Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)最新文献

{"title":"A new mechanism underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia - attenuated mRNA transport of the complex I subunit NDUFV2 by its pseudogene NDUFV2P1.","authors":"Rachel Karry, Dorit Ben-Shachar","doi":"10.1038/s41537-026-00772-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-026-00772-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While schizophrenia (SZ) etiology remains unclear, accumulating evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly complex-I of the respiratory chain and its essential free-electron scavenger subunit, NDUFV2, as a contributor to neuronal and behavioral impairments observed in SZ. Our recent studies suggest a potential role for the NDUFV2 pseudogene (NDUFV2P1) in NDUFV2 deficits. Here, we describe a mechanism by which NDUFV2P1 negatively controls NDUFV2 mRNA transport and its protein levels in SZ-derived lymphocyte cell lines (SZ-LCLs). We found increased NDUFV2P1 transcript levels in SZ frontal cortex postmortem specimens (SZ-FCX) and across all studied SZ-LCLs subcellular fractions. However, NDUFV2 levels were reduced in SZ-FCX and in all cell compartments, except for the nucleus, as compared to healthy subjects-derived LCLs (CTL-LCLs), suggesting its impaired nuclear export. Concomitantly, we observed increased NDUFV2P1, yet decreased NDUFV2 mRNA binding to NXF1, a key player in nuclear mRNA export. Overexpression of NDUFV2P1 in CTL-LCLs mimicked the SZ-state, reducing NDUFV2 levels and its binding to NXF1. The interactome of both mRNAs revealed an opposite binding profile for most RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in SZ-LCLs compared to CTL-LCLs. Pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially bound RBPs to both transcripts revealed additional potential interference sites for NDUFV2 and NDUFV2P1, including ribosomal-, spliceosome-, and RNA transport-related RBPs. This study uncovers a new mechanism in which NDUFV2P1 interferes with RBPs involved in regulating NDUFV2 transport from the nucleus to mitochondrial-bound ribosomes. While further validation is necessary to substantiate this mechanism, the findings highlight NDUFV2P1 potential as a means for regulating mitochondrial function and consequently energy metabolism in SZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148207051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive subtypes and brain network differences in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis.","authors":"Hillary N Patton, Jose O Maximo, Lauren Luther, Eric A Nelson, Adrienne C Lahti","doi":"10.1038/s41537-026-00771-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-026-00771-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive functioning within psychosis is heterogeneous, and data-driven approaches may help evaluate this heterogeneity. Brain network connectivity within first-episode psychosis (FEP) may provide an additional tool for understanding cognitive heterogeneity. FEP participants and healthy controls (HC) completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and premorbid intellectual functioning was estimated using The American National Adult Reading Test (AmNART). k-means clustering of RBANS domain scores identified cognitive subgroups within FEP. Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode (DMN), dorsal attention (DAN), executive control (ECN), and salience networks (SN) was assessed at baseline (prior to antipsychotic treatment), 6-, and 16 weeks. Voxelwise linear mixed models evaluated group-by-time interactions within each network. Two cognitive subgroups were identified within FEP (impaired and intact). All subjects had average premorbid intellectual functioning. At baseline, the cognitively impaired FEP subgroup showed reduced functional connectivity relative to healthy controls across regions within the DAN and ECN, with no significant differences observed between FEP subgroups (P_FDR < .05). Over time, the impaired subgroup exhibited fluctuating FC in the DAN and ECN, while the intact subgroup showed FC changes only in the ECN (P_FDR < .05). HCs also showed minor changes in the DAN and ECN. Distinct FEP cognitive subgroups show differential changes in FC. Notably, the impaired subgroup's shift from average premorbid intellectual functioning to impaired cognition suggests potential cognitive deterioration in a subset of psychosis participants. These results underscore the importance of considering both cognitive and neural heterogeneity in FEP.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: Japanese Expert Consensus 2025.","authors":"Yoshiteru Takekita, Hideaki Tani, Yasushi Kawamata, Asuka Katsuki, Hiroyuki Muraoka, Shinichiro Ochi, Hiromi Tagata, Kyosuke Sawada, Akira Nishi, Saki Hattori, Toshiaki Kikuchi, Hajime Baba, Masaki Kato, Koichiro Watanabe, Ken Inada, Norio Yasui-Furukori, Hitoshi Sakurai, Jun-Ichi Iga","doi":"10.1038/s41537-026-00770-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-026-00770-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional schizophrenia treatment guidelines do not adequately address all clinically important issues in routine practice. This study aimed to update the 2021 expert consensus of the Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology (JSCNP) to reflect the current clinical landscape. A total of 154 board-certified psychiatrists from the JSCNP and the Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology (JSNP) evaluated treatment options across 21 clinically relevant situations using a 9-point Likert scale (1 = \"strongly disagree\"; 9 = \"strongly agree\"); the response rate was 44%. First-line antipsychotics varied by predominant symptoms: risperidone, brexpiprazole, olanzapine, paliperidone, and blonanserin for positive symptoms; aripiprazole and brexpiprazole for negative symptoms and cognitive impairment; aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, lurasidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine for depression and anxiety; brexpiprazole, aripiprazole, and olanzapine for disorganized thinking; olanzapine and risperidone for excitement and aggression; and aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, and lurasidone for social integration. Brexpiprazole, quetiapine, and aripiprazole were first-line options for patients at high risk of extrapyramidal side effects or diabetes mellitus. Dose reduction or switching was the treatment of choice for tardive dyskinesia. Repeated recurrence, patient request, and poor medication adherence were indications for introducing long-acting injectable antipsychotics. Switching to clozapine was the treatment of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Adverse effects were the highest-rated factor for both dose reduction and simplification to antipsychotic monotherapy. Second-generation antipsychotics were rated as first- or second-line options in most situations, whereas first-generation antipsychotics were generally rated as third-line. These recommendations provide practical guidance for treatment selection and shared decision-making in clinically challenging situations not adequately addressed by existing evidence alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148152428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking back control of my mind.","authors":"Jason Jepson","doi":"10.1038/s41537-026-00743-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-026-00743-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial expressions and emotional experience during social interaction in autism and schizophrenia.","authors":"Vladimír Ivančík, Natália Čavojská, Alexandra Straková, Jakub Januška, Hana Celušáková, Ján Pečeňák, Anton Heretik, Michal Hajdúk","doi":"10.1038/s41537-026-00768-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-026-00768-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blunted affect is a transdiagnostic feature that impairs social functioning across psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia and autism. We quantified facial expression patterns and subjective emotional experience during standardized social interaction in 38 individuals with schizophrenia, 16 autistic adults, and 39 neurotypical adults using automated facial expression analysis. During social interaction, individuals with schizophrenia displayed more neutral expressions and reduced valence and arousal compared to neurotypical adults, whereas autistic adults showed typical facial expressions but subjectively experienced lower positive affect. These findings highlight distinct emotional profiles in schizophrenia and autism within social interactions, with blunted facial affect characterizing schizophrenia and reduced subjective positive affect characterizing autism.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13486720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo brain macromolecules in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.","authors":"Joshua Chiappelli, Hongji Chen, Stephanie A Korenic, Frank E Gaston, Zhenyao Ye, Hwiyoung Lee, Shuo Chen, S Andrea Wijtenburg, Laura M Rowland","doi":"10.1038/s41537-026-00767-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-026-00767-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain macromolecule signals detected with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are often regarded as a nuisance, but may be potential markers of pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, impaired glymphatic clearance, and damage to cellular membranes. To date, there is little published data on macromolecule levels in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). In this study, we used metabolite-nulled proton MRS to assess macromolecule signals in four brain regions of interest, the anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and white matter, in 24 people with SSD and 22 healthy controls. Participants were also assessed for cognitive performance and blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker. There were significant differences in macromolecule levels between people with SSD and controls in the left hippocampus. There were no significant associations of macromolecule levels with cognition, symptom severity, or CRP levels. There were significant associations of macromolecule levels in the striatum with current antipsychotic dose in the SSD group, and macromolecule levels in the anterior cingulate with subjective sleep quality. Except for the slight reductions in hippocampus, these results suggest that macromolecules may not be notably different in SSD and may not significantly impact MRS metabolite measures collected with short TE sequences, although larger studies are needed to confirm.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147977724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of fear learning in the development of psychosis: an EEG study utilizing a differential fear conditioning paradigm in people with psychotic vulnerability.","authors":"Metin Özyagcilar, Nilay Esin Ahrens-Demirdal, Anja Riesel, Tina B Lonsdorf, Tania M Lincoln","doi":"10.1038/s41537-026-00761-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-026-00761-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By studying how individuals in an \"at-risk\" state of psychosis learn about threat and safety cues - specifically, how they develop and unlearn fear responses to neutral cues - we might better understand the mechanisms leading to heightened arousal and fear that are characteristic of acute psychotic episodes. At-risk individuals (N = 88; of which 28 fulfilled ultra-high-risk criteria on the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States interview and 60 scored above a predefined threshold on the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences) and healthy controls (N = 44) underwent a standardized and validated differential fear conditioning paradigm including an acquisition, generalization, and extinction phase. The main outcomes of interest were the late positive potential, fear-potentiated startle, and self-reported ratings of valence, arousal, fear, and expectancy elicited by the conditioned stimuli (CS). The at-risk group exhibited diminished fear learning, evident in significantly reduced differentiation between the CS+ vs. CS- in the valence ratings compared to controls. Additionally, they demonstrated impaired fear extinction, evident in valence and arousal ratings, in which their CS differentiation showed a slower reduction than the controls. There were no group differences in late positive potential responses. At risk mental states appear to be associated with problems in distinguishing dangerous from safe stimuli and a diminished ability to adjust affective responses to conditioned stimuli based on new information, while the late-positive potential and fear-potentiated startle are unaltered. Early interventions could focus on recalibrating subjective emotional evaluations of fear-associated events.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated alterations in inflammation, endothelial function, and extracellular matrix pathways in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia.","authors":"Qun Yang, Xiaoyu Sun, Sichang Jin, Fei Jiang, Jiancheng Qiu, Juan Bao, Jing Cao, Peijuan Wang, Chuanwei Li, Xiaobin Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41537-026-00766-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-026-00766-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective peripheral biomarkers for early-stage schizophrenia are needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning. To identify potential biomarkers, we compared multiple serum factor concentrations between 90 first-episode drug-naïve patients and healthy matched controls, and further examined associations with symptom severity and cognitive functions among patients. Serum interleukin (IL)-8, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-7 concentrations were quantified by Luminex multiplex immunoassays, and log10-transformed values compared with adjustment for age, sex, years of education, body mass index, and smoking status. Associations with symptoms as assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and cognitive functions as assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were examined by Pearson's correlation analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed for case-control discrimination by receiver operating characteristic analysis with 10-fold cross-validation and calibration. Serum log10[IL-8] and log10[MMP-7] were higher while serum log10[MMP-2] and log10[VCAM-1] were lower in patients. Serum log10[MMP-2], log10[MMP-7], and log10[VCAM-1] were positively correlated among patients, whereas log10[IL-8] was not associated with this MMP/VCAM-1 axis. There were no stable linear associations with PANSS or RBANS scores. Serum log10[IL-8] demonstrated the highest single-marker discrimination (AUC = 0.742, 95%CI: 0.667-0.817), and the four-biomarker model further improved discrimination (AUC = 0.839, 95%CI: 0.781-0.897; 10-fold cross-validated AUC = 0.804). A Youden-derived threshold of 0.518 yielded 78.9% sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing cases. A serum inflammation-endothelium-extracellular matrix biomarker panel showed good discriminative performance in distinguishing first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia from controls in a case-control sample; external validation and potential recalibration in real-world cohorts are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13408581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clozapine prescribing in Germany: temporal trends and regional variations, 2012-2022.","authors":"Oliver H F Scholle, Oliver Riedel, Mishal Qubad, Michael Dörks, Bianca Kollhorst, Robert A Bittner, Christian J Bachmann","doi":"10.1038/s41537-026-00763-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-026-00763-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clozapine is the most effective and only approved drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Studies based on data up to 2014 concluded that it is underutilized in most industrialized countries, including Germany. Since 2019, national guidelines have explicitly been recommending clozapine as first-line therapy in TRS. We aimed to assess whether clozapine use in Germany has increased in recent years and to examine regional variations. Using claims data covering about 20% of the German population (GePaRD), we calculated the yearly prescription prevalence and incidence of clozapine among individuals aged 0-64 years based on outpatient dispensations. For 2022, we also assessed regional variations in clozapine prescription prevalence at the district level (restricted to N = 202 districts with ≥20,000 individuals). From 2012 to 2022, the overall (age- and sex-standardized) prescription prevalence of clozapine continuously decreased by 16% (from 77.6 to 65.5 per 100,000). The relative decline was greatest in women aged 30-39 years (-51%) and in men aged 30-34 years (-57%), in urban areas (large urban cities: -23%; urban districts: -16%), and in regions with high socioeconomic status (-22%). Over the same period, the overall prescription incidence of clozapine decreased by 41%. In 2022, regional clozapine prescription prevalence differed up to 39-fold. In conclusion, clozapine prescribing in Germany did not increase from 2012 to 2022, despite new clozapine-favoring guidelines, and showed substantial regional variation. Our results suggest a persisting underutilization of clozapine in most of Germany. Further research on barriers and facilitators for clozapine use in Germany is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13176340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alexithymia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and dissociative disorders: two meta-analytic reviews.","authors":"Bryan Ho-Wang Yu, Joyce Ho, Suzanne Ho-Wai So","doi":"10.1038/s41537-026-00765-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-026-00765-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs) and dissociative disorders (DDs) often co-occur, and both show emotion processing deficits. Alexithymia-comprising difficulty identifying feelings (DIF), difficulty describing feelings (DDF), and externally oriented thinking (EOT)-is considered a shared vulnerability factor, yet the relative prominence of each facet within and across these disorders remains uncertain. The current two meta-analyses synthesised severity of overall alexithymia and its facets in SSDs (Meta-analysis 1) or DDs (Meta-analysis 2) compared to psychiatrically healthy controls. A preregistered search of PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase (1970-31 December 2024) identified adult case-control studies. Pooled Hedges' g values were estimated with random-effects meta-analysis models, then compared across diagnoses (moderator analyses) with mixed-effects meta-analysis models. Meta-analysis 1 pooled 27 SSD studies (1477 patients, 1249 controls). Meta-analysis 2 pooled 30 DD studies (842 patients, 796 controls). Both patient groups scored higher than controls on overall alexithymia and all facets. In SSDs, DIF showed the largest group effect (g = 0.894; CI 0.667-1.122), whereas DDF (g = 0.622; CI 0.468-0.775) and EOT (g = 0.585; CI 0.400-0.770) showed moderate effects. In DDs, both DIF (g = 1.311; CI 0.991-1.632) and DDF (g = 0.954; CI 0.707-1.202) showed large effects, whereas EOT (g = 0.427; CI 0.163-0.690) showed a small-to-moderate effect. Between the disorder groups, after removing extreme effects, DDs exhibited greater DIF and DDF than SSDs, whereas SSDs showed higher EOT. Heterogeneity was moderate-to-high, and publication bias was possible in SSD studies. Alexithymia is a significant transdiagnostic deficit, but its facet profiles differ between SSDs and DDs. Emotion-focused interventions should therefore target facet-specific deficits prominent to each disorder group.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13415523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}