Agronomy Journal最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of carbon and nitrogen stocks in soil and soil organic matter fractions in an alley cropping system under a northern temperate climate","authors":"Émilie Maillard,&nbsp;David Rivest,&nbsp;Jérôme Laganière,&nbsp;Denis A. Angers,&nbsp;Martin H. Chantigny","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70459","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alley cropping, combining tree rows with wide alleys for agricultural crops, has demonstrated variable potential to store additional carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil, compared to conventional cropping. Studies quantifying C and N in particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) are scarce, despite their importance in understanding soil C accumulation and N cycling. The study aimed to quantify differences in C and N stocks in POM, MAOM, and whole soil in the 0- to 80-cm soil profile, between a 10-year-old alley cropping system (50 trees ha⁻¹), a tree-free agricultural control, and an adjacent mature forest, under a northern temperate climate. Spatial heterogeneity of soil C and N stocks in alley cropping was also assessed. In the 0- to 10-cm soil layer, C and N stocks were lower in alley cropping than in the forest. In the 10- to 20-cm layer, they were greater under alley cropping than in the control. When considering the 0- to 20-cm soil layer, C stock in alley cropping was numerically 34% greater (+1.26 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) than in the control, with 80.5% of the additional C stored as MAOM. Within the alley cropping system, C and N stocks in the 0- to 10-cm soil layer were generally greater under the tree row than in the cultivated alley, with most of the additional C and N stored as POM. In these cultivated soils, where soil organic matter losses may persist for decades following deforestation and pasture-to-cropland conversion, implementation of alley cropping could offset C losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical recommendations for researchers engaging in on-farm research","authors":"Hannah Rodgers,&nbsp;Emma Link,&nbsp;Chandan Shilpakar,&nbsp;Erin Jackson,&nbsp;Lauren M. Porensky,&nbsp;Grace L. Miner,&nbsp;Brian Sebade","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70467","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Though on-farm research is crucial for addressing agricultural needs, it presents challenges that can derail projects if not addressed. Unlike small plot or greenhouse studies, on-farm research evaluates tradeoffs in real-world systems, offers access to diverse environments, and relies on farmer–researcher collaboration. The resilience and productivity of our agricultural systems depend on continual experimentation and innovation, and successful on-farm projects empower farmers to evaluate and adopt practices that support social, financial, and ecological well-being. However, implementing research on working farms and coordinating among diverse viewpoints comes with significant complexities. In this paper, we identify four main challenges in on-farm research: (1) Meeting the different needs and goals of farmers and researchers, (2) coordinating and accounting for time and resource needs, (3) maintaining clean data and experimental design, and (4) managing risks related to reputation, data sovereignty, power imbalances, biases, and accountability. We detail how these challenges can be addressed through thoughtful planning before, during, and after an on-farm project and offer examples from our own work. For instance, farmers and researchers should make decisions collaboratively, include outcomes relevant to both parties, maintain flexibility, and set clear, reasonable expectations. Researchers should simplify experimental designs where possible, educate themselves on transdisciplinary research ethics, and hold regular meetings to address issues. This paper offers practical recommendations to help researchers avoid common pitfalls in order to promote successful farmer–researcher partnerships that advance agricultural adaptation for a resilient future.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing winter canola integration into soybean cropping systems through relay intercropping","authors":"Marinda De Gier,&nbsp;François J. Tardif,&nbsp;Joshua Nasielski,&nbsp;Peter J. Smith,&nbsp;Sydney Meloche,&nbsp;Alyssa Thibodeau,&nbsp;Meghan Moran,&nbsp;Brian Caldbeck,&nbsp;Eric R. Page","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70460","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Winter canola (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) has the potential to enhance the sustainability of soybean‑based cropping systems when integrated as a relay‑intercropped winter oilseed. A critical factor for successful overwinter survival is timely seeding that allows sufficient rosette development before dormancy. This study evaluated relay intercropping across eight environments in southwestern Ontario during the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 growing seasons, testing three winter canola planting dates and two seeding methods (broadcast vs. planted). A complementary experiment assessed the effect of soybean plant population density on system performance. Early winter canola planting significantly increased grain yield (up to 3.6 Mg ha⁻¹) compared with late planting (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.02), but was associated with a non-significant (∼8%–10%) reduction in soybean yield at some site‑years (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.06), a magnitude that may still be agronomically or economically relevant. Seeding method significantly affected fall canola establishment, with planted treatments producing higher fall plant densities than broadcast seeding across most environments (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Although later planting dates often resulted in higher fall stand counts, they also experienced greater winterkill (up to 65%) and lower canola yields (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). Soybean plant population density did not significantly affect fall canola establishment among soybean‑planted treatments; however, fallow plots had higher fall stands (<i>p </i>&lt; 0.001). Lower soybean densities reduced winterkill (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.03) and increased winter canola yield (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). Overall, results indicate that relay intercropping can successfully integrate winter canola into soybean systems when planting date, seeding method, and soybean density are optimized. Targeted management strategies that balance fall establishment with overwinter survival are essential to maximize system productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating the yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) by optimizing the sowing window using the CSM-CROPGRO-Cowpea model in the savannas of Nigeria","authors":"Reuben Solomon,&nbsp;Alpha Y. Kamara,&nbsp;Abdullahi I. Tofa,&nbsp;Jibrin M. Jibrin,&nbsp;Osagie B. Eseigbe,&nbsp;Lucky Omoigui,&nbsp;Musibau A. Abiodun","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70450","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determining optimal sowing windows for cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L. Walp) in Nigeria's Sudan and Sahel savannas is critical for improving rainfed productivity. This study used the CROPGRO–Cowpea model in the decision support system for agrotechnology transfer to identify optimal sowing windows for improved cowpea varieties across these agroecological zones. The model was calibrated using nine field trials conducted between 2016 and 2021 in Abuja, Zaria, and Dambatta, with genetic coefficients estimated for FUAMPEA 1 and FUAMPEA 3 using GenCalc. Model performance was evaluated using five independent population density trials (2016–2018) in Dambatta and Zaria, employing root mean square error (RMSE), normalized RMSE (nRMSE), and the d-index. The model showed strong performance, with low RMSE, nRMSE below 10%, and d-index values ranging from 0.84 to 0.97. The validated model was applied to simulate cowpea performance across four locations in the Sudan (Azare and Kafin Madaki) and Sahel (Maigatari and Minjibir) agroecological zones using eight sowing windows at weekly intervals from June 24 to August 18 over a 36-year period (1989–2024). Results showed that sowing between late June and early July consistently produced the highest yields across locations. FUAMPEA 3 generally outperformed FUAMPEA 1 under early sowing, whereas FUAMPEA 1 showed greater yield stability under delayed sowing. Yield reductions of up to 80%–100% occurred when sowing was delayed beyond mid-July. Overall, late June to mid-July represents the optimal sowing period across the savannas, and cultivar-specific responses should inform climate-smart sowing recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-of-season corn stalk analysis as a tool to fine-tune potassium and nitrogen management","authors":"Gabriela Andrade L. Mengez,&nbsp;Gerson L. Drescher,&nbsp;Trenton L. Roberts,&nbsp;Jason P. Kelley,&nbsp;Michael P. Popp,&nbsp;Alden D. Smartt,&nbsp;Qamar Sarfaraz,&nbsp;Lincon Stefanello","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) requires proper nutrient management for optimal growth, and tissue testing plays an important role in refining recommendations. Corn stalk nitrate test (CSNT) is used to evaluate nitrogen (N) management; however, a comparable plant-based diagnostic tool for potassium (K) is lacking. This study evaluated extractants for stalk-K and explored K sufficiency threshold concentrations for furrow-irrigated corn production in Arkansas. Eight field trials were conducted across Arkansas in 2023 and 2024, on silt loam soils with very low (&lt;61 mg K kg⁻¹), low (61–90 mg K kg⁻¹), and optimum (131–175 mg K kg⁻¹) soil-test K to evaluate corn yield response to K fertilization (0, 37, 75, 112, 149, and 186 kg K ha⁻¹). Stalk samples (15–35 cm sections above the soil surface) were collected at physiological maturity and extracted with deionized water and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) to measure K and nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) concentrations. Stalk-K concentrations consistently increased in response to K fertilization. Deionized water extraction was effective for K and NO₃-N analysis, whereas CaCl₂ produced inflated K values that were weakly related to yield but remained suitable for NO₃-N analysis. Water extractable stalk-K concentration was significantly associated with relative grain yield (<i>R</i>² = 0.54, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), supporting the preliminary definition of deficient (&lt;3353 mg K kg⁻¹), optimum (3353–7142 mg K kg⁻¹), and excessive (&gt;7142 mg K kg⁻¹) stalk-K concentration thresholds for irrigated corn production. Our results show corn stalk analysis could be an additional tool for evaluating K and N management in irrigated corn systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Occurrence of oidium in cowpea influenced by cropping system and planting season”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70462","url":null,"abstract":"<p>do Nascimento, L. A., Barros, J. R. A., da Silva, J. L., Hamada, E., Melo, N. F. d., &amp; Angelotti, F. (2026). Occurrence of oidium in cowpea influenced by cropping system and planting season. <i>Agronomy Journal</i>, <i>118</i>, e70393. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70393</p><p>A co-author's name in the byline and Author Contributions section was misspelled. It has been corrected from <i>Natoniel Flanklin Melo</i> to <i>Natoniel Franklin de Melo</i>.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of headland on soybean yield","authors":"Abraham Hauser,&nbsp;Manuel Marcaida III,&nbsp;Jodi Letham,&nbsp;Quirine M. Ketterings","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70457","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Field headlands typically yield less than the rest of the field due to factors including greater soil compaction, increased risk of weather damage, and tree shading, among others. Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.) yield monitor data from 2009 to 2024 were collected, checked for data quality, and then evaluated to determine yield difference between headland and non-headland areas. In addition, data were analyzed to evaluate the impact of field length, perimeter trees, and rainfall on yield differences. Average headland yield per hectare was 14% lower than yield in non-headland areas at both the field and farm level. Average non-headland yield was higher than average headland yield in 87% of fields and mean headland impact on production across all fields was −4.2%. Smaller fields, lower yielding fields, and fields with a larger headland to non-headland ratio were impacted most by lower yields in the headland areas. The larger the perimeter of the field, the smaller the impact of headland yields on overall field yield. However, length of field-adjacent tree cover was strongly correlated with negative headland impact on production, especially in smaller fields. Average values for headland impact on production across the 15 years of data varied from −2.1% to −6.1%, with no correlation between rainfall totals and headland impact on production. We conclude that New York soybean growers may consider adjusted management of soybean planted in headland areas but should evaluate actual yield loss to direct efforts to fields with the greatest negative impact from lower yields in the headlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148322398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"118 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148065723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"118 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148046862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"118 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148065725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}