Kawaoka

{"title":"[Pathogenicity and transmissibility of cow-derived H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses].","authors":"Tadashi Maemura, Yoshihiro Kawaoka","doi":"10.2222/jsv.74.117","DOIUrl":"10.2222/jsv.74.117","url":null,"abstract":"The H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of clade 2.3.4.4b emerged in Europe during 2020-2021 and rapidly spread worldwide via migratory birds, causing outbreaks in poultry, wild birds, and wildlife. Sporadic cases of human infection, likely resulting from close contact with infected animals, have been reported. In March 2024, clinical signs (e.g., reduced feed intake, altered milk quality, and decreased milk production) were observed in dairy cattle on a farm in Texas, USA, where H5N1 HPAIV was subsequently isolated. By December 2024, infections had been reported in dairy cattle across 15 states in the USA. Cases of infection have also been documented in cats near affected farms and in humans suspected of exposure through contact with infected cattle or chickens that acquired the virus from cattle. These developments have raised concerns about the potential for further transmission of H5N1 HPAIV to humans. In recent studies, H5N1 HPAIV strains isolated from cattle and humans exhibited high pathogenicity in mice and ferrets. Furthermore, ferret studies showed efficient transmission via respiratory droplets. This unprecedented spread of H5N1 HPAIV among mammals raises concerns about the emergence of a virus capable of efficient human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets. Continued global surveillance of infection dynamics is essential to mitigate this potential public health threat.","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"74 2","pages":"117-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Development of human iPS cell-derived alveolar and airway models using micropatterning plate for SARS-CoV-2 research]. [利用微图板开发人类iPS细胞衍生的肺泡和气道模型用于SARS-CoV-2研究]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.74.35

Rina Hashimoto, Atsushi Masui, Shimpei Gotoh, Kazuo Takayama

{"title":"[Development of human iPS cell-derived alveolar and airway models using micropatterning plate for SARS-CoV-2 research].","authors":"Rina Hashimoto, Atsushi Masui, Shimpei Gotoh, Kazuo Takayama","doi":"10.2222/jsv.74.35","DOIUrl":"10.2222/jsv.74.35","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced cell culture systems including human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and organoids enable the generation of intricate structural and functional organ models in vitro. Application of these advanced cell culture systems to research on a wide range of diseases including infectious diseases is underway. Due to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, advanced cell culture systems in the virus research field are rapidly becoming popular. Respiratory models generated using human iPS cells and organoid technology are useful for analyzing respiratory cell responses caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, there is still room for the development of an apical-out model, which is essential for simple virus infection experiments, and a model that can analyze host responses in the alveoli and airways. In this study, we developed human iPS cell-derived alveolar and airway models with an apical-out structure by using a micropatterning plate. In the alveolar model, we confirmed that this model contains abundant type II alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells, which are the target cells of SARS-CoV-2 in the alveoli. In the airway model, we confirmed that this model contains abundant ciliated cells, which are the target cells of SARS-CoV-2 in the airway. Using our alveolar and airway models, we can analyze the differences in infection efficiency and host response of each SARS-CoV-2 variant. We hope that the human iPS cell-derived alveolar and airway models generated using a micropatterning plate will be used to analyze not only SARS-CoV-2 but also a wide range of respiratory viruses.","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"74 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[The current situation of H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in wild birds and mammals]. [H5高致病性禽流感病毒在野生鸟类和哺乳动物中的现状]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.74.107

Takahiro Hiono, Norikazu Isoda, Yoshihiro Sakoda

引用次数: 0

[Control of infectious virus shedding through mucosal antibody response following SARS-CoV-2 infection]. [SARS-CoV-2感染后粘膜抗体反应对传染性病毒脱落的控制]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.74.29

Sho Miyamoto, Tadaki Suzuki

引用次数: 0

[Creation of enveloped viral replica equipped with SARS-CoV2 spike protein]. [制造带有SARS-CoV2刺突蛋白的包膜病毒复制品]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.74.159

Kazunori Matsuura, Hiroto Furukawa