Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)最新文献

{"title":"What Is in a Name? The Many Meanings of \"Psychedelic\".","authors":"Kelley C O'Donnell, Daniel E Roberts, Terence H W Ching, Gianni Glick, Noam Goldway, Natalie Gukasyan, Jamila Hokansen, Benjamin Kelmendi, Stephen Ross, Mary E Yaden, Christopher Pittenger","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0011","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"6 1","pages":"187-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78113683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"If Everything Is Psychedelic, Then Nothing Is: A Response to O'Donnell et al. and Lepow et al.","authors":"David E Nichols, Peter S Hendricks, Charles D Nichols","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.29003.cdn","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2023.29003.cdn","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"1 4","pages":"195-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Heuristic Approach: Against Consensus Definitions of Psychedelics.","authors":"Lauren Lepow, Hope Kronman, Rachel Yehuda","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0031","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The field of psychedelic research and therapy is growing at an unprecedented rate, as is the need for shared terminology to allow for coherent conversations about these medicines. However, proclaiming consensus definitions at the present time may be a premature closure, limiting the possibility of what psychedelics can teach about the mind and brain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our goal in this piece is to weigh the risks and benefits of proclaiming a consensus definition and suggest as an alternative a framework for the way data and knowledge are acquired about psychedelic medicines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We propose that psychedelics be thought of as heuristic tools, directing scientists to further investigate and form novel theories about the mind-brain. The advent of the modern tools of data science makes it possible to heuristically characterize the vast landscape of psychedelic variables-molecular biology, physiology, phenomenology, psychology, ceremony, and more. Instead of prematurely proclaiming consensus, the psychedelic field can use modern computational tools to iteratively reapproach definitions and categories, rendering them more rigorous and reproducible.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"1 4","pages":"190-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Reporting Practices in Psychedelic Clinical Trials: Psychological Support, Therapy, and Psychosocial Interventions","authors":"William Brennan, Alex R. Kelman, Alexander B. Belser","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psychedelic-assisted therapy has gained significant attention in recent years. However, there is a lack of empirical clarity on the role of psychosocial interventions (PIs) in clinical trials of psychedelic treatment due in part to deficiencies in reporting practices found in the existing literature. These PI include non-drug support or interventions provided by psychotherapists or facilitators during all phases of treatment, sometimes called “psychological support,” “monitoring,” “psychedelic-assisted therapy,” or “psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.” A brief review of recent research, historical studies, safety considerations, and participant perspectives suggests that PI has a substantive and critical impact on treatment outcomes. Methods: This systematic review examines the reporting practices on PI in published clinical trial results. The review employs a search of PubMed/Medline and PSYCinfo databases to identify relevant articles. It includes quantitative clinical studies treating patients with psychiatric indications using classic psychedelics (psilocybin, LSD, DMT, ayahuasca) or empathogenic drugs (MDMA) since 2000. The analytic approach follows a modified version of assessment items based on CONSORT extension statement and TIDieR checklist. Results: Thirty-three published psychedelic clinical trials met criteria. The review reveals that many published reports on psychedelic clinical trials did not report basic aspects of the intervention: 33% did not report the number of sessions, 45% did not report the duration of sessions, 42% did not report provider credentials, 52% did not report whether their intervention used a therapy manual, 64% did not reference a manual that was available to readers, and 82% did not report that they assessed treatment fidelity. A comparison with non-psychedelic trials shows that psychedelic trial reports underreport on key items related to PI. Discussion: The study highlights the problems of underreporting and the importance of improving reporting practices regarding PI in psychedelic clinical trials to enhance research standardization and improve treatment outcomes. Recommendations for improving reporting practices are provided.","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Study Design and Placebo Controls in Psychedelic Research","authors":"Alexander Wen, Nikhita Singhal, Brett D.M. Jones, Richard J. Zeifman, Shobha Mehta, Mohammad A. Shenasa, Daniel M. Blumberger, Zafiris J. Daskalakis, Cory R. Weissman","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2023.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Effective blinding is especially challenging in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving psychedelics due to the inherent alterations in consciousness that these compounds induce. In this systematic review and exploratory analysis, we aim at synthesizing the methodologies used in RCTs involving classic psychedelics and identify procedures that can help minimize unblinding and bias. Methods: We completed a literature search that included prospective RCTs published between 1963 and January 2023, in which participants were randomized to receive either a classic psychedelic or placebo. Results: A total of 1402 papers were included in the initial search. After eligibility criteria were applied, 50 papers from 48 clinical trials were included. Most studies were double blinded (n = 34), used a within-subjects design (n = 32 studies), and included inert placebos (n = 35). The majority of studies did not report on the integrity of blinding procedures (n = 34 studies); however, in studies that did, blinding was unsuccessful. Conclusion: To improve blinding and lower expectancy effects, we suggest incorporating active placebos and utilizing dose response or active comparator study designs.","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"American Psychiatrists' Opinions About Classic Hallucinogens and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications: A 7-Year Follow-Up Survey","authors":"Brian S. Barnett, Miranda Arakelian, David Beebe, Jared Ontko, Connor Riegal, Willie O. Siu, Jeremy Weleff, Harrison G. Pope","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2023.0036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, may eventually be approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treatment-resistant depression. However, we are aware of only one published national survey of American psychiatrists regarding their opinions about hallucinogens and hallucinogen-assisted therapy, conducted by our group in 2016. Here, we report a repeat survey, using virtually identical methods, assessing whether American psychiatrists display greater optimism about the therapeutic use of hallucinogens in 2022–23. Methods: We e-mailed our survey instrument to 1,000 randomly selected American Psychiatric Association members—250 resident-fellows and 750 attending psychiatrists—in late 2022 and early 2023. We calculated descriptive statistics and used a non-parametric trend test to compare the current survey responses with those from 2016. We also constructed a multivariate logistic regression model to assess attributes of respondents that predicted moderate/strong agreement with plans to incorporate hallucinogen-assisted therapy into their own practice. Results: The response rate was 13.1% (N = 131). Respondents were demographically similar to the 2016 respondents. A majority moderately/strongly believed that hallucinogens show promise in treating psychiatric conditions (80.9%) and substance use disorders (SUDs) (60.8%). Large majorities also moderately/strongly supported research into hallucinogens' therapeutic potential for psychiatric conditions (93.9%) and SUDs (88.6%), as well as federal funding of associated clinical trials (84.7% and 80.9%, respectively). Comparisons to 2016 showed significantly increased optimism regarding the therapeutic promise of hallucinogens and decreased concern about risks, with 50.4% of respondents reporting moderate/strong intentions to incorporate hallucinogen-assisted therapy into their practice. Conclusions: Our data reveal a striking positive shift in attitudes toward the therapeutic potential of hallucinogens among American psychiatrists since 2016, with a majority of responding psychiatrists planning to incorporate hallucinogen-assisted therapy into their practice if regulatory approval is granted.","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135010784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychedelic Commercialization: A Wide-Spanning Overview of the Emerging Psychedelic Industry.","authors":"Jacob S Aday, Brian S Barnett, Dan Grossman, Kevin S Murnane, Charles D Nichols, Peter S Hendricks","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0013","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the wake of positive clinical trial outcomes of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, there has been an influx of financial investment into psychedelic drug development from the pharmaceutical and biotech sectors. Psychedelics are now a multibillion dollar industry, with hundreds of companies that are seeking to commercialize therapeutic applications of psychedelics formed over the course of just a few years.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This paper aims to provide a broad overview of the psychedelic industry by detailing the history and current state of psychedelic drug commercialization, exploring challenges to commercial viability, highlighting ethical considerations, and incorporating lessons from the analogous ketamine and cannabis industries, which largely preceded the psychedelic industry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that although the roots of the psychedelic industry go back decades, financial investment did not take off in earnest until the late 2010s and early 2020s. The main focus of companies in the psychedelic sector can be broadly grouped into: (1) drug discovery and development; (2) novel formulations and routes of administration; (3) manufacturing and synthesis; (4) treatment centers and wellness clinics; (5) consumer packaged goods and adult use; and (6) adjunct technologies. Challenges to commercial viability include regulatory barriers to drug development, treatment costs and logistics of administration, and intellectual property and patent issues. In terms of ethics, the industry must consider the potential adverse effects of psychedelics, cost-cutting inclinations, ensuring therapeutic benefits reach vulnerable and marginalized communities, and indigenous reciprocity. We also underscore the potential benefits commercialization may bring. Lastly, the ketamine and cannabis industries can provide blueprints for regulatory approval, clinical implementation, insurance reimbursement, and federal policy more broadly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Altogether, this article provides a wide-spanning overview of the emerging commercialization of psychedelics, acknowledging both the monumental progress and critical challenges that remain for the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"56 1","pages":"150-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73883125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Students' Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Psilocybin: Does Terminology and Personal Experience with Psychedelics Matter?","authors":"Antonio F Pagán, Claudia Lex, Jair C Soares, Thomas D Meyer","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0022","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psilocybin and psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) have gained renewed interest due to recent findings that PAT can enhance therapeutic outcomes. In 2019, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved breakthrough therapy status to psilocybin for the treatment of depression, but PAT has yet to be approved as a therapeutic treatment for mental health disorders. Should the FDA approve PAT, medical students will serve as gatekeepers to PAT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical students (<i>n</i> = 295) were surveyed and randomized to two terminology conditions (i.e., \"psilocybin\" or \"magic mushrooms, MMs\") assessing their attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regardless of the terminology utilized, medical students held overall positive attitudes but their attitudes were significantly more positive when the term \"psilocybin\" was used. Furthermore, experience with psychedelics was associated with significantly more positive attitudes, beliefs, and higher self-rated knowledge. Finally, attitudes and beliefs were significant predictors of medical students' willingness to recommend PAT, if FDA approved, after controlling for covariates (e.g., personal experience with psychedelics).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite some limitations, based on this study, using the term \"psilocybin\" might be preferable over \"MMs\" in a research or educational context. Although personal experience positively affects opinions toward psychedelics, beliefs and attitudes seem to be more relevant when it comes to actual medical advice.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"61 1","pages":"130-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73178383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of MDMA and Novel MDXX Analogues as Novel Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Harpreet Kaur, Sedat Karabulut, James W Gauld, Stephen A Fagot, Kalee N Holloway, Hannah E Shaw, William E Fantegrossi","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0023","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a range of neurodevelopmental syndromes diagnostically characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction and repetitive, inflexible patterns of behaviors, interests, and thoughts. ASD affects people worldwide, irrespective of race, ethnicity, or socio-economic status, with debilitating effects on employment and interpersonal relationships. Though the atypical antipsychotics aripiprazole and risperidone are approved to treat irritability associated with ASD, these drugs may elicit treatment-limiting adverse effects, such as suicidal ideation, sedation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, dizziness, and weight gain. However, there are no approved pharmacotherapeutics for global symptoms of ASD, and better treatments are needed. Drugs with pro-social effects, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its analogues, may be beneficial here, as social anxiety and social avoidance are major complications of ASD that adversely impact the quality of life for sufferers and caregivers. This review describes the complex pharmacology of methylenedioxy amphetamine analogues (hereafter referred to as MDXX drugs), focusing on MDMA and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methyl-α-ethylphenylethylamine (MBDB) and how they may help treat ASD. Specifically, we address the roles of various drug-binding sites, metabolic enzymes, and chemical structure-activity relationships that mediate these substances' pharmacological and toxicological effects. Throughout the review, we emphasize the distinct profiles of individual stereoisomers of the MDXX drugs and how combining these enantiomers as racemic mixtures may explain the complexity of drug effects on behavior and physiology. We propose that the MDXX drugs represent a fruitful chemical space for developing clinically effective and relatively safer molecules and formulations for treating ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"60 1","pages":"166-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87538842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychedelic Use Among Psychiatric Medication Prescribers: Effects on Well-Being, Depression, Anxiety, and Associations with Patterns of Use, Reported Harms, and Transformative Mental States.","authors":"Zachary Herrmann, Adam W Levin, Steven P Cole, Sarah Slabaugh, Brian Barnett, Andrew Penn, Rakesh Jain, Charles Raison, Bhavya Rajanna, Saundra Jain","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0030","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental health problems including depression, anxiety, suicide, and burnout are common among health care providers. Resilience and well-being are factors thought to protect against these incidents. Clinical trials and naturalistic studies of psychedelic compounds have shown decreases in depression, anxiety, and suicidality while suggesting improvements in well-being. This secondary analysis of a large cross-sectional online survey consisting of participants with at least one lifetime psychedelic use sought to examine how use affects health care providers who treat psychiatric disorders with medications. In total, 228 respondents retrospectively completed measures of depression, anxiety, and well-being before and after psychedelic exposure. They also reported lifetime use, harms attributed to use, and preferred psychedelic agent. Psychedelic use was associated with improvements in depression, anxiety, and well-being. Reported suicidality decreased and resilience increased. A factor analysis suggested that a cluster of mystical, interpersonal, and personal items predicted improvement in depression, anxiety, well-being, suicidality, and resilience. Preferred psychedelic agent did not affect outcomes. Frequency of use was not associated with outcomes although differences in effect sizes were seen. Harm reported was consistent with the general population, with 13.2% (<i>n</i> = 30) reporting at least one harm. Pre-exposure alcohol use, aggressive impulses, and desire to die by suicide improved most often while marijuana use most often worsened or did not change. These results are consistent with clinical trials and naturalistic studies examining psychedelic use in the general population and suggest that health care providers who treat psychiatric disorders with medications may benefit from psychedelic use, although some harm was reported. Given the current mental health crisis among health care providers, further research is warranted to examine whether interventions utilizing psychedelics could improve well-being and effectiveness of health care providers while decreasing adverse mental health outcomes associated with working in health care. ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04040582).</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"131 1","pages":"139-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84772464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}