{"title":"Microfluidic Electrospray Microcapsules With Spatiotemporal Release of Asiatic Acid and Baicalein Nanocarriers for Wound Healing.","authors":"Zhiqiang Luo, Lingbao Zeng, Xinyu Zhu, Yuanjin Zhao","doi":"10.1002/smmd.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smmd.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synergy therapy of Chinese herbs is an effective strategy for wound repair and its further development focuses on the chronological release of specific herbs with healing proceeding. Herein, we report a novel asiatic acid/baicalein nanocarrier integrated microcapsule with spatiotemporal release feature from microfluidic electrospray for wound healing. Benefiting from advantages of both nanocarrier formulation and integration capacity of microfluidic electrospray, synthesized baicalein-tannic acid nanoparticles are integrated into the shell of microcapsule while fabricated asiatic acid liposomes are located at the core region. This design enables chronological release: baicalein is first released to kill bacteria, followed by releasing asiatic acid liposomes to enhance cell migration and granulation tissue formation. In vitro tests confirm the excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial and pro-migration property of microcapsules. The results from in vivo wound healing studies showed the outcomes of reduced inflammation and accelerated wound closure in microcapsules-treated wounds. Therefore, it is believed that this herbal microcapsule with spatiotemporal and hierarchical release of baicalein and asiatic acid is an effective therapeutic platform for clinical wound treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"5 3","pages":"e70047"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148551589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nuclear-Mitochondria Crosstalk in Senescent Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.","authors":"Yixiang Zhang, Yawei Du, Shifeng Ling, Hanqi Wang, Jiahao He, Jiahong Li, Kaifeng Huo, Baikun Liu, Qingfeng Li, Jiao Wei, Wenguo Cui","doi":"10.1002/smmd.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smmd.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are central regulators of adipose tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity. Accumulating evidence indicates that aging and obesity profoundly impair ADSC function, through progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupted mitochondrial-nuclear communication. Emerging studies reveal that defects in nuclear-mitochondrial crosstalk constitute a key driver of ADSC senescence and adipose tissue aging. In this review, we synthesize recent advances in understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms underlying ADSC aging, with particular emphasis on how mitochondrial dysfunction reshapes stem cell fate decisions, metabolic plasticity, and inflammatory signaling within aged adipose niches. We further highlight mitochondria targeting therapeutic strategies that hold promise for reversing ADSC senescence. Collectively, this framework positions mitochondrial regulation as a unifying axis for ADSC rejuvenation, offering new opportunities to restore adipose tissue homeostasis and mitigate age-related metabolic dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"5 3","pages":"e70043"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148551634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolic Profiling Reveals Organ-Specific Molecular Pathologies and Aging-Associated Biomarkers in Progeroid Laminopathy.","authors":"Lidan Hu, Xiaoyang Zhao, Yingxian Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Guozhen Wang, Xiaoli Liu, Zhan Feng, Jiazhen Yin, Zhaoyang Peng, Langping Gao, Jianhua Mao, Ning Shen","doi":"10.1002/smmd.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smmd.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The molecular mechanisms linking premature and physiological aging remain incompletely understood. Here, we present a cross-species, multi-organ metabolic atlas of progeroid laminopathy (PL) generated through integrated lipidomic and metabolomic profiling of heart, lung, skin, and serum from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) mouse models and human PL cohorts. We identify organ-specific metabolic alterations, with the most pronounced changes observed in the skin at the omics level. Notably, we uncover disruption of a taurine-TCA-TUDCA cytoprotective axis, suggesting a coordinated metabolic vulnerability in PL. Serum profiling further reveals candidate circulating biomarkers, including increased LPC(18:1e) and LysoPA along with decreased D-glucose 1-phosphate and NAD. These alterations are conserved across species and, importantly, display concordant trends in independent cohorts of physiologically aged healthy individuals. This overlap indicates a partial convergence between PL-associated and normal aging-related metabolic changes. Together, our findings provide a metabolic framework for understanding PL pathophysiology and highlight clinically accessible biomarkers that warrant future longitudinal validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"5 3","pages":"e70042"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148551671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart medicinePub Date : 2026-06-28eCollection Date: 2026-06-01DOI: 10.1002/smmd.70040
Jinbo Li, Wenzhao Li, Hongbo Zhang, Yi Yang, Yuanjin Zhao
{"title":"Flexible Porous Pomelo Pith Derived Janus Liquid Metal and Adhesive Hydrogel Hybrid Electronic Skins.","authors":"Jinbo Li, Wenzhao Li, Hongbo Zhang, Yi Yang, Yuanjin Zhao","doi":"10.1002/smmd.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smmd.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liquid metal (LM)-derived electronic skin (e-skin) exhibits significant potential in the domains of human-machine interfaces, health monitoring and energy management. Herein, we introduce a cost-effective paradigm of LMs-derived e-skin featuring anti-freezing capability, efficient thermal management, and motion detection. The inexpensive and eco-friendly porous pomelo pith (PP) is employed as the substrate for the patterning of LM and as the physical scaffold for adhesive hydrogels. The unique porous architecture of the PP provides a natural template for the integration of LM and hydrogels, which facilitates the creation of electronic devices with improved flexibility and adhesion. The diverse patterning of nickel (Ni)-doped LM on the rough and porous pomelo pith surface is facilitated by the attractive force of a magnetic field applied below. The adhesive pre-gel is readily drawn into the pores of the pomelo pith due to capillary action. The resulting LM/PP hydrogel electronics are capable of rapid and stable Joule heating behavior and reliable motion detection. Additionally, the incorporation of glycerol endows this e-skin with superior freezing and desiccation resistance. Thus, this facile fabrication strategy successfully integrates excellent conductivity, adhesion, and environmental resilience, offering a promising paradigm for advanced wearable electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"5 3","pages":"e70040"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart medicinePub Date : 2026-06-04eCollection Date: 2026-06-01DOI: 10.1002/smmd.70038
Viresh Krishnan Sukumar, Yee Kit Tai, Jan Nikolas Iversen, Olivia Yeo, Anisha Praiselin Paul, Kwan Yu Wu, Lina Hsiu Kim Lim, Alfredo Franco-Obregón
{"title":"Magnetic Reprogramming of Macrophages Stimulates Phagocytosis of Breast Cancer Cells via a TRPC1-STING Inflammatory Axis.","authors":"Viresh Krishnan Sukumar, Yee Kit Tai, Jan Nikolas Iversen, Olivia Yeo, Anisha Praiselin Paul, Kwan Yu Wu, Lina Hsiu Kim Lim, Alfredo Franco-Obregón","doi":"10.1002/smmd.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smmd.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from a pro-tumoral M2 to an anti-tumoral M1 phenotype is an attractive therapeutic strategy whose clinical translation is undermined by the systemic toxicity of currently available pharmacological approaches. Here, we demonstrate that non-invasive and localizable pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) induce macrophage reprogramming downstream of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) channel activation. Brief (10 min) PEMF exposure polarized macrophages toward an M1 phenotype by activating Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING)-dependent NF-κB inflammatory pathways that were abolished by TRPC1 knockdown or inhibition. PEMF exposure directly enhanced the immunogenicity of breast cancer cells and modified macrophage-cancer crosstalk to promote M1 macrophage polarization and the attraction of STING-activated macrophages to the cancer cells. In co-cultures, PEMF exposure stimulated macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of cancer cells in a STING- and TRPC1-dependent manner. In spheroids, PEMFs induced the reprogramming of TAMs to an M1 status and selectively enhanced infiltration of M1 macrophages, resulting in STING-mediated phagocytosis of cancer cells. In mice, 2 weeks of twice-weekly PEMF exposure resorbed engrafted tumors and selectively eliminated cancer cells within tumors while promoting immune cell recruitment. PEMFs offer a non-invasive manner to locally reprogram TAMs within the tumor microenvironment to preferentially eliminate cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"5 3","pages":"e70038"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Freeze-Derived Microporous Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications.","authors":"Shuangshuang Miao, Xingkui Guo, Chenhui Bai, Wei Zhou, Yiwen Wu, Wanchuan Ding, Jingjing Gan","doi":"10.1002/smmd.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smmd.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue engineering holds immense promise to revolutionize regenerative medicine by enabling the fabrication of functional, patient-specific tissues and organs for clinical translation, yet it continues to face persistent challenges in designing scaffolds that simultaneously recapitulate native tissue architecture, support cell viability, and enable efficient mass transport. Traditional fabrication has moved the field forward, yet routinely falls short of producing hierarchical, anisotropic, biomimetic structures under gentle conditions. Ice-templating (or freeze-casting), which is based on freeze-induced microphase separation, reframes the problem as crystal-growth engineering. This review summarizes current fabrication strategies and their underlying mechanism of ice-templating technology from physical and chemical perspectives. We then highlight recent advances in ice-templating for tissue engineering application fields such as 3D cell culture, wound healing, bone regeneration, nerve repair, and liver support, emphasizing the relationship between microstructure and biomedical functional performance. Finally, we discuss the key challenges in translating ice-templated biomaterials from laboratory research to clinical practice and outline future directions to fully harness this versatile biomedical strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"5 3","pages":"e70035"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart medicinePub Date : 2026-04-30eCollection Date: 2026-04-01DOI: 10.1002/smmd.70034
Ruixing Shui, Fan Ding, Dapeng Li, Guoqing Pan
{"title":"Advances in Hydrogel Tissue Engineering for Spinal Cord Injury Repair.","authors":"Ruixing Shui, Fan Ding, Dapeng Li, Guoqing Pan","doi":"10.1002/smmd.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smmd.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal cord injury (SCI), which is a severe complication of spinal fractures, often causes the dysfunction of the spinal cord and results in sensory and motor abnormalities. Current clinical treatments-including medication, decompression surgery, and bed rest-remain insufficient for complete functional recovery. It is necessary to reduce the early inflammatory reactions, rebuild the connections of neurons, and reduce the formation of the glial scar in order to restore spinal cord function. With the development of biomaterials discipline, hydrogel tissue engineering has become an effective and feasible method. Injectable and highly biocompatible hydrogel can directly fill the injured site as a scaffold material that can provide physical support to reduce scar formation and promote axon growth. In addition, hydrogels have the ability to regulate pathophysiological events. For example, it can reduce inflammatory reactions, inhibit glial scar formation, and promote axonal growth, so as to achieve the recovery of motor function after SCI. This review systematically correlates the four pathological phases of SCI with the stage-specific biological functions of hydrogels. It summarizes the current state of research in SCI and hydrogel-based tissue engineering, and discusses the key challenges and future directions in this evolving field.</p>","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"e70034"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13131097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart medicinePub Date : 2026-04-29eCollection Date: 2026-04-01DOI: 10.1002/smmd.70036
Miaomiao Wang, Qianwei Su, Yuezhou Wu, Xiaoyi Liang, Fengjin Zhou, Yingying Jing, Zhanghua Li, Jiacan Su
{"title":"Hydrogels for Bone Repair: Construction Strategies and Applications.","authors":"Miaomiao Wang, Qianwei Su, Yuezhou Wu, Xiaoyi Liang, Fengjin Zhou, Yingying Jing, Zhanghua Li, Jiacan Su","doi":"10.1002/smmd.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smmd.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone injuries, particularly those associated with an aging global population, pose a persistent and complex clinical challenge. Current gold-standard treatments such as autografts, allografts, and metal implants, are often limited by immune rejection and mechanical mismatch. In this context, hydrogels are promising biomaterials for bone regeneration, due not only to inherent biocompatibility, high hydration, and tunable elasticity but also to the ability to mimic the native bone micro environment. This review presents a critical and comprehensive analysis of how hydrogels for bone repair are designed, constructed, and functionalized to achieve the desired regenerative performance. It systematically examines multiple hydrogel types, centering on the design of their strength and biodegradation features to better align with the functional demands of bone healing. Furthermore, the review summarizes that by incorporating bioactive molecules, nanomaterials, or cells, advanced functionalization can orchestrate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In vitro and in vivo studies evidenced the performance of hydrogels' applications ranging from bone fracture repair to smart, stimuli-responsive platforms for personalized regenerative medicine. This review finally identifies the prevailing translational challenges and suggests future research trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"e70036"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13131083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart medicinePub Date : 2026-03-30eCollection Date: 2026-04-01DOI: 10.1002/smmd.70031
Yu Zhang, Hao Shen, Junjie Niu, Yingkang Huang, Can Zhu, Yi Wang, Yida Chen, Xinyi Cheng, Huilin Yang, Xianrong Zhang, Hao Chen, Hongbo Zhang, Qin Shi
{"title":"Targeting Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling Attenuates Doxorubicin-Aggravated Bone Loss in Obese Breast Cancer Mice.","authors":"Yu Zhang, Hao Shen, Junjie Niu, Yingkang Huang, Can Zhu, Yi Wang, Yida Chen, Xinyi Cheng, Huilin Yang, Xianrong Zhang, Hao Chen, Hongbo Zhang, Qin Shi","doi":"10.1002/smmd.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smmd.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although chemotherapy-induced bone loss is well-recognized during breast cancer treatment, the underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated, especially in patients with obesity. In this study, the objective was to investigate the impact of genomic silencing and pharmacological inhibition of S1P synthesis on bone loss in doxorubicin-induced obese breast cancer mice. In vitro study, upon the treatment of doxorubicin combined with palmitic acid, the S1P generated by 4T1 cells was significantly increased, resulting in an increase in osteoclastogenesis by activating the S1PR1/p-STAT3/NFATc-1 pathway in bone marrow-derived macrophages. In vivo study, pharmacological intervention with Sphingosine kinases (SPHK) antagonist SKI II or biological inhibition with SPHK1 and SPHK2 short hairpin RNA significantly reduced S1P production and rescued the obese breast cancer-bearing mice from doxorubicin-induced bone loss, manifested by the decreased osteoclastogenesis and recovered bone microarchitecture. Similarly, the administration of the S1PR1 antagonist FTY720 also alleviated bone loss in the breast cancer-bearing mice fed a high-fat diet. These studies indicate that genetic silencing and pharmacological inhibition can suppress S1P-dependent bone loss in doxorubicin-induced obese breast cancer mice. S1P shows promise as a potential drug target for preventing chemotherapy-induced bone loss in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"5 2","pages":"e70031"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13131081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constructing Neuroinflammation-On-A-Chip for Traditional Chinese Medicine Extracts Evaluation.","authors":"Xirui Wang, Xiang Lin, Yue Zhi, Luoran Shang, Yuan Luo, Yongan Wang","doi":"10.1002/smmd.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smmd.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroinflammation is a core pathological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. Although natural many compounds, derived from traditional Chinese medicine have shown promise in modulating neuroinflammation, conventional evaluation methods remain inefficient and fail to meet modern drug development needs. This study aimed to develop a neuroinflammation-on-a-chip for efficient and accurate evaluation of the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of such compounds. By integrating gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel with a microchamber array structure into a multi-channel concentration-gradient microfluidic chip, we constructed a functional neuroinflammation-on-a-chip suitable for high-throughput drug screening. Preliminary results demonstrated that the chip can successfully model lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and test the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin (Cur) and resveratrol (RSV). Relative to traditional approaches, the chip offers the advantages of low sample consumption, rapid detection, and high data reliability. This study provides a novel tool for the efficient evaluation of anti-neuroinflammatory activity of traditional Chinese medicine active compounds and offers an innovative platform for research on neuroinflammation-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"5 2","pages":"e70032"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13131082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}