Rare Metals最新文献

{"title":"Past, present, prospect: AI-driven evolution of low-dimensional material design for sustainable environmental solutions","authors":"Bo-Ru Su,&nbsp;Jian-Qiao Liu,&nbsp;Dan Zhao,&nbsp;Di Wu,&nbsp;Chu-Qiao Hu,&nbsp;Pei-Lun Qiu,&nbsp;Ya-Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Ce Fu,&nbsp;Qian-Ru Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03631-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03631-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low-dimensional materials have attracted significant interest for their unique properties, including high surface area, confined but tunable electronics and superior catalysis, making them ideal for environmental applications. Their potential to address key challenges in solar energy conversion and in-situ remediation highlights their importance in advancing environmental sustainability. However, traditional methods of low-dimensional material design face significant obstacles, such as scalability limitations, high computational costs, and the inherent difficulty in accurate prediction of material properties, underscoring the need for innovative approaches. Here, we demonstrate an AI-driven evolution of low-dimensional material design for sustainable environmental solutions, from the traditional techniques in the past, through the present transition to computational approaches, to the prospect where AI-enabled strategies exhibit the supremacy. This review covers properties of low-dimensional materials and the fundamental design principles, emphasizing the pivotal role of deep learning in optimizing and accelerating design of advanced functional materials. Further explorations focus on their applications for sustainable environmental solutions, including pollution remediation, water purification, nitrogen fixation, CO₂ reduction as well as hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide production. Ultimately, the key challenges and future trends are identified in the aspects of algorithm, intelligence and scalability for environmental applications. This work offers a comprehensive overview on the evolution pathway of design strategies for low-dimensional materials driven by AI methodology, demonstrating transformative insights that not only accelerate the discovery of low-dimensional materials, but also motivate the environmental applications in various domains.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9671 - 9701"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Fe-based catalysts for heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions: from nanoparticles to clusters and single-atom catalysts","authors":"Jiang-Feng Li,&nbsp;Yu-Xuan Shi,&nbsp;Li-Shuang Wei,&nbsp;Sang Sang,&nbsp;Xiao-Xin Xia,&nbsp;Sheng-You Li,&nbsp;Yu-Zhen Liu,&nbsp;Kai-Ying Zhao,&nbsp;Guang-Tao Zan","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03612-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03612-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heterogeneous Fenton-like technology, a prominent advanced oxidation process, has gained widespread use in wastewater treatment for the removal of contaminants. The performance of this technology is highly dependent on the catalyst materials employed. Iron-based catalysts have attracted considerable attention due to their tunable properties, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, challenges such as inadequate catalytic activity and the dissolution of iron species have limited their practical effectiveness. To address these challenges, various novel iron-based materials have been developed, ranging from diverse iron compounds to iron-based composites on different substrates, and from iron nanoparticles to iron clusters and single-atom catalysts (SACs). This review systematically examines the latest advancements in heterogeneous iron-based catalysts, focusing on two main categories: iron-based nanoparticle catalysts and iron-based clusters/SACs. We delve into the relationship between catalyst structures and catalytic performance in Fenton-like reactions, such as the nature of the substrate, catalyst size, and the interfacial interaction between the catalyst and the substrate. By emphasizing recent progress and existing limitations, this review aims to provide valuable insights for the future development and application of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts for Fenton-like reactions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9588 - 9636"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasensitive chemical detection using amorphous MoS ₂ decorated NiS core–shell structures on nickel foam","authors":"Hongquan Xu, Xiangdong Meng, Baizhi Li, Ming Gao","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03608-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-025-03608-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive analytical technique extensively employed in bioanalysis, chemical sensing, and environmental monitoring. Transition metal sulfides, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and nickel sulfide (NiS), exhibit significant potential as SERS substrates, but their performance is often constrained by limited exposure of active sites and inefficient charge transfer, especially in complex sample matrices. In this study, we address these challenges by employing a hydrothermal strategy to synthesize amorphous MoS 2 nanoshells in an urchin‐like MoS 2 ‐NiS core–shell structure grown on nickel foam (A‐MoS 2 /NiS/NF). Further enhancement was realized via neodymium doping, yielding the x Nd‐A‐MoS 2 /NiS/NF. The optimized 0.015Nd‐A‐MoS 2 /NiS/NF substrate demonstrated a high enhancement factor (EF) of 1.56 × 10 9 for methylene blue (MB) and a detection limit as low as 10 –12 M. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that neodymium doping substantially increases the density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level, thereby enhancing charge transfer and amplifying the Raman signal. The 0.015Nd‐A‐MoS 2 /NiS/NF substrate also exhibited high sensitivity in detecting melamine in real milk samples, confirming its practical applicability. By effectively addressing the challenges of active site exposure and charge transfer in MoS 2 and NiS‐based SERS substrates, this work significantly advances the practical application of transition metal sulfides in SERS. This development paves the way for the broader deployment of these materials in environmental and bioanalytical detection, presenting a promising strategy for improving the sensitivity and versatility of SERS‐based sensors.","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10379-10389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147900695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered Hf0.7Ti0.3O2 nanoparticles for efficient radiotherapy on rectal cancer via synergistically enhanced radiation deposition and ROS production","authors":"Juan Du, Yong-Long Ye, Chao Xie, Jun Luo, Kaiwei Xu, Yabing Sun, Liangxue Lai, Wenzhi Ren, Junming Guo, Aiguo Wu, Kaitai Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03595-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-025-03595-2","url":null,"abstract":"Preoperative radiotherapy is a cornerstone of treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, but intrinsic tumor cell radio resistance remains a primary obstacle limiting therapeutic efficacy. Herein, for the first time, we successfully constructed Hf0.7Ti0.3O2@PEG (HT) nanoparticles by introducing titanium (Ti) into hafnium dioxide (HfO2). These HT nanoparticles synergistically combined the superior X-ray energy deposition capability of Hf and the efficient radiation-induced ROS generation performance of Ti, leading to a 1.4-fold higher ROS yield compared to HfO2. Moreover, HT nanoparticles significantly enhanced radiosensitivity by inducing extensive DNA damage and oxidative stress in tumor cells. This resulted in a tumor inhibition rate of 87.7% ± 2.1% in mouse models. Notably, HT nanoparticles enabled a marked reduction in radiation dose while maintaining therapeutic efficacy and safety, overcoming the major limitation of conventional HfO2 nanoradiosensitizers in ROS generation. This study presents a promising new approach for rectal cancer radiotherapy and holds significant potential for improving outcomes in radioresistant rectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10461-10474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural engineering of bimetallic copper molybdate with high energy storage performance for long-life hybrid supercapacitors","authors":"Muneerah Al-Aqeel","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03583-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03583-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Morphologically controlled synthesis of metal oxide-based materials has attracted significant attention to enable the capacity and redox performance of faradaic-type hybrid supercapacitors (H-SCs). In this work, we designed hollow-structured copper molybdate (Cu₃Mo₂O₉) with hollow flowers (CM HFs) and hollow spheres (HSs) were facilely prepared by solvent-mediated hydrothermal method. The aqueous environment in the hydrothermal system facilitates anisotropic crystal growth and self-assembly of nanoplates into three-dimensional CM HFs architecture, which showed high surface area and enhanced electrolyte accessibility. The electrochemical performance revealed that the CM HFs showed better redox behavior with longer charge–discharge times, and lower resistance compared to CM HSs. As a result, the CM HFs showed a higher specific capacitance of 530 F g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹ and faster ion diffusion with a capacitance retention of 94.1% after 10,000 cycles. Moreover, a two-electrode H-SC was fabricated using CM HFs as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, which achieved a high energy density of 33.24 Wh kg⁻¹ and a power density of 5250 W kg⁻¹ along with excellent cycling stability. Aiding from the high energy storage performance of H-SC, the devices in series successfully powered LEDs, demonstrating their potential for flexible and durable energy storage applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10070 - 10083"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks: photocatalytic platforms for solar energy conversion","authors":"Bin Qi,&nbsp;Rongchen Shen,&nbsp;Ziyang Ke,&nbsp;Song Wang,&nbsp;Youji Li,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Difa Xu,&nbsp;Xin Li","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03604-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03604-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The unique fully conjugated architecture and tunable electronic properties of 2D sp² carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp²c-COFs) have established them as promising photocatalysts. This review systematically summarizes the synthetic strategies, photocatalytic applications and performance modulation mechanisms of sp²c-COFs, and provides an outlook on future research directions. First, we introduce the main synthetic methods for sp²c-COFs, including Knoevenagel condensation, Aldol condensation and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions. Subsequently, we discuss in detail their photocatalytic applications in H₂ evolution, CO₂ reduction, H₂O₂ production, pollutant degradation, and selective organic transformations. Additionally, this review comprehensively discusses key photocatalytic regulation mechanisms, revealing how molecular design strategies can precisely control electronic structures, active site accessibility, and interfacial charge dynamics to enhance photocatalytic performance. Finally, we analyze the current challenges in the field and propose future research directions, including the development of novel synthetic strategies, deeper understanding of photocatalytic mechanisms, and the expansion of their applications in energy and environmental technologies. This work provides fundamental insights into structure–property relationships and paves the way for future photocatalytic systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9543 - 9587"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of dithiophosphate‐type collectors with different substituent types on the acanthite surface in the CaO system","authors":"Kaiwei Ding, Guanfei Zhao, Tingsheng Qiu, Xianhui Qiu, Huashan Yan, Hao Wu, Wenhui Yang, Shunde Yan, Liqiang Lin","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03560-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-025-03560-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Silver is a crucial rare and valuable metal in industrial applications, primarily found in polymetallic sulfide deposits as sulfides. The adsorption compatibility between various types of associated silver ores and collectors has not been extensively studied. This research focuses on acanthite (Ag 2 S), the predominant mineral in such ores. The study systematically investigates the adsorption compatibility differences between dithiophosphate collectors with five distinct substituents and associated silver ores. This investigation combines computational chemistry simulations with experimental validations. The findings reveal that the −N 2 PS 2 − ‐type collector exhibits superior surface matching with acanthite (100) surface compared to the −O 2 PS 2 − ‐type collector. Moreover, the presence of −C−O−C− bonds and benzene rings enhances the effectiveness of dithiophosphate‐type collectors for acanthite. In contrast, the compatibility of the −C 2 PS 2 − ‐type 3418A collector, lacking characteristic groups, is relatively poor. In high‐alkali processes, the adsorption of Ca(OH) + hinders the reactivity of silver atoms with the collector. The presence of benzene rings and −NH− groups in the substituents intensifies the impact of Ca(OH) + on the collector, thereby diminishing its adsorption strength. The introduction of −C−O−C− does not modify the sensitivity of the −O 2 PS 2 − ‐type collector to Ca(OH) + . Furthermore, the adsorption of alkane −C 2 PS 2 − ‐type collectors on mineral surfaces remains unaffected by the attenuating effect of Ca(OH) + . The results of the flotation tests, Zeta potential, and adsorption capacity assessments further validated the conclusions derived from computational chemistry analyses. The results provide valuable insights for the future design and advancement of innovative collectors customized for silver ore applications.","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10981-10997"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147895844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roadmap of carbon-based single-atom catalysts: rational design and electrochemical applications","authors":"Kaiyuan Liu,&nbsp;Liping Wang,&nbsp;Wenxing Chen,&nbsp;Zhiyi Sun,&nbsp;Huilong Geng,&nbsp;Yinqi Li,&nbsp;Ziwei Deng,&nbsp;Shuai Jiang,&nbsp;Boran Zhou,&nbsp;Kedi Yu,&nbsp;Liyuan Wei,&nbsp;Xin Gao,&nbsp;Zhuo Chen,&nbsp;Huazhang Zhai,&nbsp;Zhengbo Chen,&nbsp;Yahe Wu,&nbsp;Dingsheng Wang,&nbsp;Pengwan Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03477-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03477-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) have arisen as a revolutionary category of materials in electrocatalytic energy transformation, due to the atomically dispersed metal active sites, tunable coordination microenvironments, and ideal catalytic efficiency. This review systematically examines the rational design strategies and electrochemical applications on nitrogen-doped carbon-based SACs within a rational design, activity elucidation, and application development framework, focusing on critical reactions including hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, nitrogen reduction, oxygen evolution, and CO₂ reduction. Special emphasis is placed on innovative coordination engineering approaches, such as asymmetrical MN_<i>x</i> sites, axial coordination modulation, and bimetallic synergistic sites. These strategies elucidate the mechanisms of symmetry-breaking coordination and multi-ligand coupling in tailoring electronic configurations and intermediate adsorption energetics. Complementary insights from aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations are integrated to establish dynamic correlations between atomic-level structural descriptors (coordination number, bond length/angle) and electronic states (d-band center, charge transfer). This synthesis advances quantitative structure–activity relationship models linking coordination environment–electronic properties–catalytic performance. In the future, prospects center on interdisciplinary integration harnessing high-throughput robotic synthesis, artificial intelligence-driven design, and life cycle assessment frameworks to bridge atomic-scale precision with device-level implementation. Such efforts will accelerate the translation of SACs into transformative solutions for fuel cells, green hydrogen production, and carbon–neutral technologies, ultimately reshaping sustainable energy conversion landscapes.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 11","pages":"7987 - 8132"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An insight into intrinsic mechanism of voltage decay in Mn-full Li-rich layered cathodes for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Yong Chen,&nbsp;Xiao-La Li,&nbsp;Xuan-He Yang,&nbsp;Wen-Zhao Huang,&nbsp;Yuan Xiao,&nbsp;Hua-Jun Xu,&nbsp;Juan-Juan Cheng,&nbsp;Dong Luo","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03593-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03593-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The widespread application of Li-rich manganese-based layered oxides (LROs), distinguished by their high energy density and low cost, is significantly constrained by voltage decay. The presently unresolved mechanism underlying this phenomenon impedes the development of effective countermeasures. Extensive research has established that voltage decay originates from irreversible oxygen release and structural evolution, but the relationship between these two factors remains incompletely characterized. This study investigates the impact of oxygen (O) redox and transition metal (TM) redox on voltage decay using Ni/Co-free Mn-full Li-rich layered oxides (MFLROs), which mitigates the confounding effects of concurrent Ni/Co redox and O redox. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that stabilizing the O redox through Ti doping significantly inhibits voltage decay. Critically, multiple ex/in situ measurements and first-principles calculations reveal irreversible oxygen release as the dominant factor driving voltage decay. This insight establishes a foundational framework for addressing voltage decay in future research. </p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9876 - 9886"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow-engineered multiscale porous electrode design for promoting bubbles removal efficiency toward high-current–density hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Qing-Peng Sun,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Wang,&nbsp;Lu-Yi Shi,&nbsp;Yue Deng,&nbsp;Shao-Fei Zhang,&nbsp;Jin-Feng Sun,&nbsp;Jian-Li Kang,&nbsp;Tian-Tian Li,&nbsp;Man Li,&nbsp;Qi-Feng Mu","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03586-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03586-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large-scale hydrogen production through water electrolysis at high current densities encounters significant challenges due to the sluggish bubble dynamics on tortuous nanoporous electrodes, which lead to increased activation loss and structural degradation. Drawing inspiration from the directional fluid transport properties of pipeline structures, this study introduces a bubble-guiding electrode design by integrating periodic, vertically aligned porous channels into dealloyed nanoporous NiCo alloy (denoted as PA_<i>x</i>-npNiCo, where <i>x</i> refers to the periodic spacing). The vertically aligned macro-channels create a split-path effect for both gas bubbles and electrolyte flow, maintaining stable bubble diffusion velocity and reducing the risk of bubble coalescence. Moreover, nanopores formed through chemical dealloying provide a high density of active sites, significantly boosting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. By combining high-speed camera observations with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the optimized geometry of the flow-engineered channels has been identified, demonstrating exceptional bubble-guiding capabilities. The optimized PA₂₀₀-npNiCo electrode, featuring vertically aligned channels with a 200 µm period and three-dimensional (3D) nanopores on the ligaments, achieves a record current density of 981 mA cm⁻² at a low overpotential of 223 mV, while maintaining long-term stability over 450 h at 500 mA cm⁻². When using PA₂₀₀-npNiCo as both the cathode and anode in an electrolyzer, it requires only 1.97 V to achieve 400 mA cm⁻² and exhibits stable operation for 100 h at 1000 mA cm⁻². This work offers valuable insights into bubble dynamics for HER and highlights the significance of multiscale porous electrode architecture design for broader electrocatalytic gas-evolving applications.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10155 - 10171"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}