Agricultural Sciences in China最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Consecutively Monocultured Rehmannia glutinosa L. on Diversity of Fungal Community in Rhizospheric Soil","authors":"Zhong-yi ZHANG ,&nbsp;Wen-xiong LIN ,&nbsp;Yan-hui YANG ,&nbsp;Hui CHEN ,&nbsp;Xin-jian CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60130-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60130-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continuous monoculture problems, or replanting diseases, are one of the key factors affecting productivity and quality of Chinese medicinal plants. The underlying mechanism is still being explored. Most of the studies on continuous monoculture of <em>Rehmannia glutinosa</em> L. are focused on plant nutritional physiology, root exudate, and its autotoxicity. However, the changes in the diversity of microflora in the rhizosphere mediated by the continuous monoculture pattern have been remained unknown. In this study, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique was used for fingerprinting fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil sampled from the fields of <em>R. glutinosa</em> monocultured for 1 and 2 yr. The results showed that the structure of fungal community in consecutively moncultured rhizosphere soil was different from that in control soil (no cropping soil), and varied with the consecutive monoculture years (1 and 2 yr). The comprehensive evaluation index (D) of fungal community estimated by principal component analysis of fragment number, peak area, Shannon-Weiner index, and Margalef index was higher in 1 yr monoculture soil than that in 2 yr monoculture soil, suggesting that consecutive monoculture of <em>R. glutinosa</em> could be a causative agent to decrease the diversity of fungal community in the rhizosphere soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 1374-1384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60130-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield Stability of Maize Hybrids Evaluated in National Maize Cultivar Regional Trials in Southwestern China Using Parametric Methods","authors":"Yong-jian LIU ,&nbsp;Bing WEI ,&nbsp;Er-liang HU ,&nbsp;Yuan-qi WU ,&nbsp;Yu-bi HUANG","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60125-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60125-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assessment of yield stability is an important issue for maize <em>(Zea mays</em> L.) cultivar evaluation and recommendation. Many parametric procedures are available for stability analysis, each of them allowing for different interpretations. The objective of the present study was to assess yield stability of maize hybrids evaluated in the National Maize Cultivar Regional Trials in southwestern China using 20 parametric stability statistics proposed by various authors at different times, and to investigate their interrelationships. Two yield datasets were obtained from the 2003 and 2004 national maize cultivar regional trials in southwestern China. A combined analysis of variance, stability statistics, and rank correlations among these stability statistics were determined. Effects of location, cultivar, and cultivar by location interaction were highly significant (<em>P</em>&lt;0.01). Different stability statistics were used to determine the stability of the studied cultivars. Cultivar mean yield <em>(Y)</em> was significantly correlated to the Lin and Binns stability statistic (LP, <em>r</em>=0.98** and 0.97** for 2003 and 2004 trials, respectively) and desirability index (HD, r=0.38 and 0.84** for the 2003 and 2004 trials, respectively). The statistics LP and HD would be useful for simultaneously selecting for high yield and stability. Based on a principal component analysis, the parametric stability statistics grouped as four distinct classes that corresponded to different agronomic and biological concepts of stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 1323-1335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60125-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56761926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico Detection of Novel MicroRNAs Genes in Soybean Genome","authors":"Yong-xin LIU ,&nbsp;Wei CHANG ,&nbsp;Ying-peng HAN ,&nbsp;Quan ZOU ,&nbsp;Mao-zu GUO ,&nbsp;Wen-bin LI","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60126-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60126-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) at the post-transcriptional regulation level has recently been recognized in both animals and plants. In this study, the simple and most effective method of comparative genomic approach was used. First known plants miRNAs BLAST against the soybean genome, and then the located candidates were searched for novel miRNAs by RNA folding method in the vicinity (±400 nt) of the candidates. The results showed that a total of 521 novel soybean miRNA genes, including 236 mature miRNAs, were identified. All these mature miRNAs were grouped into 58 families, of which 21 of them were novel family in soybean. The upstream 2000 nt of potential pre-miRNAs was used for promoter prediction, in order to investigate prediction of miRNAs and detect transcript unit and clustering. In this study, miRNA genes less tend to be present as clusters in soybean. Only 9 clusters, containing 21 miRNA genes (accounted for 4.0% of the total), were observed as part of polycistronic transcripts. Detailed analysis of sequence characteristics of novel miRNAs in soybean and all previous known plants miRNAs, were carried out. These results of this study provide a reference point for further study on miRNAs identification in plants, and improve the understanding of genome in soybean.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 1336-1345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60126-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56761954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Characterization of a NEM1-Like Gene in Magnaporthe oryzae","authors":"Ying WANG ,&nbsp;Tian-lei JIAO ,&nbsp;Xiao-hong LIU ,&nbsp;Fu-cheng LIN ,&nbsp;Wei-ren WU","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60131-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60131-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em>, a filamentous ascomycete fungus, is well known as the causal agent of rice blast. With the technology of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), it was previously found that MGG_06001 (or named <em>MoNEMl</em>), a gene of <em>M. oryzae</em> homologous to the <em>NEMl</em> (nuclear envelope morphology protein 1) gene of baker's yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>), is differentially expressed between the mature appressium and the conidium and mycelium. This study aimed to characterize the function of <em>MoNEMl</em> gene by knocking it out using the method of target gene replacement. The <em>AMoneml</em> mutants exhibited reduced mycelial growth and conidiation. However, disruption <em>of MoNEMl</em> gene does not affect the pathogenicity of <em>M. oryzae</em> on barley and rice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 1385-1390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60131-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Land Suitability Potentials for Selecting Winter Wheat Cultivation Areas in Beijing, China, Using RS and GIS","authors":"Da-cheng WANG ,&nbsp;Cun-jun LI ,&nbsp;Xiao-yu SONG ,&nbsp;Ji-hua WANG ,&nbsp;Xiao-dong YANG ,&nbsp;Wen-jiang HUANG ,&nbsp;Jun-ying WANG ,&nbsp;Ji-hong ZHOU","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60135-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60135-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is very important to provide reference basis for winter wheat quality regionalization of cultivation area. The aim of this article was based on factors affecting wheat quality and setting realistic spatial models in each part of the land for assessment of land suitability potentials in Beijing, China. The study employed artificial neural network (ANN) analysis to select factors and evaluate the relative importance of selected environment factors on wheat grain quality. The spatial models were developed and demonstrated their use in selecting the most suitable areas for the winter wheat cultivation. The strategy overcomes the non-accurate traditional statistical methods. Satellite images, toposheet, and ancillary data of the study area were used to find tillable land. These categories were formed by integrating the various layers with corresponding weights in geographical information system (GIS). An integrated land suitability potential (LSP) index was computed considering the contribution of various parameters of land suitability. The study demonstrated that the tillable land could be categorized into spatially distributed agriculture potential zones based on soil nutrient and assembled weather factors using RS and GIS as not suitable, marginally suitable, moderately suitable, suitable, and highly suitable by adopting the logical criteria. The sort of land distribution map made by the factors with their weights showed more truthfulness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 1419-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60135-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NDVI-Based Lacunarity Texture for Improving Identification of Torreya Using Object-Oriented Method","authors":"Ning HAN ,&nbsp;Jing WU ,&nbsp;Amir Reza Shah Tahmassebi ,&nbsp;Hong-wei XU ,&nbsp;Ke WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60136-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60136-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a very useful feature for differentiating vegetation and non-vegetation in remote sensed imagery. In the light of the function of NDVI and the spatial patterns of the vegetation landscapes, we proposed the lacunarity texture derived from NDVI to characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation landscapes concerning the “gappiness” or “emptiness” characteristics. The NDVI-based lacunarity texture was incorporated into object-oriented classification for improving the identification of vegetation categories, especially Torreya which was the targeted tree species in the present research. A three-level hierarchical network of image objects was defined and the proposed texture was integrated as potential sources of information in the rules base. A knowledge base of rules created by classifier C5.0 indicated that the texture could potentially be applied in object-oriented classification. It was found that the addition of such texture improved the identification of every vegetation category. The results demonstrated that the texture could characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation structures, which could be a promising approach for vegetation identification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 1431-1444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60136-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the Mesophyllous Cells in the Sheaths of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Zhao-wu GUO ,&nbsp;Hua-feng DENG ,&nbsp;Shu-yuan LI ,&nbsp;Lang-tao XIAO ,&nbsp;Zhi-yuan HUANG ,&nbsp;Qiang HE ,&nbsp;Zhi-gang HUANG ,&nbsp;He-song LI ,&nbsp;Ruo-zhong WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60128-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60128-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The photosynthesis of rice sheath plays a significant role to furnish rice yield, and it is accounted for 10 to 20% of the final yield. But, limited studies have been done to address this phenomenon and to characterize the mesophyllous cells of rice sheath and how it may attribute to the rice yield. In this paper, super hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu, its parents Wumang 9311 and Peiai 64S, and hybrid rice Shanyou 63 were studied as the experimental materials, and the characteristics of the mesophyllous cells of rice sheaths were examined by microscopic and super-microscopic observation as well as chlorophyll absorption spectrums. The results showed that rice sheath was rich in the intact mesophyllous cells full of chloroplasts, grana and thylakoids, which were much the same as those of rice blade. The absorption spectrum curves of the Chi. <em>a</em> and <em>b</em> of the sheaths were similar to those of the blades. The stomatal density in the outer epidermises of the sheaths was comparable to those in the up- and down-epidermises of the blades. The significant tests proved that the amount of chloroplast per mesophyllous cell of the sheaths was almost the same as those of the blades, and the mesophyllous cells in the sheaths were also rich in chlorophylls. The chlorophyll content of rice sheath reached about 50% of the chlorophyll content of rice blade, and the <em>P_n</em> of the sheath/the blade ranged from 13.60 to 34.57%. Therefore, rice sheath was also full of the intact photosynthetic apparatus similar to those in rice blade, and had capabilities of photosynthesis. The statistical analysis revealed that the physiological senescence of the photosynthetic apparatus in both the sheath and the blade of Liangyoupeijiu was significantly slower than those of the other varieties at the late stages. The profuse grain-filling stage was an inflexion point of the physiological senescence of the chloroplasts and the chlorophylls of both the blades and the sheaths.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 1354-1364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60128-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flower Development and Anatomy of Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis (Leighton) Leighton","authors":"Di ZHANG ,&nbsp;Xiao-hui SHEN ,&nbsp;Li-huan ZHUO","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60129-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60129-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Floral buds of <em>Agapanthus praecox</em> ssp. <em>orientalis</em> were observed under dissecting and optical microscope to characterize floral organs development and to study relationships between anther development and microsporogenesis. Floral organs differentiation was comprised of 6 distinct stages including nought differentiation, inflorescence bud differentiation, floret primordia differentiation, tepal primordia differentiation, stamen primordia differentiation, and pistil primordia differentiation. Six tepals differentiated almost simultaneously which cross arranged in space and appeared in hexagonal distribution pattern. Six stamens were differentiated inside the tepals at the same time. Finally, 3 carpel primordia differentiated and formed syncarpous pistil. The whole process of floral bud differentiation took approximately 40 d with the first 3 stages developing more slowly than the later 3 stages. Morphology and color of the anther underwent obvious changes during the period between stamen primordia differentiation and anther maturation. Microspores also underwent significant development during this same interval. The relationship between the process of microsporogenesis and anther development has already been made clear by the squash technique.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 1365-1373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60129-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Expression of a β-actin Gene from Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)","authors":"Hong-bo JIANG ,&nbsp;Guang-mao SHEN ,&nbsp;Wei DOU ,&nbsp;Pei-an TANG ,&nbsp;Yong-hua LIU ,&nbsp;An-wei ZHOU ,&nbsp;Jin-jun WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60132-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60132-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A <em>β-actin</em> gene, <em>Libβ-actinl</em>, from the psocid, <em>Liposcelis bostrychophila</em>, was isolated, sequenced, and expressed in <em>Escherichia coli.</em> The cDNA sequence was 1 281 bp in length and contained an open reading frame of 1 131 bp encoding 376 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 41.82 kDa. According to a BlastN search, the coding region shared the highest identity (97%) with <em>Pediculus humanus actin 5C</em>, while the deduced amino acid sequence was completely identical to a mutant of <em>Drosophila melanogaster actin 5C.</em> Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences confirmed the high similarity between <em>Libβ-actinl</em> and homologs in other insect species. The 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of the <em>Libβ-actinl</em> mRNA had a high A+U content (approximately 75%) and contained three repeats of the AUUUUUA and AUUUA motifs, which may play a role in regulating mRNA decay. The expression of <em>Libβ-actinl</em> was further analyzed in insecticide induced and control psocids. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in expression of <em>Libβ-actinl</em> between the induced and control groups, suggesting that <em>Libβ-actinl</em> may be an appropriate internal control for the gene expression profiling in this insect. Furthermore, <em>Libβ-actinl</em> was also heterologously expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em>, which provided a basis to investigate the physiological functions of actin genes in the psocid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 1391-1401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60132-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization and Expression Pattern of Rheb Gene in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat (Capra hircus)","authors":"Xu ZHENG,&nbsp;Jiao-fu YANG,&nbsp;Xiao-jing WANG,&nbsp;Yan LIANG,&nbsp;Man-lin WU,&nbsp;Jie-jun SHI,&nbsp;Tao ZHANG,&nbsp;Yin QIN,&nbsp;Shu-yu LI,&nbsp;Xi-yan HAO,&nbsp;Zhi-gang WANG,&nbsp;Dong-jun LIU","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60138-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60138-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As one member of the Ras super family, Rheb is an upstream regulator of mTOR signaling pathway, which regulates the process of cell-growth, proliferation and differentiation. In order to study the relationship between Rheb and mTOR in Inner Mongolian Cashmere goat (<em>Capra hircus</em>) cells, Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) gene cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR. It is 555 bp in length and includes the complete ORF encoding 184 amino acids (GenBank accession no. HM569224). The full cDNA nucleotide sequence has a 99% identity with that of sheep, 98% with cattle and 93% with human while their amino acids sequence shares identity with 98, 97 and 97% of them, correspondingly. The bio informatics analysis showed that Rheb has a Ras family domain, two casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, two ATP/GTP-binding sites motif A (P-loop), a prenyl group binding site (CAAX box). Tissue-specific expression analysis performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The Rheb gene was expressed in all the tested tissues and the highest level of mRNA accumulation was detected in brain, suggesting that Rheb played an important role in goat cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 9","pages":"Pages 1452-1458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60138-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56761693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}