The journal of cardiovascular aging最新文献

{"title":"Gut microbiota in sarcopenia and heart failure.","authors":"Chia-Feng Liu,&nbsp;W H Wilson Tang","doi":"10.20517/jca.2022.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/jca.2022.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenia is common in aging and in patients with heart failure (HF) who may experience worse outcomes. Patients with muscle wasting are more likely to experience falls and can have serious complications when undergoing cardiac procedures. While intensive nutritional support and exercise rehabilitation can help reverse some of these changes, they are often under-prescribed in a timely manner, and we have limited insights into who would benefit. Mechanistic links between gut microbial metabolites (GMM) have been identified and may contribute to adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cardio-renal diseases and aging. This review will examine the emerging evidence for the influence of the gut microbiome-derived metabolites and notable signaling pathways involved in both sarcopenia and HF, especially those linked to dietary intake and mitochondrial metabolism. This provides a unique opportunity to gain mechanistic and clinical insights into developing novel therapeutic strategies that target these GMM pathways or through tailored nutritional modulation to prevent progressive muscle wasting in elderly patients with heart failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":75051,"journal":{"name":"The journal of cardiovascular aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9311382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SRF and Yap1, partners in cardiac repair.","authors":"Maha Abdellatif","doi":"10.20517/jca.2022.23","DOIUrl":"10.20517/jca.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75051,"journal":{"name":"The journal of cardiovascular aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9629335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40665393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide: the gas that fuels longevity.","authors":"Erik A Blackwood,&nbsp;Christopher C Glembotski","doi":"10.20517/jca.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/jca.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The molecular determinants of lifespan can be examined in animal models with the long-term objective of applying what is learned to the development of strategies to enhance longevity in humans. Here, we comment on a recent publication examining the molecular mechanisms that determine lifespan in worms, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>), where it was shown that inhibiting protein synthesis increased levels of the transcription factor, ATF4. Gene expression analyses showed that ATF4 increased the expression of genes responsible for the formation of the gas, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Further examination showed that H₂S increased longevity in <i>C. elegans</i> by modifying proteins in ways that stabilize their structures and enhance their functions. H₂S has been shown to improve cardiovascular performance in mouse models of heart disease, and clinical trials are underway to test the effects of H₂S on cardiovascular health in humans. These findings support the concept that nutrient deprivation, which slows protein synthesis and leads to ATF4-mediated H₂S production, may extend lifespan by improving the function of the cardiovascular system and other systems that influence longevity in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":75051,"journal":{"name":"The journal of cardiovascular aging","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9912355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9259065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deletion of the <i>Lmna</i> gene in fibroblasts causes senescence-associated dilated cardiomyopathy by activating the double-stranded DNA damage response and induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype.","authors":"Leila Rouhi, Gaelle Auguste, Qiong Zhou, Raffaella Lombardi, Melis Olcum, Kimia Pourebrahim, Sirisha M Cheedipudi, Saman Asghar, Kui Hong, Matthew J Robertson, Cristian Coarfa, Priyatansh Gurha, Ali J Marian","doi":"10.20517/jca.2022.14","DOIUrl":"10.20517/jca.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mutations in the <i>LMNA</i> gene, encoding Lamin A/C (LMNA), are established causes of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The phenotype is typically characterized by progressive cardiac conduction defects, arrhythmias, heart failure, and premature death. DCM is primarily considered a disease of cardiac myocytes. However, LMNA is also expressed in other cardiac cell types, including fibroblasts.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of the study was to determine the contribution of the fibroblasts to DCM caused by LMNA deficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The <i>Lmna</i> gene was deleted by crossing the platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-Cre recombinase (<i>Pdgfra-Cre</i>) and floxed <i>Lmna</i> (<i>Lmna</i> ^F/F) mice. The LMNA protein was nearly absent in ~80% of the cardiac fibroblasts and ~25% of cardiac myocytes in the <i>Pdgfra-Cre:Lmna</i> ^F/F mice. The <i>Pdgfra-Cre:Lmna</i> ^F/F mice showed an early phenotype characterized by cardiac conduction defects, arrhythmias, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, and premature death within the first six weeks of life. The <i>Pdgfra-Cre:Lmna</i> ^{wild type/F} (<i>Lmna</i> ^W/F) mice also showed a similar but slowly evolving phenotype that was expressed within one year of age. RNA sequencing of LMNA-deficient and wild-type cardiac fibroblasts identified differential expression of ~410 genes, which predicted activation of the TP53 and TNFA/NFκB and suppression of the cell cycle pathways. In agreement with these findings, levels of phospho-H2AFX, ATM, phospho-TP53, and CDKN1A, markers of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, were increased in the <i>Pdgfra-Cre:Lmna</i> ^F/F mouse hearts. Moreover, expression of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase was induced and levels of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) proteins TGFβ1, CTGF (CCN2), and LGLAS3 were increased as well as the transcript levels of additional genes encoding SASP proteins in the <i>Pdgfra-Cre:Lmna</i> ^F/F mouse hearts. Finally, expression of pH2AFX, a bonafide marker of the double-stranded DNA breaks, was increased in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from the <i>Pdgfra-Cre:Lmna</i> ^F/F mouse hearts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Deletion of the <i>Lmna</i> gene in fibroblasts partially recapitulates the phenotype of the LMNA-associated DCM, likely through induction of double-stranded DNA breaks, activation of the DDR pathway, and induction of expression of the SASP proteins. The findings indicate that the phenotype in the LMNA-associated DCM is the aggregate consequence of the LMNA deficiency in multiple cardiac cells, including cardiac fibroblasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":75051,"journal":{"name":"The journal of cardiovascular aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9311325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficient <i>Lmna</i> in fibroblasts: an emerging role of non-cardiomyocytes in DCM.","authors":"Xinjie Wang,&nbsp;Weijia Luo,&nbsp;Jiang Chang","doi":"10.20517/jca.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/jca.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"LMNA gene encodes intermediate filament proteins Lamin A/C. Lamin A and Lamin C polymerize to form nuclear lamina, mainly located in the inner layer of the nuclear envelope. As an essential component of the nuclear envelope, Lamins are necessary for nuclear structural integrity and participate in chromatin organization, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage response [1] . By far, LMNA has the largest and most","PeriodicalId":75051,"journal":{"name":"The journal of cardiovascular aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9450693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33454792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STEMIN and YAP5SA synthetic modified mRNAs regenerate and repair infarcted mouse hearts.","authors":"Siyu Xiao, Rui Liang, Emilio Lucero, Bradley K McConnell, Zhishi Chen, Jiang Chang, Stephen Navran, Robert J Schwartz, Dinakar Iyer","doi":"10.20517/jca.2022.20","DOIUrl":"10.20517/jca.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The adult heart lacks the regenerative capacity to self-repair. Serum response factor (SRF) is essential for heart organogenesis, sarcomerogenesis, and contractility. SRF interacts with co-factors, such as NKX2.5 and GATA4, required for cardiac specified gene activity. ETS factors such as ELK1 interact with SRF and drive cell replication. To weaken SRF interactions with NKX2.5 and GATA4, one mutant, SRF153(A3) named STEMIN, did not bind CArG boxes, yet induced stem cell factors such as NANOG and OCT4, cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation, and cell cycle reentry. The mutant YAP5SA of the Hippo pathway also promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and growth.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Infarcted adult mouse hearts were injected with translatable STEMIN and YAP5SA mmRNA to evaluate their clinical potential.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Mice were pulsed one day later with alpha-EDU and then heart sections were DAPI stained. Replicating cells were identified by immuno-staining against members of the DNA replisome pathway that mark entry to S phase of the cell cycle. Echocardiography was used to determine cardiac function following infarcts and mRNA treatment. To monitor cardiac wall repair, microscopic analysis was performed, and the extent of myocardial fibrosis was analyzed for immune cell infiltration. Injections of STEMIN and YAP5SA mmRNA into the left ventricles of infarcted adult mice promoted a greater than 17-fold increase in the DAPI stained and alpha-EDU marked cardiomyocyte nuclei, within a day. We observed de novo expression of phospho-histone H3, ORC2, MCM2, and CLASPIN. Cardiac function was significantly improved by four weeks post-infarct, and fibrosis and immune cell infiltration were diminished in hearts treated with STEMIN and YAP5SA mmRNA than each alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>STEMIN and YAP5SA mmRNA improved cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in left ventricles of infarcted adult mice. The combinatorial use of mmRNA encoding STEMIN and YAP5SA has the potential to become a powerful clinical strategy to treat human heart disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":75051,"journal":{"name":"The journal of cardiovascular aging","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9311335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10717542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasting confers stress resistance to skeletal muscle stem cells through non-metabolic actions of β-hydroxybutyrate: implications in cardioprotection and aging.","authors":"Junichi Sadoshima","doi":"10.20517/jca.2022.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/jca.2022.24","url":null,"abstract":"Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":75051,"journal":{"name":"The journal of cardiovascular aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9311383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutant SRF and YAP1 remodel the chromatin to entice cardiac myocyte nuclear division.","authors":"Ali J Marian","doi":"10.20517/jca.2022.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/jca.2022.25","url":null,"abstract":"© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.","PeriodicalId":75051,"journal":{"name":"The journal of cardiovascular aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9311337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic basis of cardiovascular aging is at the core of human longevity","authors":"A. Marian","doi":"10.20517/jca.2022.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/jca.2022.06","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is an archetypical complex process influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Genetic variants impart a gradient of effect sizes, albeit the effect sizes seem to be skewed toward those with small effect sizes. On one end of the spectrum are the rare monogenic premature aging syndromes, such as Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome, whereby single nucleotide changes lead to rapidly progressive premature aging. On the end of the spectrum is the complex, slowly progressive process of living to an arbitrary-defined old age, i.e., longevity. Whereas the genetic basis of rare premature aging syndromes has been elucidated, only a small fraction of the genetic determinants of longevity and life span, time from birth to death, have been identified. The latter point to the complexity of the process and involvement of myriad of genetic and non-genetic factors and hence, the diluted effect of each determinant on longevity. The genetic discoveries point to the involvement of the DNA damage and activation of the DNA damage response pathway, particularly in the premature aging syndromes. Likewise, the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1/mTOR/FOXO pathways have emerged as major regulators of life span. A notable fraction of the genetic variants that are associated with life span is also associated with age-related cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and dyslipidemia, which places cardiovascular aging at the core of human life span. The clinical impact of the discoveries pertains to the identification of the pathways that are involved in life span, which might serve as targets of interventions to prevent, slow, and even possibly reverse aging.","PeriodicalId":75051,"journal":{"name":"The journal of cardiovascular aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47476567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermophiles reveal the clues to longevity: precise protein synthesis.","authors":"Manisha Deogharia,&nbsp;Priyatansh Gurha","doi":"10.20517/jca.2021.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/jca.2021.38","url":null,"abstract":"Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":75051,"journal":{"name":"The journal of cardiovascular aging","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9912815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10765794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}