{"title":"New-Type Cavities for Superpower Multi-Beam Klystrons","authors":"A. V. Galdetskiy, N. A. Golovanov","doi":"10.1007/s11141-026-10441-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11141-026-10441-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a new design of a multi-beam toroidal cavity containing spiral inductive inserts made of a metamaterial in the region of interaction with the electron beam. It is shown that such a cavity, which operates at the fundamental mode E010, ensures a uniform electric field in a region with a diameter exceeding the wavelength, which is sufficient to accommodate 37 electron beams. In this case, the characteristic impedance per beam is significantly higher than that of the traditional cavity operating at a higher mode. Based on the considered design, the interaction region of a super-powerful multi-beam klystron has been designed, including a cavity tuned to the second harmonic. According to the 1.5-dimensional calculation, the power of the output radiation reaches 39 MW with an efficiency of 64.5% at a current of 19.8 A per beam and an accelerating voltage of 85 kV.</p>","PeriodicalId":748,"journal":{"name":"Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics","volume":"68 2","pages":"89 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. M Amakhanov, M. E. Seleznev, Yu. V. Nikulin, S. L. Vysotskii, V. K. Sakharov, G. M. Dudko, A. V. Kozhevnikov, Yu. V. Khivintsev, Yu. A. Filimonov
{"title":"Spin Pumping by Surface Magnetostatic Waves in Microstructures Based on Iron–Yttrium Garnet Films with (100) Crystallographic Orientation","authors":"G. M Amakhanov, M. E. Seleznev, Yu. V. Nikulin, S. L. Vysotskii, V. K. Sakharov, G. M. Dudko, A. V. Kozhevnikov, Yu. V. Khivintsev, Yu. A. Filimonov","doi":"10.1007/s11141-026-10447-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11141-026-10447-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using the inverse spin Hall effect, we investigate spin pumping by traveling surface magnetostatic waves (SMSWs) in YIG/Pt structures based on YIG films with (100) crystallographic orientation. We compare the frequency dependence of the electromotive force (EMF) generated at contacts to Pt during propagation of SMSWs along the [100] and [110] crystallographic axes, corresponding to the hard and easy magnetization axes, respectively. It is shown that the overall character of this dependence is the same for different magnetization directions. However, the EMF is up to twice as large in structures magnetized along the [110] axis. This enhancement is attributed to the presence of anisotropic backward volume spin waves in the SMSW spectrum of such structures, characterized by van Hove singularities in the density of states. It is shown that three-magnon parametric instability does not affect the EMF ratio between structures magnetized along the [110] and [100] directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":748,"journal":{"name":"Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics","volume":"68 2","pages":"150 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recommendations on Designing Wire-Grid Conical Horn Structures for Sparse Antenna Development","authors":"M. T.Nguyen, A. F. Alhaj Hasan, T. R. Gazizov","doi":"10.1007/s11141-026-10445-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11141-026-10445-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The method of moments is widely used for analyzing and designing of various types of antennas with wire grids. Some design recommendations are known, but they are not suitable for the initial wire grids, to which the recently proposed optimal current grid approximation is applicable to create sparse antennas with a lower mass. In this work, new recommendations are proposed for the design of initial wire-grid (WG) structures for conical horn antennas with various equivalent excitation models. The recommendations form new design guidelines for the wire-grid conical horn antennas with different equivalent excitation models. The guidelines are verified by applying them to conical horn antennas operating in different frequency bands. The obtained antenna characteristics for the WG-structures are in good agreement with those obtained experimentally and numerically using other methods. In addition, this work presents the results of applying the modified optimal current grid approximation to the original structures designed according to the proposed recommendations for sparse structures. In special cases, these structures can be used to replace the solid metal structure, as well as the original WG-structures while maintaining the required characteristics. The results of this work allow us to quickly and accurately design original WG-structures for conical horn antennas with acceptable characteristics for efficient creation of sparse antennas.</p>","PeriodicalId":748,"journal":{"name":"Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics","volume":"68 2","pages":"126 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Maximum Efficiency of High-Power Klystrons with a Limited Bunching Length","authors":"A. Yu. Baikov, O. A. Baikova","doi":"10.1007/s11141-026-10440-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11141-026-10440-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We analyze the factors limiting the efficiency of high-power klystrons. The mechanism for achieving the maximum efficiency under specific design constraints, including a limited total length of the interaction space and a relatively high beam perveance, is shown using the example of synthesizing a high-power centimeter-wave klystron. It is shown that a high-power pulsed klystron having an efficiency of about 67% can be synthesized using the multistage structural optimization method.</p>","PeriodicalId":748,"journal":{"name":"Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics","volume":"68 2","pages":"77 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Broadband Transition Based on a Symmetrical Slot Line","authors":"S. B. Klyuev, V. A. Iovdalskiy, V. V. Demshevsky","doi":"10.1007/s11141-026-10444-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11141-026-10444-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We consider a model of an interlayer broadband transition based on a symmetrical slot line, where a partially metallized hole is used as a connection element between parts of a symmetrical slot line, which are located on the different sides of a dielectric substrate. The characteristics of the interlayer transition model were calculated and analyzed using the finite element method. As a result of the computer calculations, the characteristics of the considered interlayer transition were found, and their frequency dependences were determined. The dependences of the characteristics of the interlayer transition on the used material of the dielectric substrate were also obtained. An example of optimizing the characteristics of the transition on the basis of its design parameters and the properties of the dielectric substrate material is given.</p>","PeriodicalId":748,"journal":{"name":"Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics","volume":"68 2","pages":"119 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Lerer, I. V. Donets, S. M. Tsvetkovskaya, M. Danelyan
{"title":"Electrodynamic Models of a Lens Formed by a Photonic Crystal of Hollow Metal Cylinders","authors":"A. M. Lerer, I. V. Donets, S. M. Tsvetkovskaya, M. Danelyan","doi":"10.1007/s11141-026-10446-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11141-026-10446-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study diffraction of an elctromagnetic wave by a cylinder made of an artificial magnetodielectric, which is a photonic crystal consisting of hollow metal cylinders. The problem is solved using two developed mathematical models of the device under study. New algorithms and software have been created. In the first model, equivalent anisotropic dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability are introduced based on the calculation of a three-dimensional photonic crystal. The near field of a cylindrical magnetodielectric lens with these parameters is studied. In the second model, the problem of diffraction on a large (several thousand) number of metal cylinders is solved. This solution is used for calculating a real cylindrical lens. A comparison of the results obtained within the framework of these two models shows that the accuracy of calculation of focusing devices made of photonic crystals is sufficient for practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":748,"journal":{"name":"Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics","volume":"68 2","pages":"141 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. V. Starodubov, I. S. Ozhogin, A. A. Serdobintsev, I. O. Kozhevnikov, V. N. Titov, V. V. Galushka, I. Sh. Bakhteev, S. Yu. Molchanov, N. M. Ryskin
{"title":"Using Additive Technologies for Rapid Prototyping of Millimeter-Wave Electromagnetic Structures","authors":"A. V. Starodubov, I. S. Ozhogin, A. A. Serdobintsev, I. O. Kozhevnikov, V. N. Titov, V. V. Galushka, I. Sh. Bakhteev, S. Yu. Molchanov, N. M. Ryskin","doi":"10.1007/s11141-026-10443-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11141-026-10443-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The advancement of high-power miniature vacuum microelectronic devices in the millimeter-wave and terahertz ranges is very important for numerous applications in wireless high-speed communication, radar systems, electromagnetic sensing, spectroscopy, security, etc. Rapid prototyping of the pivotal electromagnetic components of these sources requires development of precise, fast, and cost-effective novel technologies. In this paper, we present the fabrication outcomes of millimeter-wave electrodynamic structures manufactured using a 3D printing via digital light processing technology, followed by metallization through magnetron sputtering. Rectangular waveguide sections for the V-band (50–75 GHz) and W-band (75–110 GHz) were fabricated, along with more intricate prototypes of periodic slow-wave structures, such as the vane-loaded waveguide structure widely used in traveling-wave tubes and backward-wave oscillators in the millimeter- and submillimeter-wave ranges. The measured cold-test electromagnetic characteristics, which demonstrate good agreement with numerical simulations, are reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":748,"journal":{"name":"Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics","volume":"68 2","pages":"109 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics of the Space-Charge Accumulation in the Electron-Optical System with the Cusp Magnetic Field of a Subterahertz Large-Orbit Gyrotron","authors":"V. N. Manuilov, Yu. K. Kalynov","doi":"10.1007/s11141-026-10437-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11141-026-10437-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study numerically the dynamics of space charge accumulation in a trap between the magnetic and electrostatic mirrors during formation of a paraxial helical electron beam (PHEB) in an electron-optical system with the cusp magnetic field. The time dependences of the value of the trapped charge of the electrons reflected from the magnetic mirror, the potential in different cross sections of the beam, the currents of the cathode and anode bombardment by reflected particles, and the distribution of the bombardment current along the cathode surface are calculated. The current passing into the cavity is found taking into account the reflection of some electrons from the magnetic mirror. The evolution of the function of electron distribution in the rotational velocities is investigated for the case of an increase in the cold pitch factor of the PHEB. The results of the non-stationary analysis of PHEB formation open up the possibility of decreasing the value of the trapped charge in an electron-optical system with the cusp magnetic field.</p>","PeriodicalId":748,"journal":{"name":"Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics","volume":"68 1","pages":"31 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Simulation Methods in the Design of High-Power Klystrons","authors":"V. Ya. Ivanov","doi":"10.1007/s11141-026-10438-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11141-026-10438-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a historical review of physical models and computer design methods for high-power klystrons, as well as of original numerical algorithms and computer programs developed for calculations of these devices. The results of the numerical design of a high-power S-band klystron manufactured and tested at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are described. Klystrons generating a pulse power of tens of megawatts were manufactured in Russia for the first time. They are designed for application as sources of microwave radiation in the fourth-generation synchrotron projects SKIF and the Super c-tau factory. Original algorithms and programs have been developed that allow one to implement the complete klystron design cycle from the cathode to the collector. The comparison of the calculated and experimental data is made. The methods of multidimensional optimization of the main klystron parameters, such as the output radiation power, the gain, and the efficiency, were used successfully.</p>","PeriodicalId":748,"journal":{"name":"Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics","volume":"68 1","pages":"40 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. A. Khabarova, P. M. Zemlyanukha, E. M. Dombek, K. V. Markov, A. C. Marukhno, A. V. Khudchenko, V. F. Vdovin
{"title":"Astroclimate in the Vicinity of the Hulugaisha Peak Based on the Analysis of Meteorological and Radiometric Measurements","authors":"T. A. Khabarova, P. M. Zemlyanukha, E. M. Dombek, K. V. Markov, A. C. Marukhno, A. V. Khudchenko, V. F. Vdovin","doi":"10.1007/s11141-026-10435-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11141-026-10435-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We consider various methods for estimating the optical thickness of the atmosphere based on radiometric and meteorological measurements for the region in the vicinity of the Hulugaisha peak (Buryatia, Eastern Sayans), which is one of the most promising locations for a subterahertz radio telescope. Radiometric data are compared with the results of simulating radiation transport in the Earth atmosphere based on the data from aerosounding observations, the MERRA-2 climate model, and the METEO-2 weather station. A statistical analysis of the amount of precipitated water vapor (PWV) in the vicinity of the Hulugaisha peak for 20 years (05.2004-05.2024) according to the MERRA-2 climate model is presented. The results obtained show that the area under study is characterized by a dry climate and is of interest for observations at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. In particular, during 80% of the year, the PWV values are <7 mm, while in the winter months the PWV is less than 1 mm for 44% of the time.</p>","PeriodicalId":748,"journal":{"name":"Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics","volume":"68 1","pages":"16 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}