Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery最新文献

{"title":"Frontiers in Ocular Therapy: Linking Nanoparticles to Patho- Therapeutic Outcomes in Keratitis Treatment.","authors":"Ruchi Tiwari, Dharmamoorthy G, Vasanth Kumar Mohan, Iswariya V T, Ronald Darwin C","doi":"10.2174/0127724344448399260619162243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724344448399260619162243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keratitis is a critical inflammation of the cornea caused by chemical agents due to bacterial, fungal, or viral pathogens. It significantly contributes to the global burden of vision loss and blindness in older adults. Antimicrobial treatment helps fight different types of bacteria. Conventional treatments are less effective owing to poor ocular drug bioavailability, rapid tear clearance, and drug-resistant microbes. Recent developments in nanotechnology hold promise for circumventing these limitations via improved delivery, targeting, and combination therapies. This study provides a critical review of the pathogenesis of microbial keratitis and a systematic assessment of emerging therapeutic approaches based on nanotechnology, including piezodynamic therapy (PZDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), nanoenzymes, and metal ions. The assessment of each modality is based on its mechanism of action, effectiveness against biofilm-embedded pathogens, ability to modulate immune responses, and potential use with advanced drug delivery systems, such as microneedle patches, functionalized nanoparticles, and responsive hydrogels. This review also highlights the role of nanocarriers in improving drug retention, reducing systemic toxicity, and enabling targeted drug delivery to infected corneal tissue. Toxicity, regulatory hurdles, and therapeutic consistency pose challenges to clinical translation. This review presents a comprehensive outlook on the potential of nanomedicine in keratitis therapy using microbiology, immunology, materials science, and clinical ophthalmology. The goal is to inform future research and foster interdisciplinary approaches that will result in treatments that are more effective, safer, and patient-focused for this vision-impairing condition. Nanotechnology-enabled ocular therapies may overcome existing drug delivery limitations and improve clinical outcomes in microbial keratitis, as noted in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":74643,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polysaccharide-functionalized Nanoemulsions for Enhanced Gastric Targeting in Helicobacter pylori-induced Peptic Ulcers: An Integrative Drug-delivery Perspective.","authors":"Pranav Sisodia, Shikha Baghel Chauhan, Chirag Jain, Indu Singh","doi":"10.2174/0127724344466961260618052224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724344466961260618052224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helicobacter pylori infection causes peptic ulcer disease that affects a huge population of the world. The resistance to antibiotics is increasing so fast that the efficacy of the traditional eradication therapies is declining, as the bacterium can develop protective biofilms, and mutations in the genes 23SrRNA (responding to clarithromycin), and rdxA (responding to metronidazole) are emerging. This review discusses how polysaccharide- coated nanoemulsions (PCNs) can be a promising new way of drug delivery to address these major problems. In this review, the preclinical information on PCN development and application is gathered. Colloidal mixtures of oil and water (so-called nanoemulsions (NEs)) could be produced by high-energy processes (high-pressure homogenization and ultrasonication) or by low-energy processes (phase inversion temperature). NEs enhance the bioavailability and solubility of poorly soluble antibiotics or natural bioactive compounds (curcumin). The polysaccharide coating is advantageous in two aspects: Mucoadhesion, the association to the gastric negative mucosa, which increases gastroretention, thereby prolonging the period of contact of the drug where the infection is occurring. Increased penetration, through which the small size and polymer properties of the nanocarrier enable its penetration through bacterial biofilms, which is a major cause of therapy failure. This breach and bombardment strategy can attain high local levels of drugs, overcoming resistance mechanisms such as efflux pumps and getting rid of persisting bacteria by co-encapsulating antibiotics with biofilm-disrupting agents. PCNs come out as an alternative that can help enhance the eradication rates of H. pylori. This nanoformulation can be an effective answer to improve clinical outcomes in the management of peptic ulcers by improving drug stability, targeting the gastric mucosa, and overcoming the issue of antibiotic resistance, as well as biofilm challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":74643,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Therapeutic Approaches to Restrict SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Review.","authors":"Seema Rohilla, Rahul Sharma, Shivam Kumar Handa, Sumit Maan","doi":"10.2174/0127724344386727251103080314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724344386727251103080314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organisation (WHO) classified the novel coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2, as a public health catastrophe of worldwide concern in late 2019 because of its severe economic damage and unexpected global medical crisis. This illness has spread to over 200 different nations and territories as of June 2020, with approximately 7.6 million confirmed instances and over 0.42 million verified deaths. The hunt for an effective treatment is accelerating, although a number of vaccine candidates have entered clinical investigations, and little information about their safety and effectiveness in humans has been made public. Traditionally, serious respiratory infections are treated with natural medicinal products. The optimum stability and ease of manufacturing scale-up make oral formulations ideal candidates for prophylactics. In the present review, we have summarized the etiology and the inhibitory effect of allopathic, Ayurvedic, homeopathic, and Chinese medicines against human coronavirus. We have demonstrated that repurposing several readily accessible drugs and herbal remedies as preventive measures can be an effective way to prevent or at least slow down virus transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":74643,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148399953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Evaluation of Thioridazine-modified Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives as Antitubercular Agents.","authors":"Satheeshkumar Sellamuthu, Boopathi Thangaraj, Dileep Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0127724344447896260611074636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724344447896260611074636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although thioridazine has shown antitubercular potential, its neuroleptic effects limit its safe repurposing as an anti-TB agent. This study aimed to develop thioridazine-based drug candidates with reduced ability to cross the BBB while retaining antitubercular efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The synthesized tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives were evaluated for antitubercular and antibacterial activity using the Alamar Blue and disc diffusion assays, respectively, alongside BBB permeability (PAMPA) and cytotoxicity (MTT, VERO cells) assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compounds 10e, 11e, and 13e exhibited the strongest activity against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv with an MIC of 3.13 μg/mL. The activity was associated with meta- and para-substituted nitro and carboxylic groups, whereas ortho substitution and other substituents reduced potency. The activity of these compounds was comparable to that of pyrazinamide but lower than that of isoniazid and ethambutol. The compounds showed greater antibacterial activity against S. aureus than E. coli. The PAMPA-BBB permeability study showed reduced permeability compared with thioridazine (2.1-2.6 × 10⁻⁸ m/s). Cytotoxicity study demonstrated high selectivity towards M. tuberculosis over VERO cells (SI > 44). Docking analysis suggested a favorable interaction with CmaA2.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The electron-withdrawing substituents at meta- and para-positions enhanced antitubercular potency, whereas ortho substitution was found unfavorable. Although MIC values approached those of pyrazinamide, therapeutic equivalence cannot be assumed due to mechanistic differences. Reduced BBB permeability suggests improved CNS safety over thioridazine, though limited CNS exposure may still occur. High selectivity and CmaA2 binding support these compounds as promising leads, warranting further validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thioridazine-derived tetrahydrocarbazoles showed antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC values comparable to pyrazinamide. Further, the lead compounds demonstrated reduced BBB permeability and favourable selectivity towards M. tuberculosis over VERO cells. The docking study provided supportive, nonmechanistic insights into possible CmaA2 interaction. These findings warrant further in vivo evaluation and mechanistic investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74643,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Antimicrobial Evaluations of Thiazole and Oxindole Derivatives.","authors":"Mohd Faiyyaz, Abdul Rahman Khan, Iqbal Azad","doi":"10.2174/0127724344455035260615103948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724344455035260615103948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now driven by the increasing failure of standard antibiotics and antifungals, highlighting the urgent need for new therapeutic agents. Heterocyclic compounds, such as thiazole and oxindole, have been targeted in medicinal chemistry due to their structural diversity, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and broad biological potential. Thiazole derivatives exhibit potent antibacterial and antifungal activities, owing to structural modifications or combinations with other drugs. Oxindole-based compounds also offer advantages due to their conformational flexibility and druglikeness profiles. Several studies have investigated hybrid molecules incorporating thiazole and oxindole scaffolds, focusing on their antimicrobial activities. Here, we reported various thiazole and oxindole scaffolds with antimicrobial activity, focusing on recent strategies for synthetic combination and their structure-activity relationship (SAR).</p>","PeriodicalId":74643,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico Guided Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of s-Triazine Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Agents.","authors":"Khyatirupa Sarma, Zartaj Washmin Banu, Lima Patowary, Aminul Islam, Nasreen Ahmed, Seemanta Nayan Das, Rinkita Roy, Sonam Bhutia, Jun Moni Kalita","doi":"10.2174/0127724344446544260614183206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724344446544260614183206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The 1, 3, 5 symmetric triazine ring is widely explored in drug design and discovery due to its broad pharmacological activities and structural versatility. The present study focuses on the development of novel triazine derivatives with potential antibacterial properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A library of molecules was designed, and the molecules were screened using molecular docking, and the top 8 lead-like candidates were selected for synthesis. Selected molecules were synthesized using a microwave-assisted synthetic procedure and characterized using various analytical techniques, followed by evaluation of antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Binding energies ranged from -36 to -137 kcal/mol for 2W9G and -61 to -111 kcal/mol for 6CXK. In the antimicrobial evaluation, compound 3d-4 exhibited the best result against S. aureus, whereas molecules 3a-2 and 3a-3 demonstrated the highest activity against E. coli, indicating strong target affinity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>It was found that the synthesized molecules exhibited comparable but lower antibacterial activity compared to the standard chloramphenicol. It was also noticed that the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds nearly aligns with the score found in the molecular docking study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The synthesized triazine derivatives showed notable antimicrobial activity, indicating their potential as a lead compound which can be further redesigned to increase their activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74643,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Hospital-acquired Infection among COVID-19 Patients Attending Intensive Care Unit: A Single-center Descriptive Study.","authors":"Muhammad Gulzada, Rukhsana Yasmeen, Komal Jamil, Ijaz Batool, Najmul Sahar Ilyas, Tarique Hussain, Hafiza Fizzah Riaz, Saqib Mahmood, Yasir Nawaz, Afsha Bibi","doi":"10.2174/0127724344441440260601090057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724344441440260601090057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The emergence of COVID-19 and the resulting disease necessitated significant changes to the healthcare system. The effect of hospital-acquired infection on the healthcare system and patients is significant and continues to grow. Antimicrobial resistance is particularly concerning in intensive care units (ICUs), where options for empiric therapy are limited. The misuse of antibiotics and reduced surveillance for antibioticresistant species may contribute to resistance. This study was designed to assess antibiotic resistance patterns and hospital-acquired infections among COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 31 culture and sensitivity reports from COVID-19-positive patients who were admitted to the hospital were obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Burkholderia cepacia was the most frequently detected pathogen in blood samples, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Others included Pseudomonas species and Escherichia coli in urine and ascitic fluid. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns indicated that Polymyxin B is effective against multiple organisms, while B. cepacia responds to Levofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Cotrimoxazole, Meropenem, Minocycline, and Ceftazidime. E. coli in urine samples is sensitive to Fosfomycin, Amikacin, and Nitrofurantoin. An A. baumannii strain in blood is resistant to all tested antibiotics, indicating multidrug-resistance. K. pneumoniae demonstrated limited susceptibility, primarily to Polymyxin B and fourth-generation Cefepime.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The frequent isolation of B. cepacia in blood suggests further investigation. The reliance on Polymyxin B in multiple cases indicates extensive drug-resistant infections, emphasizing the need for robust antibiotic stewardship.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies B. cepacia, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae as the top three organisms in culture, while the most effective antibiotics against multidrug-resistant organisms are Polymyxin B, Levofloxacin, and Ceftazidime.</p>","PeriodicalId":74643,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, In silico Studies, and Biological Evaluation of Benzotriazole-Fused Thiazole-containing Schiff Bases as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Microbial Infections in Respiratory Disorders.","authors":"Sushil Kumar, Neelima Gupta, Jatin Kishore Sharma, Akhlesh Kumari","doi":"10.2174/0127724344445896260519142339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724344445896260519142339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory disorders pose a significant global health challenge, often worsened by bacterial and fungal infections. Schiff bases have gained attention for their antimicrobial properties, making them promising candidates for drug development and potential patent applications. This study explores the synthesis, computational analysis, and biological evaluation of thiazole-containing Schiff bases as therapeutic agents.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A series of Schiff base compounds (9a-9h) was synthesized and characterized using spectroscopy and chromatography techniques. Computational studies, including molecular docking, ADME profiling, and physicochemical analyses, were performed to compare them with standard antimicrobial drugs (Amoxicillin and Fluconazole). Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans using the broth microdilution method in 96-well plates to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the synthesized compounds, 9c exhibited potent antimicrobial activity, with MIC values of 12.76 μg/mL against B. subtilis and 25.52 μg/mL against C. albicans. Compound 9g showed strong activity against E. coli, with an MIC value of 12.76 μg/mL. Spectroscopic and computational analyses validated their structural stability and bioactive potential.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The observed antimicrobial activity highlights the therapeutic promise of thiazole-containing Schiff bases in combating microbial infections associated with respiratory diseases. Their potency, compared to standard antibiotics and antifungal agents, underscores the need for further pharmacological evaluation, optimization, and patent consideration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thiazole-containing Schiff bases demonstrate significant antimicrobial potential, particularly against respiratory-related pathogens. These findings warrant further investigation into their pharmacological properties to develop new treatment options for microbial infections in respiratory disorders, with scope for patentable innovations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74643,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148140025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Natural Antiprotozoal Compounds: Emerging Strategies for Neglected Tropical Diseases.","authors":"Arup Dey, Sejuti Ray Chowdhury, Manish Kumar Gautam, Sandip Mondal, Tapan Kumar Mukherjee, Arghadeep Bhattacharjee, Binita Chakraborty, Phool Chandra","doi":"10.2174/0127724344453494260423133254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724344453494260423133254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In numerous tropical countries, outbreaks of protozoan parasites are major contributors to illness and mortality. These include protozoa from the genus Trypanosoma, which cause Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) and Chagas Disease, and Leishmania, which causes several forms of Leishmaniasis. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified seventeen \"Neglected Tropical Diseases\" (NTDs). While not formally classified as an NTD, malaria (caused by Plasmodium spp.) presents similar therapeutic challenges and is included due to its global burden. Numerous bioactive compounds found in plants, including marketed herbal medicinal preparations (HMPs), have demonstrated antiprotozoal activity against these diseases. This study aims to provide a thorough assessment of the potential of these plant-derived compounds, with emphasis on HMPs, as safe, affordable, and effective alternatives to current therapies. We conducted a comprehensive search using the terms \"neglected disease,\" \"topical disease,\" \"immune modulation,\" \"herbal medicine,\" and \"mechanism of inhibition\" across the following language-neutral electronic databases: Medline, EMBASE, AARP Ageline, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine), The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE (Database of Abstracts and Reviews), and Google Scholar. Current medicines face critical limitations, including resistance, safety concerns, and toxicity profiles, driving the need for novel solutions. The growing medicinal potential of herbal components, particularly those with established regulatory approval and traditional use, is the focus of this review. The key mechanisms of action (e.g., heme disruption in malaria, protease inhibition in Chagas disease, and immune modulation in leishmaniasis) and high-priority plant families (e.g., Annonaceae and Meliaceae) are highlighted, together with representative bioactive compounds such as artemisinin, quinine, iridoids, and flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol). These plant-derived agents demonstrate significant potential as safe and effective alternatives for protozoan infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":74643,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147977773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiulcer Activity of Herbal Medicines: A Review of Current Research.","authors":"Simran Yadav, Shweta Maurya, Sachidananda Behera, Dharmendra Jain","doi":"10.2174/0127724344407391251210123216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724344407391251210123216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peptic ulcers, a common digestive disorder, are characterized by an inflammatory response with necrotic lesions of the stomach mucosa. Peptic ulcers severely damage the mucosal lining of the stomach and duodenum. Numerous factors, such as smoking, Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), acid and pepsin, genetics, and Helicobacter pylori, might contribute to it. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs), Histamine (H2) receptor antagonists, antacids, potassium-competitive acid blockers, and antibiotics are among the common drugs shown to have antiulcer properties. However, many studies have shown that herbal medicines can successfully treat peptic ulcers in preclinical and clinical models using a range of techniques. Many herbal medications and extracts from various parts, such as the root, stem, leaf, flower, and seed, have shown substantial ulcer-protective properties in experimental settings. The review also highlights the potential of herbal medicinal extracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":74643,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147977719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}