Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)最新文献

{"title":"Validating large language models against manual information extraction from case reports of drug-induced parkinsonism in patients with schizophrenia spectrum and mood disorders: a proof of concept study.","authors":"Sebastian Volkmer, Alina Glück, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Emanuel Schwarz, Dusan Hirjak","doi":"10.1038/s41537-025-00601-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-025-00601-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this proof of concept study, we demonstrated how Large Language Models (LLMs) can automate the conversion of unstructured case reports into clinical ratings. By leveraging instructions from a standardized clinical rating scale and evaluating the LLM's confidence in its outputs, we aimed to refine prompting strategies and enhance reproducibility. Using this strategy and case reports of drug-induced Parkinsonism, we showed that LLM-extracted data closely align with clinical rater manual extraction, achieving an accuracy of 90%.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"11 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common and unique white matter fractional anisotropy patterns in patients with schizophrenia with medication-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations: a retrospective tract-based spatial statistics study.","authors":"Chuanjun Zhuo, Chao Li, Xiaoyan Ma, Ranli Li, Ximing Chen, Yachen Li, Qiuyu Zhang, Lei Yang, Lina Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41537-025-00597-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-025-00597-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are experienced by the majority of patients with schizophrenia and are often resistant to treatment with antipsychotic agents. White matter (WM) tract abnormalities are associated with AVH treatment efficacy. Using a retrospective design, 115 patients with schizophrenia with AVHs, 48 with medication-resistant AVHs and 67 with treatable AVHs, and 70 healthy controls (HCs) were selected from the database of our cohort study for 5-year follow-up assessment. WM tract integrity was measured using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) at baseline and after 5 years of antipsychotic agent treatment. The fractional anisotropy (FA) value was used to demonstrate WM tract alterations in patients with schizophrenia with medication-resistant AVHs, in patients with schizophrenia with treatable AVHs, and in HCs. Our data demonstrated that medication-resistant patients showed significantly greater FA values in the corpus callosum (CC) fasciculus at baseline and in the corticospinal tract post-treatment compared to HCs, but the baseline difference in the CC fasciculus was no longer significant after 5 years of antipsychotic agent treatment. The medication-resistant AVH group exhibited greater FA values in the superior longitudinal fasciculus after 5 years of antipsychotic agent treatment. Compared to the HC group, the treatable AVH group exhibited significantly greater FA values in the visual radiation and CC after 5 years of antipsychotic agent treatment. In the medication-resistant and treatable groups, common WM tract abnormalities were noted, as greater FA values were observed in the CC group at baseline compared to the HC group. At the same time, distinct abnormalities were noted, as greater FA values were observed in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, which may contribute to medication-resistant AVHs, whereas abnormalities in the CC fasciculus may contribute to both treatable and medication-resistant AVHs. In the HCs, a decrease in FA values in the posterior CC was observed after 5 years of observation compared to baseline. In summary, patients with treatment-resistant AVHs with schizophrenia and patients with treatable AVHs with schizophrenia have common and distinct abnormalities in the WM tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"11 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobiology-based cognitive biotypes using multi-scale intrinsic connectivity networks in psychotic disorders.","authors":"Pablo Andrés-Camazón, Covadonga M Diaz-Caneja, Ram Ballem, Jiayu Chen, Vince D Calhoun, Armin Iraji","doi":"10.1038/s41537-025-00593-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-025-00593-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding neurobiology and developing effective interventions for cognitive dysfunction in psychotic disorders remain elusive. Insufficient knowledge about the biological heterogeneity of cognitive dysfunction hinders progress. We aimed to identify subgroups of patients with psychosis and distinct patterns of functional brain alterations related to cognition (cognitive biotypes). We analyzed B-SNIP consortium data (2 270 participants including participants with psychotic disorders, relatives, and controls, 55% females). We used reference-informed independent component analysis with the standardized and fully automated framework NeuroMark and the 100k multi-scale intrinsic connectivity networks (ICN) template to obtain subject-specific ICNs and whole-brain functional network connectivity (FNC). FNC features associated with cognitive performance were identified using multivariate joint analysis. K-means clustering identified patient subgroups based on these features. Two biotypes with different functional brain alteration patterns were identified. Relative to controls, biotype 1 exhibited hypoconnectivity in cerebellar-subcortical and somatomotor-visual networks and worse cognitive performance. Biotype 2 exhibited hyperconnectivity in somatomotor-subcortical networks, hypoconnectivity in somatomotor-high cognitive processing networks, and better-preserved cognitive performance. Demographic, clinical, cognitive, and FNC characteristics of biotypes were consistent in discovery and replication sets and in relatives. 76.56% of relatives were assigned to a psychosis biotype, of those, 70.12% were to the same biotype as their affected family members. These findings suggest two distinctive psychosis-related cognitive biotypes with differing functional brain patterns shared with their relatives. Instead of traditional diagnosis, patient stratification based on these biotypes may help optimize future research and identify biological targets for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"11 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Efficacy of xanomeline and trospium chloride in schizophrenia: pooled results from three 5-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, EMERGENT trials.","authors":"Inder Kaul, Sharon Sawchak, Amy Claxton, Colin Sauder, Howard H Hassman, Rishi Kakar, David P Walling, Leslie Citrome, Haiyuan Zhu, Andrew C Miller, Stephen K Brannan","doi":"10.1038/s41537-025-00595-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-025-00595-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"11 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation of the virtual assessment of mentalizing ability and evaluation of its utility and psychometric properties in Chinese individuals on the schizophrenia spectrum.","authors":"Yuan Cao, Winnie W Y So, Yi Wang, Ding-Ding Hu, Yi Xie, Jie Gu, Raymond C K Chan, David H K Shum","doi":"10.1038/s41537-025-00594-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-025-00594-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia is associated with impairments in theory of mind (ToM), the ability to understand and attribute mental states. However, the nature of the deficits across ToM subconstructs (viz., first- and second-order cognitive ToM, and first- and second-order affective ToM) remains unclear, partly due to assessment issues. The current study aimed to first adapt an ecologically valid ToM assessment tool, namely, the Virtual Assessment of Mentalizing Ability (VAMA), for use among healthy Chinese individuals (Study 1). We then compared 39 schizophrenia patients with 37 controls, and 48 individuals with high social anhedonia (SA) with 54 individuals with low SA (Study 2) using the adapted version of VAMA and Yoni Task. Results of Study 1 showed that the adapted VAMA demonstrated acceptable reliability (item-total correlation and test-retest reliability for total score, r = 0.731, p_FDR < 0.01) and construct validity (main effect of Order and Type). In Study 2, schizophrenia patients performed significantly worse than controls, making more \"hypermentalizing\" and \"no mentalizing\" ToM errors. Moreover, hypermentalizing error in the patient group was found to be significantly associated with their negative symptoms (r = 0.388, p_FDR < 0.05). Interestingly, the VAMA results differed from those of the Yoni Task, possibly due to differences in task complexity. Finally, individuals with high SA showed impairments in second-order cognitive ToM compared to the controls. Overall, our findings suggest that the VAMA can be adapted for use in China, and is sensitive to ToM impairments in clinical and at-risk groups. Limitations on the psychometric properties were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"11 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of relapse after discontinuing antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.","authors":"Ling Li, Thi Hung Le, Woo Sung Kim, Soyolsaikhan Odkhuu, Chae Yeong Kang, Ariana Setiani, EunJin Jeon, Fatima Zahra Rami, Young-Chul Chung","doi":"10.1038/s41537-025-00592-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-025-00592-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied 61 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who discontinued medication after achieving symptomatic remission. Over 3 years, relapse rates were significantly higher in those not meeting full recovery (p = 0.006) or remission (p < 0.001) criteria, with rates up to twice as high. Significant differences between relapsed and maintained groups included age at onset (p = 0.004), age at discontinuation (p = 0.009), and proportions meeting full recovery (p = 0.001) or remission (p = 0.003). Univariate Cox regression identified older age of onset (p = 0.038), lack of full recovery (p = 0.008) or remission (p = 0.001), and higher positive symptom score (p = 0.018) as predictors of relapse. In multivariate analysis, only full remission remained significant (p = 0.002). Our findings suggest that in making decision about discontinuation, applying more strict approaches, i.e., full recovery or remission criteria and detailed assessment of positive symptoms are critical and essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"11 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between white blood cell counts and the efficacy on cognitive function after rTMS intervention in schizophrenia.","authors":"Suzhen Ye, Bailing Wang, Heling Sui, Meihong Xiu, Fengchun Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41537-025-00590-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-025-00590-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>rTMS has shown some effect in improving cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia. However, these findings were controversial, and specific mechanisms of action and optimal therapeutic parameters still require further investigation. This study aimed to examine predictive biomarkers of the efficacy of rTMS in cognitive improvement in schizophrenia. A secondary analysis of a previous randomized, controlled trial was performed. Fifty-six patients were allocated to the active rTMS and 28 to the sham group. Patients received 6 weeks of treatment and were followed up for 18 weeks. Cognition was assessed and blood biomarkers were measured in all patients. In patients with schizophrenia, there was a significant interaction between time and group on immediate memory. Furthermore, this study found that after controlling for confounders, patients with higher baseline white blood cell (WBC) counts showed less improvement in immediate memory after rTMS than patients with lower WBC counts. Linear regression analysis showed that WBC counts were associated with immediate memory improvement after rTMS treatment. Our results reveal that WBC counts at baseline correlated with the response to rTMS in patients with schizophrenia. Patients with higher baseline WBC counts improved less after rTMS intervention than those with lower WBC counts.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"11 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in acute Schizophrenia: a cluster analysis of heart rate variability parameters.","authors":"Alexander Refisch, Andy Schumann, Yubraj Gupta, Steffen Schulz, Andreas Voss, Berend Malchow, Karl-Jürgen Bär","doi":"10.1038/s41537-025-00589-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-025-00589-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Underlying biological mechanisms leading to the dramatically increased cardiac mortality in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) are largely unknown. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CADF), which has been extensively described in patients with SCZ, represents an important physiological link to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the prevalence of CADF in patients with SCZ using HRV across multiple domains (time and frequency, nonlinear dynamics, complexity measures, symbolic dynamics, and segmented Poincaré plot analysis). HRV-based clustering classified 119 SCZ patients as having or not having CADF based on deviations from 119 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Our findings showed that approximately half of the patients had normal cardiac autonomic function, while the other half had significant abnormalities. The severity of CADF correlated with age, body mass indes (BMI), disease duration, and symptom severity. About half of SCZ patients have significant CADF, which increases their risk for cardiac events. These findings highlight the potential of HRV-based biomarkers in improving CVD risk prediction and stratification in SCZ. Future research should explore integrating HRV analysis with other biomarkers to enhance early detection and intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"11 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weaker beta desynchronization indicates impaired emotion recognition in schizophrenia.","authors":"Gábor Csukly, Hajnalka Molnár, Csilla Marosi, Zsuzsanna Fodor, Kinga Farkas","doi":"10.1038/s41537-025-00591-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-025-00591-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In schizophrenia, deficits in social cognition, such as facial emotion identification, have a significant impact on patient's daily functioning and quality of life. We analyzed the beta event-related desynchronization (ERD) associated with emotional facial displays to understand better both phase-locked (i.e., neural activity and corresponding EEG response have a fixed latency after the stimulus onset) and non-phase-locked, induced (i.e. the latency of the response is not fixed) electrophysiological correlates of emotion recognition. 128 channels of EEG data from 37 patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy controls were analyzed. Study groups were matched by sex age, and education. Participants had to identify facial displays of happiness, sadness, and neutral faces from the 'Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF)' database. The time window of 300-700 ms was chosen to analyze spectral perturbation in the beta range associated with the presented emotional faces. Beta desynchronization was observed in both groups. We observed weaker beta ERD in patients. Weaker beta desynchronization correlated with poorer emotion recognition performance in the same time window in the patient group with a maximum correlation at the frontocentral region. Our main finding is that impaired emotion processing in patients with schizophrenia manifested as weaker beta desynchronization when perceiving faces reflecting sad and happy emotions or neutral facial expressions. Furthermore, less prominent beta desynchronization was associated with poorer emotion recognition performance in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"11 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core beliefs in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"A Jorovat, R Twumasi, A Mechelli, A Georgiades","doi":"10.1038/s41537-025-00577-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41537-025-00577-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing interest is growing for the identification of psychological mechanisms to account for the influence of trauma on psychosis, with core beliefs being proposed as a putative mediator to account for this relationship. A systematic review (n = 79 studies) was conducted to summarise the existing evidence base regarding the role of core beliefs/schemas in psychosis, Clinical High-Risk (CHR), and non-clinical samples with Psychotic-Like Experiences (PLEs). Compared to Healthy Controls (HCs), individuals with psychosis experiencing Auditory Hallucinations or Persecutory Delusions had significantly higher scores for negative self and negative other-beliefs and significantly lower scores for positive self and positive other-beliefs. This pattern of core beliefs was also observed for CHR individuals. In contrast, the core belief profile for grandiose delusions was in the opposite direction: higher positive self and positive other-beliefs and lower negative self-beliefs. In non-clinical samples, several factors mediated the relationship between Traumatic Life Events (TLEs) and PLEs, such as greater perceived stress, dissociation, external locus of control, and negative self and negative other-beliefs. Compared to HCs, meta-analyses revealed statistically significant large effects for negative self and negative other-beliefs in Schizophrenia. In CHR, statistically significant large and moderate effects were found for negative self and negative other-beliefs, respectively, along with a moderate negative effect for positive self-beliefs. Core beliefs were found to play a significant role in the development and maintenance of positive symptoms of psychosis. The development of psychosocial interventions that explicitly target negative self and other-beliefs, whilst also enhancing positive self-beliefs are warranted and would innovate CBTp practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":74758,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"11 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}