UirusuPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.139
Takao Masuda, Gota Kawai
{"title":"[Integrase and reversetranscriptase: New insights into the HIV genome replication system in line.]","authors":"Takao Masuda, Gota Kawai","doi":"10.2222/jsv.73.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2222/jsv.73.139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) are retrovirus enzymes to convert virus genomic RNA into provirus DNA state in host cells. The RT and IN encoded tandemly in the pol gene, are translated as a fused form and incorporated into the virus particles. Recently, we discovered the potential role of HIV-1 IN to regulate the reverse transcription through the fused state with RT (RT-IN). On the other hand, analysis of HIV-1 transcripts have revealed the variations in number of guanine residue at the 5' end (5'G) due to fluctuations in the transcription initiation point within HIV-1 provirus DNA. Importantly, the number of 5'G dictates the packaging of HIV genome RNA into virus particles serving as a template for the reverse transcription reaction. In this review, we provide new insights into the mechanism of HIV genome replication based on our recent findings of the structural-functional correlation of HIV enzymes (RT and IN) and virus genomic RNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"73 2","pages":"139-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UirusuPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.153
Saya Moriyama
{"title":"[Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2].","authors":"Saya Moriyama","doi":"10.2222/jsv.73.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2222/jsv.73.153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that infects humans and causes respiratory symptoms, resulting in a global pandemic since its appearance in 2019. Neutralizing antibody production is an important immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a great deal of research has been performed regarding the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, SARS-CoV-2 is constantly changing and multiple amino acid reconstitutions accumulated in the spike protein enabled viruses to escape from immune responses, especially from neutralizing antibodies. In this review, the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of escape variants, and the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies will be introduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"73 2","pages":"153-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
UirusuPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2222/jsv.72.167
UirusuPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.105
Keita Matsuno
{"title":"[Research on tick-borne bunyaviruses].","authors":"Keita Matsuno","doi":"10.2222/jsv.73.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2222/jsv.73.105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the identification of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and its pathogen, a tick-borne bunyavirus, SFTS virus, there has been increasing interest in emerging viral infections caused by previously unknown viruses in ticks. This study aims to develop a comprehensive detection method for tick-borne bunyaviruses, conduct genetic analysis, isolate the detected viruses, and perform biological characterization. Through these studies, novel tick-borne bunyaviruses that have caused or may cause emerging infectious diseases were discovered. Tick-borne infections often occur sporadically, making their occurrence difficult to recognize. Therefore, continuous exploration of viruses in ticks and assessment of their potential risks causing human and animal diseases is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":75275,"journal":{"name":"Uirusu","volume":"73 1","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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