Uirusu最新文献 - Book学术

[Study on the pathogenicity and tropism of positive-strand RNA viruses]. 正链RNA病毒的致病性和嗜性研究。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.75.59

Tomokazu Tamura

{"title":"[Study on the pathogenicity and tropism of positive-strand RNA viruses].","authors":"Tomokazu Tamura","doi":"10.2222/jsv.75.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2222/jsv.75.59","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the emerging and re-emerging viral diseases that have caused global outbreaks in recent years -such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), dengue fever, Zika virus disease, and COVID-19 -are caused by positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses. This review focuses on members of the Flaviviridae family, a diverse group of +ssRNA viruses that exhibit distinct host and tissue tropisms, and summarizes our recent efforts to elucidate the molecular determinants underlying their pathogenicity and tropism. By refining reverse genetics systems that enable precise manipulation of viral genomes, we have uncovered the functional roles of specific viral proteins in pathogenesis through experimental infections using animal models that recapitulate disease phenotypes. In addition, by analyzing structural variations within viral genomes, we successfully identified key elements responsible for determining viral specificity. We have also developed innovative viral reporter assays that incorporate advanced imaging technologies, enabling real-time visualization of viral dynamics in vivo and facilitating diagnostic applications. This review integrates these findings to provide insights into how pathogenicity and tissue tropism evolve through repeated interspecies transmission, and discusses the potential of such approaches as a foundational platform for future infectious disease research and countermeasures.","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"75 1","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Exploration and Functional Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus Pathogenic Factors Using a Multidimensional Approach]. [基于多维方法的eb病毒致病因子探索与功能分析]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.75.73

Takahiro Watanabe

引用次数: 0

[Epidemiology of measles in Japan]. [日本麻疹流行病学]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.75.23

Keiko Tanaka-Taya

{"title":"[Epidemiology of measles in Japan].","authors":"Keiko Tanaka-Taya","doi":"10.2222/jsv.75.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2222/jsv.75.23","url":null,"abstract":"As of May 2025, measles outbreaks have been occurring worldwide. Japan has reported the highest number of cases since the beginning of the COVID-19. Unvaccinated measles cases are highly contagious and at high risk for serious illness, so it is important to ensure that children receive the live attenuated measles-rubella (MR) vaccine as soon as they become one year old. Additionally, the second routine immunization coverage rate must be raised to 95% or higher among five-to six- year-old children (one year before entering elementary school). For elementary school students and older individuals, it is important to check the vaccine records showing two doses of a measles-containing vaccine administered at or after one year of age. Those born on or after April 2, 1990, had the opportunity to receive two routine vaccinations; however, their records must be checked to confirm receipt. We also recommend checking vaccination records before traveling abroad. Additionally, rapid active epidemiological surveillance should be conducted in the event of a single measles case. Emergency vaccination within 72 hours of exposure for susceptible individuals may prevent the disease. For individuals ineligible for vaccination, health insurance covers the prevention of severe disease through an intramuscular injection of human immunoglobulin within six days of exposure. The most important measure is prophylaxis prior to exposure to the measles virus.","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"75 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Structural diversity among animal-derived hepatitis B virus receptor homologues and its significance on determining infection host range]. [动物源性乙型肝炎病毒受体同源物结构多样性及其在确定感染宿主范围中的意义]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.75.39

Kaho Shionoya, Koichi Watashi

引用次数: 0

[Elucidation of virus-host interaction using animal models towards vaccine development]. [利用动物模型阐明病毒-宿主相互作用用于疫苗开发]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.75.51

Hiroshi Ishii

引用次数: 0

[The HIV-Tocky System for Visualizing the Multilayered Dynamics of HIV-1 Latent Infection]. [用于可视化HIV-1潜伏感染多层动态的hiv - toky系统]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.75.35

Omnia Reda, Yorifumi Satou

引用次数: 0

[Lumpy Skin Disease]. [结节性皮肤病]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.75.1

Mizuki Watanabe, Mitsutaka Ikezawa, Takehiro Kokuho, Kazuki Morioka

{"title":"[Lumpy Skin Disease].","authors":"Mizuki Watanabe, Mitsutaka Ikezawa, Takehiro Kokuho, Kazuki Morioka","doi":"10.2222/jsv.75.1","DOIUrl":"10.2222/jsv.75.1","url":null,"abstract":"Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a viral disease affecting cattle and water buffaloes, caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV). Infected animals typically develop numerous sikn nodules across the body, along with clinical signs such as fever, decreased milk production, and abortion. The nodular skin lesions and necrotic, detached tissues (sit-fast) contain high concentrations of the virus and, due to the virus's high environmental stability, serve as important sources of horizontal transmission. However, LSDV transmission is primarily mediated by blood-feeding arthropod vectors such as biting midges, stable flies, and ticks. Therefore, vector control measures are essential for preventing the incursion of LSD into farms. Live attenuated vaccines are effective and is widely used for the prevention of the disease; however, in many affected countries the disease has not been eradicated. In Asia, since the first outbreak in China in 2019, LSD has continued to spread in Southeast and East Asian countries. In Japan, the first case was confirmed in a daily farm in Fukuoka Prefecture in November 2024. Although no new cases have been reported since January of this year (as of June 20), ongoing outbreaks in neighboring countries indicate that the risk of reintroduction remains high.","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"75 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Measles virus]. 麻疹病毒。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.75.13

Fumio Seki, Makoto Takeda

{"title":"[Measles virus].","authors":"Fumio Seki, Makoto Takeda","doi":"10.2222/jsv.75.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2222/jsv.75.13","url":null,"abstract":"Measles virus is the pathogen that causes measles and is highly infectious. Measles virus uses two molecules as viral receptors: signaling lymphocytic activation molecule, expressed on immune cells, and nectin-4, expressed on epithelial cells. Usage of these receptors is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of measles. Although it remains a leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide, measles elimination is being promoted by the availability of a highly effective live attenuated vaccines. Due to the elimination of measles in many countries, the circulating measles genotypes have been reduced to two, B3 and D8, in recent years. Therefore, in addition to genotyping using the conventional 450-nucleotide N gene region, new methods such as wholegenome sequencing and analysis of the M-F non-coding region are being tested for case association and outbreak tracking. Although measles virus is a single serotype, there are genomic differences among genotypes, including variations in B-cell and T-cell epitopes. However, current live attenuated vaccines remain sufficiently effective against all genotypes. On the other hand, the maintenance of protective immunity in vaccinees may become increasingly important, since vaccine-induced immunity tends to wane over time unlike the more durable immunity following natural infection.","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"75 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Effects of aging and inflammation on antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses that protect against severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection]. [衰老和炎症对SARS-CoV-2感染后抗原特异性CD8+ t细胞反应的影响]。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.75.47

Takuto Nogimori, Takuya Yamamoto

引用次数: 0

[SCARB2, one of the receptors for enterovirus A71, is not expressed on the cell surface.] 肠病毒A71的受体之一SCARB2不在细胞表面表达。

Uirusu Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.74.153

Yorihiro Nishimura

引用次数: 0