Sports medicine international open最新文献_第7页

Insulin Sensitivity, Depression/Anxiety, and Physical Fitness in At-Risk Adolescents. 高危青少年的胰岛素敏感性、抑郁/焦虑和体能。

Sports medicine international open Pub Date : 2019-06-17 eCollection Date: 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-0889-8653

Stephanie M Bruggink, Lauren Berger Shomaker, Nichole R Kelly, Bart E Drinkard, Kong Y Chen, Robert J Brychta, Omni Cassidy, Andrew P Demidowich, Sheila M Brady, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, Jack A Yanovski

{"title":"Insulin Sensitivity, Depression/Anxiety, and Physical Fitness in At-Risk Adolescents.","authors":"Stephanie M Bruggink, Lauren Berger Shomaker, Nichole R Kelly, Bart E Drinkard, Kong Y Chen, Robert J Brychta, Omni Cassidy, Andrew P Demidowich, Sheila M Brady, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, Jack A Yanovski","doi":"10.1055/a-0889-8653","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-0889-8653","url":null,"abstract":"Poor physical fitness contributes to the early progression of cardiometabolic disease, yet the physiological and psychological factors underpinning poor fitness in at-risk adolescents are not well understood. In this study, we sought to determine the relationship of physical fitness with two developmental phenomena of adolescence, insulin resistance and depression/anxiety symptoms among at-risk youth. We conducted secondary data analyses of 241 overweight or obese adolescents (12-17 years), drawn from two study cohorts. Insulin sensitivity index was derived from oral glucose tolerance tests. Adolescents self-reported depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms on validated surveys. A walk/run test was administered to determine perceived exertion and physical fitness (distance traveled). Insulin sensitivity was positively associated with walk/run distance ( b =0.16, P< 0.01), even after accounting for all covariates. Anxiety symptoms were inversely related to perceived exertion ( b =-0.11, P< 0.05), adjusting for covariates. These findings suggest that insulin resistance and anxiety symptoms are associated with different dimensions of physical fitness in overweight or obese adolescents and could both potentially contribute to declining fitness and worsening metabolic outcomes in at-risk youth.","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"3 2","pages":"E40-E47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c3/e3/10-1055-a-0889-8653.PMC6579727.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37345032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time Course Changes in Confirmed 'True' VO ₂ max After Individualized and Standardized Training. 个性化和标准化训练后确定的“真实”VO 2 max的时间课程变化。

Sports medicine international open Pub Date : 2019-06-11 eCollection Date: 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-0867-9415

Ryan Weatherwax, Nigel Harris, Andrew E Kilding, Lance Dalleck

{"title":"Time Course Changes in Confirmed 'True' VO 2 max After Individualized and Standardized Training.","authors":"Ryan Weatherwax, Nigel Harris, Andrew E Kilding, Lance Dalleck","doi":"10.1055/a-0867-9415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0867-9415","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to examine time course changes in maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) confirmed with verification testing following 12 weeks of standardized vs. individualized exercise training. Participants (N=39) were randomly allocated to differing exercise intensity prescription groups: ventilatory threshold (individualized) or % heart rate reserve (standardized). At baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, participants completed maximal exercise testing with a verification protocol to confirm 'true VO 2 max.' VO 2 max in the standardized group changed from 24.3±4.6 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 at baseline to 24.7±4.6, 25.9±4.7, and 26.0±4.2 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 at week 4, 8, and 12, respectively, with a significant difference (p<0.05) in VO 2 max at week 8 and 12 compared to baseline. The individualized group had increases in VO 2 max from online 2 9.5±7.5 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 at baseline to 30.6±8.4, 31.4±8.4, and 32.8±8.6 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 at week 4, 8, and 12, respectively. In the individualized group, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in VO 2 max from baseline to week 8 and 12 and a significant increase in VO 2 max from week 8 to 1 online 2 . Although not statistically significant, our preliminary data demonstrates a more rapid and potent improvement in VO 2 max when exercise intensity is individualized. This is the first investigation to employ use of the verification procedure to confirm 'true VO 2 max' changes following exercise training using ventilatory thresholds.","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"3 2","pages":"E32-E39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-0867-9415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37049533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Influence of Mouthguards on Physiological Responses in Rugby. 护齿器对橄榄球运动员生理反应的影响。

Sports medicine international open Pub Date : 2019-06-05 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-0891-7021

Antina Schulze, Stefan Kwast, Martin Busse

{"title":"Influence of Mouthguards on Physiological Responses in Rugby.","authors":"Antina Schulze, Stefan Kwast, Martin Busse","doi":"10.1055/a-0891-7021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0891-7021","url":null,"abstract":"Mouthguards (MGs) are highly recommended in rugby. Airway obstruction and a resulting decrease in power output are potential disadvantages of their usage. The aim of the study was to assess possible limitations of \"vented\" (MG V ) and custom-made mouthguards (MG C ) on rugby players' performance. The MG effects were investigated in 13 male first-league rugby players ranging from 18-34 years old. First a lung function test was completed. Then a double incremental treadmill test was performed to measure maximum aerobic performance, ventilation, VO 2 , VCO 2 , heart rate, and lactate. Effects on sprint times (10 and 40 m) and countermovement jumps were also investigated. Peak flow values were significantly decreased with MG V by about 0.9 l/s. Neither ventilatory parameters nor oxygen uptake were affected by either of the mouthguards. Maximum lactate was significantly decreased in both MG types vs. no MG use. The maximum running velocity was similar in all tests. The aerobic energy turnover was moderately increased with the MG C and MG V . No effects were seen on sprint times or jump tests. Although neither type of mouthguard had a significant impact on maximum performance in treadmill running, the anaerobic energy turnover was decreased.","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"3 1","pages":"E25-E31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-0891-7021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37324992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Activity Profiles by Position in Youth Elite Soccer Players in Official Matches. 青少年精英足球运动员在正式比赛中的活动概况。

Sports medicine international open Pub Date : 2019-05-28 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-0883-5540

Svein Arne Pettersen, Tormod Brenn

{"title":"Activity Profiles by Position in Youth Elite Soccer Players in Official Matches.","authors":"Svein Arne Pettersen, Tormod Brenn","doi":"10.1055/a-0883-5540","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-0883-5540","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate activity profiles and external load patterns in elite youth soccer players, we studied high-intensity activity patterns, maximum running speed, and temporary and end-of-match decline in external load in 54 U17 players (96 match observations) over a full season of official match play. Wide midfielders covered most high-intensity running (HIR) distance (1044.2 m), most sprinting distance (224.4 m), and the highest number of accelerations (185.2); center defenders had the lowest values for these activities (10 396.8 m, 508.3 m, 85.1 m, and 119.0), respectively. Wide midfielders had the highest and center defenders had the lowest maximum speed (30.3 km·h -1 and 28.6 km·h -1 ), respectively. During the matches, players in all playing positions displayed a significant drop in HIR distance, sprinting distance, and number of accelerations. This was especially pronounced in the 5 min following the 5-min peak period and in the last 5-min period for sprinting distance. There are substantial differences in activity profiles by positions, but all players show temporary and end-of-match drop in external load. The variation in activity profiles by playing position in this study may aid in the design of training programs. The considerable end-of-match drop in external load observed raises the question of the favorability of 90 min match times for U17 players.","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"3 1","pages":"E19-E24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-0883-5540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37287816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Running Performance and Position is Not Related to Decision-Making Accuracy in Referees 裁判员的跑位和跑位与决策准确性无关

Sports medicine international open Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-0958-8608

A. Riiser, V. Andersen, A. Sæterbakken, Einar Ylvisåker, V. F. Moe

{"title":"Running Performance and Position is Not Related to Decision-Making Accuracy in Referees","authors":"A. Riiser, V. Andersen, A. Sæterbakken, Einar Ylvisåker, V. F. Moe","doi":"10.1055/a-0958-8608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0958-8608","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We aimed to assess if running performance is related to decision-making accuracy in referees. We also investigated the relationships between movement, position, decision-making and time of infringement. The study included 347 free kicks and penalties awarded during all 15 home field matches for one team in the Norwegian top league. Movement and position were measured by a radio-based positioning system, and two external experts analysed the video clips. The referees made the correct decision in 98% of the assessed foul situations. There were no associations between the correctness and running speed at the time of the infringements or total distance accumulated during the 30 s prior to the infringement (p>0.08). Decision-making accuracy was not associated with the referees’ position in relation to the infringements (p=0.82) or the area where the infringements occurred (p=0.28). Most foul play incidents were sanctioned in the central area of the field (84%) where the distance to the infringements was shorter (13.4 m, 95% CI 12.8–14.0) than in the lateral areas (21.9 m, 95% CI 20.4–23.4). Norwegian top referees were practically always right when they interfered, possess the necessary fitness to avoid fatigue that would influence decision-making accuracy, and maintain adequate positional ability throughout the matches.","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"3 1","pages":"E66 - E71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-0958-8608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47164565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Behavioral Modification Enhances the Benefits from Structured Aerobic and Resistance Training 行为矫正提高有氧和阻力训练的效果

Sports medicine international open Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-0900-7501

B. Dolezal, D. Boland, Eric V. Neufeld, Jennifer L Martin, C. Cooper

{"title":"Behavioral Modification Enhances the Benefits from Structured Aerobic and Resistance Training","authors":"B. Dolezal, D. Boland, Eric V. Neufeld, Jennifer L Martin, C. Cooper","doi":"10.1055/a-0900-7501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0900-7501","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Behavioral modification (BM) is a strategy designed to sustain or restore well-being through effects such as enhanced relaxation, reduced stress, and improved sleep. Few studies have explored the role of BM delivered in the context of fitness programs for healthy adults. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine whether BM combined with aerobic and resistance training programs would improve health and fitness measures more than the exercise training alone. Thirty-two healthy fitness club members (19 men) were randomized to receive a BM program (n=15) or an equal-attention (EA) control (n=17). BM consisted of twelve, 10-min education sessions between a trained fitness professional and the participant, coupled with weekly, individualized relaxation, stress reduction, and sleep improvement assignments. All participants engaged in 1 h of coached resistance training and remotely guided aerobic exercise thrice weekly for 12 weeks. Fitness measures (aerobic performance, body composition, muscle strength and endurance, lower-body power), sleep characteristics, and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained at baseline and after the 12-week program. BM resulted in greater improvements in aerobic performance (increased maximum oxygen uptake, metabolic (lactate) threshold, and percent of maximum oxygen uptake at which metabolic threshold occurred), peak and average lower-body power, and body composition (decreased body fat percentage and fat mass) compared to EA. BM also positively influenced parasympathetic tone through increased High-frequency HRV. BM resulted in greater improvements in fitness measures, body composition, and heart rate variability compared with EA. These findings have intriguing implications regarding the role of BM in augmenting health and physical performance.","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"3 1","pages":"E48 - E57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-0900-7501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43691319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Trunk Muscle Activity in One- and Two-Armed American Kettlebell Swing in Resistance-Trained Men. 单臂和双臂美式壶铃摆动阻力训练男子躯干肌肉活动。

Sports medicine international open Pub Date : 2019-03-21 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-0869-7228

Vidar Andersen, Marius Steiro Fimland, Atle Saeterbakken

{"title":"Trunk Muscle Activity in One- and Two-Armed American Kettlebell Swing in Resistance-Trained Men.","authors":"Vidar Andersen, Marius Steiro Fimland, Atle Saeterbakken","doi":"10.1055/a-0869-7228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0869-7228","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to compare the one-armed vs. two-armed American kettlebell swing on trunk muscle activation. Fifteen resistance-trained men performed ten repetitions of both exercises using a 14-kg kettlebell. Surface EMG from the erector spinae, rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles were collected on both sides of the trunk. The erector spinae activation during the one-armed swing was 14-25% higher on the contralateral compared to the ipsilateral side in both exercises (Cohen's d effect size [ES]=0.41-0.71, p ˂ 0.001-0.034). Further, the contralateral side was 14% more activated during the two-armed swing compared to the ipsilateral side during the one-armed swing (ES=0.43, p =0.009). For the rectus abdominis muscle, the two-armed swing induced higher activation of the rectus abdominis compared to the one-armed swing on both the contralateral (40%, ES=0.48, p =0.040) and ipsilateral side (59%, ES=0.83, p =0.002). There were no differences for the external oblique muscle ( p =0.495-0.662). In conclusion, the trunk activation patterns of the two exercises were different, which could be explained by different biomechanics in the two exercises, and could thus have complimentary effects. We recommend that both unilateral and bilateral execution of the American kettlebell swing is included over time.","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"3 1","pages":"E12-E18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-0869-7228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37091653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Time Trends of Head Injuries Over Multiple Seasons in Professional Male Football (Soccer). 职业男子足球运动员多赛季头部损伤的时间变化趋势。

Sports medicine international open Pub Date : 2019-01-28 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-0808-2551

Florian Beaudouin, Karen Aus der Fünten, Tobias Tröß, Claus Reinsberger, Tim Meyer

{"title":"Time Trends of Head Injuries Over Multiple Seasons in Professional Male Football (Soccer).","authors":"Florian Beaudouin, Karen Aus der Fünten, Tobias Tröß, Claus Reinsberger, Tim Meyer","doi":"10.1055/a-0808-2551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0808-2551","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate time trends of head injuries and their injury mechanisms since a rule change as monitoring may help to identify causes of head injuries and may advance head injury prevention efforts. Based on continuously recorded data from the German football magazine \"kicker Sportmagazin ® \" as well as other media sources, a database of head injuries in the 1 st German male Bundesliga was generated comprising 11 seasons (2006/07-2016/17). Injury mechanisms were analysed from video recordings. Injury incidence rates (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Time trends were analysed via linear regression. Two hundred thirty-eight match head injuries occurred (IR 1.77/1000 match hours, 95% CI 1.56-2.01). There were no significant seasonal changes, expressed as annual average year-on-year change, in IRs over the 11-year period for total head injuries (p=0.693), facial/head fractures (p=0.455), lacerations/abrasions (p=0.162), and head contusions (p=0.106). The annual average year-on-year increase for concussion was 6.4% (p=0.004). Five head injury mechanisms were identified. There were no seasonal changes in injury mechanisms over the study period. The concussion subcategory increased slightly over the seasons, which may either be a result of increasing match dynamics or raised awareness among team physicians and players.","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"3 1","pages":"E6-E11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-0808-2551","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36911840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Correction: Activity Profiles by Position in Youth Elite Soccer Players in Official Matches 更正：青少年精英足球运动员在正式比赛中按位置划分的活动概况

Sports medicine international open Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-0970-6550

S. Pettersen, T. Brenn

引用次数: 3

The Physical Attributes Most Required in Professional Ballet: A Delphi Study. 职业芭蕾舞最需要的身体素质:德尔菲研究。

Sports medicine international open Pub Date : 2018-12-20 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-0798-3570

Moira Cameron McCormack, Howard Bird, Akbar de Medici, Fares Haddad, Jane Simmonds

{"title":"The Physical Attributes Most Required in Professional Ballet: A Delphi Study.","authors":"Moira Cameron McCormack, Howard Bird, Akbar de Medici, Fares Haddad, Jane Simmonds","doi":"10.1055/a-0798-3570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0798-3570","url":null,"abstract":"Background It is commonly accepted that dancers are undoubtedly athletes, with ballet perhaps the most demanding dance form. No previous study has sought to define the physical attributes most desired for classical ballet by professional companies and vocational schools. These are likely to include both aesthetic features and attributes that reduce the risk of injury as well as enhance performance. Method An initial survey question using the modified Delphi technique was sent using Opinio Survey Software to a selected international expert panel. This was drawn both from those involved in selection of elite professional ballet dancers, and the international medical professionals involved in the care of dancers. The first questionnaire was open-ended to scope for all the physical attributes most favoured by the professional experts. Results There were 148 responses from the panel of international experts. In total 34 physical attributes were suggested. The 2 most recommended physical criteria for selection into the profession were overall flexibility and overall strength. These results are discussed in the context of the published literature on the mechanics, anatomy and physiology of ballet. Conclusion Flexibility and strength are the 2 features most sought after in elite ballet dancers.","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"3 1","pages":"E1-E5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/a-0798-3570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36800423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18