Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Psilocybin on Religious and Spiritual Attitudes and Behaviors in Clergy from Various Major World Religions.","authors":"Roland R Griffiths, Robert Jesse, William A Richards, Matthew W Johnson, Nathan D Sepeda, Anthony P Bossis, Stephen Ross","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2023.0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although historical writings, anthropological accounts, and experimental studies document associations between psilocybin use and religion, no prospective experimental study has investigated how the effects of psilocybin are experienced and interpreted by religious clergy. This exploratory study evaluated the overall safety and the acute and enduring effects of psilocybin in clergy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were psychedelic-naïve clergy from various major world religions. A randomized, parallel group, waitlist control design was used to assess the effects of two supported psilocybin sessions, with participants receiving 20 and then 20 or 30 mg/70 kg about 1 month later. Outcomes were compared between the Immediate Group (<i>n</i> = 13) and the Delayed Group (<i>n</i> = 16) at 6 months after screening using self-report measures. The effects of psilocybin were also assessed on session days and 4 and 16 months after the second psilocybin session in the 24 participants who completed both sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary outcome assessment at 6 months after screening showed that, compared with the delayed control group, participants who had received psilocybin reported significantly greater positive changes in their religious practices, attitudes about their religion, and effectiveness as a religious leader, as well as in their non-religious attitudes, moods, and behavior. Follow-up assessments showed that positive changes in religious and non-religious attitudes and behavior were sustained through 16 months after the second psilocybin session. At that time, participants rated at least one of their psilocybin experiences to be among the top five most spiritually significant (96%), profoundly sacred (92%), psychologically insightful (83%), and psychologically meaningful (79%) of their lives. Furthermore, 42% rated one of their experiences to be the single most profound of their lifetime. At 16-months follow-up, most (79%) strongly endorsed that the experiences had positive effects on their religious practices (e.g., prayer or meditation) and their daily sense of the sacred, and most (71%) reported positive changes in their appreciation of religious traditions other than their own. Although no serious adverse events were reported, 46% rated a psilocybin experience as among the top five most psychologically challenging of their lives.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this population of clergy, psilocybin administration was safe and increased multiple domains of overall psychological well-being including positive changes in religious attitudes and behavior as well as their vocation as a religious leader. The study was limited by a waitlist control design, homogenous sample, and the use of some unvalidated outcome measures. Further research with more rigorous control conditions and diverse samples is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 4","pages":"172-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13000417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147500837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"m-DASC: Measuring Subjective Effects of Very Low Doses of Psychedelic Drugs.","authors":"Jonah Griffin-Stolbach, Hanna Molla, Donald Hedeker, Harriet de Wit","doi":"10.1177/28314425251404476","DOIUrl":"10.1177/28314425251404476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There has been great interest in the use of very low doses of psychedelic drugs like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to improve mood and cognition. However, controlled studies have thus far provided little support for their efficacy. One challenge is that the subjective effects are subtle and on the threshold of detectability, whereas the questionnaires used to assess the drugs' effects were designed for very high, psychedelic doses. Using confirmatory factor analyses, we showed that both the Five-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire (5D-ASC) and the 11-factor Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale do not represent the underlying structure of responses to very low doses of LSD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this gap, we conducted a principal component analysis to identify items from previous questionnaires suited to low doses, using data from 199 healthy volunteers who received 6.5, 13, and 26 µg doses of LSD under controlled conditions. Using items from the 5D-ASC, we developed the <i>micro</i>-dimensional Altered States of Consciousness (m-DASC), consisting of four components corresponding to Transcendent Experience, Auditory Somatic Disturbance, Animated Intoxication, and Synesthesia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The m-DASC is substantially shorter than existing questionnaires (31 items). It accounted for 44% of the variance in the dataset used, showed significant effects of LSD at the 26 and 13 µg doses, and was highly correlated with the original longer questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The m-DASC is likely to be of value in future studies investigating the subjective effects of very low doses of psychedelic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Promises and Pitfalls of Psychedelic Use Among Religious Leaders.","authors":"Otto Simonsson, Simon B Goldberg","doi":"10.1177/28314425251392542","DOIUrl":"10.1177/28314425251392542","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 4","pages":"200-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12758913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Research on Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Mental Disorders: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Jennifer Pincombe, Martin Williams, Sean Carruthers, Susan L Rossell","doi":"10.1177/28314425251394012","DOIUrl":"10.1177/28314425251394012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) may be an effective intervention for a range of mental disorders. However, there appears to be a relative lack of qualitative evidence to complement emerging quantitative findings. To our knowledge, no reviews have systematically mapped the literature on qualitative studies on PAP for the treatment of mental disorders with the intent to identify opportunities for future research.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess the scope of qualitative research on PAP for mental disorders, identify research trends, and highlight future opportunities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and PsycNET for qualitative studies of adults (18 years and older) with a mental disorder who received PAP in controlled research settings. The search was limited to peer review articles, without time limitations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13 qualitative studies were identified, which included participants with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, alcohol-use disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anorexia nervosa. The studies explored 12 topics, ranging from pre- to postintervention experiences. Most studies used semi-structured interviews and used interpretative phenomenological analysis or thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review provides information to researchers and clinicians to guide future qualitative investigations that will complement and enhance the field's understanding of PAP in treating mental disorders. Opportunities include covering a broader range of mental disorders; exploring longer term outcomes, the sustainability of effects, postintervention support, and adverse experiences; comparing active and control group experiences; exploring therapist and significant other perspectives; and increasing sample sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"68-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview and Specificity of Psilocybin Use in the Treatment of Mental Disorders: <i>A Scientometric Analysis</i>.","authors":"Maria Helha Fernandes-Nascimento, Karine Viana-Ferreira, André Brooking Negrão","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0031","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psilocybin is a natural alkaloid with therapeutic potential in the treatment of different mental disorders. Bibliometric information on its use is still scattered in the literature.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the temporal and bibliometric patterns of publications and the specificity of psilocybin in the treatment of mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Performed a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software. Documents from the period 1963 to 2023 were retrieved from the Scopus database. The search string comprised terms related to psilocybin and mental disorders. An exponential regression was performed to investigate the number of publications over time. The specificity was evaluated based on a manual analysis of the clinical trials' findings carried out with individuals diagnosed with mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 853 eligible publications. An exponential regression analysis revealed an increase in the number of publications over time, with significant growth between 2016 and 2023 (52%). Publications cover countries on five continents, but are predominantly from nations with a high Human Development Index, such as the United States and the United Kingdom. Depression was the most prominent term in keyword analysis. Meta-analyses have indicated the efficacy of psilocybin in the treatment of different mental disorders (depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The global academic panorama shows the growing recognition of psilocybin as a promising alternative in psychiatric treatment, highlighting the need for randomized clinical trials to ensure its safe and effective use.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 3","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is Psychological Support in the Context of Psychedelic Clinical Trials?","authors":"Jérémie Richard, Michael Levine","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0026","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The topic of psychological support and psychotherapy in the context of clinical investigations of psychedelic drugs is an often debated, yet predominantly unresolved issue in the field. Psychological support, as a concept, is poorly defined and there appears to be little agreement in the field regarding its essential components, boundaries and limits. While researchers have turned their attention to the role of placebo conditions and expectancy effects within the context of psychedelic clinical trials, the nature and role of psychological support remains difficult to define and capture. The objective of this perspective article is to provide a concrete description of the specific components, boundaries and limits of psychological support in comparison to psychotherapy based on the microskills framework established by Ivey et al. (2021). We propose that greater attention be placed on the specific communication units and behaviors that are considered psychological support or psychotherapy in the context of psychedelic clinical trials. Clinical trial protocols and treatment manuals should clearly define the psychosocial interventions and behaviors that fall within and outside of the scope of the trial to eliminate interventions that are not within the mandate of the specific trial or exceed the regulatory scope of practice of the session monitor(s).</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 3","pages":"121-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review of the Effect of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy on Attitudes Toward Death, Life, and Spirituality on Symptoms of Distress, Depression, and/or Anxiety in Patients with Life-Threatening Illness.","authors":"Thivya Turner, Paul Glue","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0008","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The underlying mechanism(s) of action of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) to reduce distress, depression, and/or anxiety symptoms in life-threatening illness are poorly understood. It has been postulated that addressing death anxiety, and components of spiritual and existential distress, may be mediating factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This systematic review describes the current evidence base regarding the impact of PAT on attitudes toward life, death, and spirituality. MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, and PubMed databases were systematically searched for original clinical research articles on PAT for distress, depression, and/or anxiety symptoms in life-threatening illness, with outcome measures related to attitudes toward life, death, and spirituality. The risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. A descriptive analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. Improvements in distress, depression, and/or anxiety symptoms were associated with reduced demoralization, reduced hopelessness, improvements in spirituality, greater death acceptance, a greater sense of optimism toward life, and a greater sense of meaningful existence. Mixed results were found in other attitudes toward life and death.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review identifies several mechanisms by which PAT may improve distress, depression, and/or anxiety symptoms in patients with life-threatening illness, via effects on a range of attitudes toward life, death, and spirituality. Results need to be considered with caution, given the paucity and quality of available data. This review also identifies gaps in the current evidence base for consideration in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 3","pages":"146-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketamine-Assisted Group Therapy for Work-Related Stress in First Responders and Frontline Health Care Workers.","authors":"Luke Flynn, Mary Rondeau, Martin Krsak, Scott Shannon","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0050","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ketamine is an evidenced-based treatment for depression, and it has shown promise in addressing many other mental health conditions related to work-related stress or burnout, such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is part of an emerging model of psychedelic medicine that employs psychoactive agents to support the psychotherapeutic process. Frontline health care workers and first responders encountered excessive levels of job stress, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article reports on a 6-week community-based group-KAP program to address symptoms of trauma, anxiety, and depression in a sample of first responders and frontline health care workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recruitment was self-directed based on a sense of work-related stress. All participants completed a 6-week ketamine-assisted psychotherapy group intervention with three to six participants per group. The group characteristics and repeated measures comparisons were analyzed via descriptive statistics, pre- and post-intervention measure comparisons and regression modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen patients received KAP in small groups with \"pre\" and \"post\" treatment evaluation of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and trauma (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, Fifth Edition). Symptoms of trauma, anxiety, and depression were significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.002) from \"pre\" to \"post\" test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the community-based group-KAP program described here may be a useful treatment for work-related stress, though further formal evaluation is required. Future directions, limitations, and interpretations are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 3","pages":"128-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketamine-Occasioned Mystical Experience in Veterans with Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis.","authors":"Kush V Bhatt, Jason N Compton, Em Ellerman, Jyoti Mishra, Dimitri Perivoliotis, James Pittman, Dhakshin Ramanathan, Andrew Bismark","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0040","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introductions: </strong>Mystical experiences are powerful experiences that may have therapeutic value. Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, has shown potential to induce mystical experiences. However, little research has explored this phenomenon, particularly in treatment-resistant depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed clinical data from 60 veterans with treatment-resistant depression receiving a total of 189 ketamine treatments. Veterans either received intranasal esketamine or racemic parenteral ketamine (intravenous or intramuscular). The Revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ-30) was administered following ketamine treatments to assess the occurrence of mystical experience. A linear mixed model was used to examine the association between MEQ-30 scores and several treatment-related variables including gender, age, treatment number, dose, comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder, and pretreatment depression rating scores (PHQ-9).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Complete mystical experience was reported in 17.02% of esketamine treatments and 18.19% of racemic ketamine treatments. In the esketamine group, a greater number of treatment sessions was associated with higher MEQ-30 scores (<i>p</i> = 0.05). In the racemic ketamine group, higher doses were associated with higher MEQ-30 scores (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that ketamine can occasion mystical experiences in veterans with treatment-resistant depression. Future studies should further explore the mystical-type effects of ketamine as a potential contributor to its therapeutic effect in treatment-resistant depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 3","pages":"136-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"To Have the Encounter with Our Own Finiteness in that Existential Way\": Descriptions of Existential Experience in Patients with Cancer and Major Depression Participating in Psilocybin-Assisted Group Therapy.","authors":"Elise C Tarbi, Skye A Miner, Kabir Nigam, Zachary Sager, Justin Sanders, Michael Ljuslin, Benjamin Guérin, Kimberly Roddy, James A Tulsky, Manish Agrawal, Yvan Beaussant","doi":"10.1177/28314425251370303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/28314425251370303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer poses an existential threat for patients and caregivers. Psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) has emerged as a potential tool to meet these existential needs, yet little is known about how patients describe this element of their cancer journey, and how it might be affected by PAT, especially in the group therapy context.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore how patients with cancer and depression describe their existential journey through the experience of cancer and group PAT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Grounded in the Conceptual Model of Existential Experience in Adults with Advanced Cancer, this study is a qualitative analysis of existing data from semi-structured exit interviews with participants (<i>n</i> = 28) of the psilocybin trial, \"The Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin in Cancer Patients with Major Depressive Disorder\" (NCT04593563). This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach paired with template analysis to analyze interview transcripts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis revealed three overarching themes: (1) Participants described cancer prompting a deepened lived understanding of their mortality, as well as a re-prioritization of their attention, relationships, and efforts; (2) Therapeutic intentions for participating in the PAT trial went beyond relief of depression and extended to gaining a new perspective toward existential worries and building spiritual resources; (3) Participants described the lasting effects of PAT as a healing, unfolding transformation, noting an enhanced sense of meaning, agency, aliveness, and connectedness.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings provide important insights into the existential experiences of people with cancer and depression, as well as the potential role of PAT, in a novel group therapy context, in addressing existential suffering and fostering personal growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"28314425251370303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13680556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149240798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}