{"title":"Hydrogen bond-mediated organocatalytic enantioselective reduction of nitroalkenes in deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Chiara Faverio, Monica Fiorenza Boselli, Tommaso Ruggiero, Laura Raimondi, Maurizio Benaglia","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2023.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2023.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The catalytic enantioselective reduction of β,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes was performed in deep eutectic solvents, avoiding the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as reaction medium. The desired enantioenriched nitroalkanes were obtained in high yields and high enantiomeric excesses, up to 90%, by a metal-free, hydrogen bond-mediated catalytic methodology, with a convenient experimental protocol that could be successfully applied to a gram-scale reaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43916312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2023.100037
Ken Okuno, Ryuichi Nishiyori, Seiji Shirakawa
{"title":"Catalysis by tertiary chalcogenonium salts","authors":"Ken Okuno, Ryuichi Nishiyori, Seiji Shirakawa","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2023.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2023.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthetic utility of onium salts is widely recognized in organic chemistry. Among the wide variety of onium salt compounds, quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts are known as representative organocatalysts. Although the catalytic abilities of these group 15 onium compounds are well documented in the literature, organocatalysis by chalcogenonium salts as group 16 onium compounds has remained out of the spotlight until only recently. Several research groups, however, have noticed the catalytic potential of organo-chalcogenonium compounds based on the characteristics of group 16 elements in recent years. This mini-review introduces the high potential of tertiary chalcogenonium salts as effective organocatalysts for a variety of organic transformations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44850674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of design approaches in asymmetric organocatalysis over the last decade","authors":"Nika Melnyk , Marianne Rica Garcia , Iñigo Iribarren , Cristina Trujillo","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2023.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2023.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This perspective intends to cover the vast field of asymmetric organocatalysis and its evolution during the last ten years. This work has evaluated the corresponding timeline of the progression of the field concerning the main synthetic approaches as well as the ground-breaking synergetic approach between experimental and computational methods. With the combination of an evolutionary trend and the expansion of computing technology, further advancements in the field of asymmetric organocatalysis are undeniable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45333002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2023.100036
Clotilde Philippe , Johann Melan , Alberto Barsella , Thomas Vives , Yann R. Leroux , Françoise Robin-Le Guen , Loïc Lemiègre , Denis Jacquemin , Sébastien Gauthier , Yann Trolez
{"title":"A comprehensive study of tetracyanobutadiene push-pull chromophores derived from γ-pyranylidene","authors":"Clotilde Philippe , Johann Melan , Alberto Barsella , Thomas Vives , Yann R. Leroux , Françoise Robin-Le Guen , Loïc Lemiègre , Denis Jacquemin , Sébastien Gauthier , Yann Trolez","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2023.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2023.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new class of push-pull 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadienes (TCBDs) chromophores bearing a γ-pyranylidene as a pro-aromatic donor group have been developed, characterized and studied for their electrochemical, photophysical and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. [2 + 2] Cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclizations (CA-RE) with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) allowed the formation of new TCBDs by taking advantage of the electron-donating ability of γ-pyranylidene functional groups. The limits of the reaction between TCNE and the corresponding alkynes have been investigated, both in terms of reactivity and solubility. Electrochemical studies of pyranylidene-TCBD <strong>1a-1j</strong> revealed two reversible reduction waves typical of TCBDs, and two oxidation waves originating from the γ-pyranylidene moiety. More complex electrochemical signals have been recorded when studying chromophores bearing multiple TCBD and/or γ-pyranylidene units. All pyranylidene-TCBDs showed panchromatic absorption properties, extending to the NIR in some cases. Changes made around the electron-withdrawing TCBD units significantly affected the ICT performance of the push-pull chromophores. Computational studies have been performed on this series of compounds to rationalize the origin of their optical properties. TD-DFT calculations confirmed that the synthesized pyranylidene-TCBDs are potential NLOphores. The second-order NLO properties of all chromophores were determined by the Electric Field-Induced Second Harmonic generation (EFISH) technique, and all systems exhibited valuable NLO properties with large <em>μβ</em><sub>EFISH</sub> values for purely organic compounds, up to 5700 10<sup>−48</sup> esu.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49236570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Total synthesis of antiviral drug, nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332)","authors":"Chandra Shekhar , Rajesh Nasam , Siva Ramakrishna Paipuri , Prakash Kumar , Kiranmai Nayani , Srihari Pabbaraja , Prathama S. Mainkar , Srivari Chandrasekhar","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergence and rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a potentially fatal disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has swiftly led to public health crisis worldwide. Hence vaccines and antiviral therapeutics are an important part of the healthcare response to combat the ongoing threat by COVID-19. Here, we report an efficient synthesis of nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), an orally active SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9579207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10403740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100034
Logan M. Breiner , Anthony J. Briganti , Jennifer P. McCord , Moriah E. Heifetz , Sophia Y. Philbrook , Carla Slebodnick , Anne M. Brown , Andrew N. Lowell
{"title":"Synthesis, testing, and computational modeling of pleuromutilin 1,2,3-triazole derivatives in the ribosome","authors":"Logan M. Breiner , Anthony J. Briganti , Jennifer P. McCord , Moriah E. Heifetz , Sophia Y. Philbrook , Carla Slebodnick , Anne M. Brown , Andrew N. Lowell","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pleuromutilin antimicrobials have given rise to the most recently FDA approved class of antibiotics for systemic human use. In this work, we describe a synthesis, assay, modeling approach to pleuromutilin development for the highly complex bacterial ribosome. Libraries of substituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized at the pleuromutilin C20 position by applying a recent anti-Markovnikov hydroazidation protocol to directly install an azido group, and at the C22 position through established methods. To learn about the interactions of these libraries with the ribosome and assess the potential for subsequent derivatization, an unbiased computational modeling method was used to biochemically rationalize binding modes of the C20 and C22 pleuromutilin derivatives. A pattern emerged where the triazole and its pendant chain, be it off the C20 or C22 position, moved to occupy the space vacated by the C22 sulfide group of clinical pleuromutilin compounds. Subsequent activity testing and comparative ranking of the computationally docked derivatives to the <em>in vitro</em> activity results showed a high predictability rating for the C22 substituted compounds. These combined investigations reveal potential restrictions and sites for expansion, paving the way for the development of future pleuromutilin derivates and other ribosome targeting antibiotics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X22000304/pdfft?md5=e43345de0bd046dc559f5e89a9ec5f74&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X22000304-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43717026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100031
Zhu Cao , Xinxin Wang , Xinxin Wu , Chen Zhu
{"title":"Iodobenzene-catalyzed photochemical heteroarylation of alcohols by rupture of inert C–H and C–C bonds","authors":"Zhu Cao , Xinxin Wang , Xinxin Wu , Chen Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A Minisci-type reaction catalyzed by iodobenzene is disclosed here for the first time. The heteroarylation of unprotected aliphatic alcohols proceeds via alkoxy radical-induced homolytic cleavage of C–H and C–C bonds under photochemical conditions. The use of <em>m</em>-CPBA as the oxidant allows the oxidation of iodobenzene to a hypervalent iodine species, driving the catalytic cycle. The method features mild reaction conditions, broad scope of heteroarenes and alcohols, and scaled up preparations. This approach provides a notable supplement to iodobenzene-catalyzed ionic reactions, and opens up a new avenue for its application in radical chemistry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X22000274/pdfft?md5=60b53769fdcf86f10b9d608205504689&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X22000274-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49282885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100024
Tim Langletz, Claire Empel, Sripati Jana, Rene M. Koenigs
{"title":"Stereoconvergent, photocatalytic cyclopropanation reactions of β-substituted styrenes with ethyl diazoacetate","authors":"Tim Langletz, Claire Empel, Sripati Jana, Rene M. Koenigs","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyclopropanes constitute a pivotal molecular scaffold in medicinal and agrochemical research and find broad applications in marketed drugs and other bioactive compounds. Their synthesis commonly relies on metal-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions that necessitate the utilization of stereochemically defined olefin starting materials, which in turn requires a high stereochemical fidelity in the olefin synthesis step. Herein, we report on a photocatalytic strategy that allows the use of a mixture of the <em>E</em>- and <em>Z</em>-isomers of such olefins and gives access to a single isomer of the cyclopropane product in a stereoconvergent reaction. Experimental and theoretical data suggest the intermediacy of a triplet carbene intermediate that readily reacts with either isomer of the olefin. The intersystem crossing from triplet to singlet state proceeds in a diastereoselective fashion and can rationalize this stereoconvergent reaction. The application of this process was then examined with a diverse set of stereochemical mixtures of double- or triple-substituted olefins that readily undergo cyclopropanation disregarding of the stereochemical fidelity of the used olefin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X22000201/pdfft?md5=77f34e961c576c5e05971eeca3fdae8e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X22000201-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42742698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100023
Xiaowei Han, Yue Zhao, Zhuangzhi Shi , Minyan Wang
{"title":"Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroamination of gem-difluoroallenes with anilines","authors":"Xiaowei Han, Yue Zhao, Zhuangzhi Shi , Minyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A rhodium-catalyzed protocol has been established for the enantioselective hydroamination of <em>gem</em>-difluoroallenes with anilines. This strategy shows complete atom-efficiency to access a variety of enantioenriched <em>gem</em>-difluoroallylic amines in excellent branched selectivity (>99:1 for each case), which are important backbones in many biologically active compounds. Mechanistic studies suggest the generation of a <em>gem</em>-difluoro π-allyl rhodium intermediate by an exclusive hydrometalation pathway, which undergoes nucleophilic substitution of amines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X22000195/pdfft?md5=e25b8e0bd6924ba768de00837468f251&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X22000195-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41365974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100027
Alessandra Lattanzi
{"title":"3,4-Dihydroquinoxalin-2-one privileged motif: A journey from classical chiral tools based synthesis to modern catalytic enantioselective strategies","authors":"Alessandra Lattanzi","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optically pure 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones, being members of the privileged quinoxaline family, received significant interest in organic synthesis, more particularly in medicinal chemistry, proving also to be useful building blocks for facile entry to a relevant bioactive pharmacophore, namely tetrahydroquinoxalines. The first asymmetric approaches to 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones relied on classical use of chiral pool available reagents and auxiliares, such as α-amino acids and mandelates/tartaric acid derivatives, respectively. Over the years, more general and appealing enantioselective catalytic routes have been developed, mainly concerned with metal- and organocatalyzed reduction of quinoxalinones. Additionally, different organocatalytic cyclization strategies, including sustainable one-pot processes, have been added to the synthetic toolbox. This perspective aims to showcase the state of art of asymmetric approaches developed to prepare 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones with a focus on catalytic routes, highlighting challenges and opportunities for future developments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X22000237/pdfft?md5=1b6a973866b4c478d9d59867284ef28e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X22000237-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48708278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}