Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)最新文献

{"title":"Who Keeps Using Lysergic Acid Diethylamide? Correlates of Past-Year Use in People Who Initiated Use at least Five Years Ago.","authors":"Brian S Barnett, Akhil Anand, Jeremy Weleff, Franklin King, Elizabeth N Dewey","doi":"10.1177/28314425251367321","DOIUrl":"10.1177/28314425251367321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Little is known about the correlates of repeated non-medical lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of past-year LSD use among people aged 18 years and older in the United States who first used LSD at least 5 years ago.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using data from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we examined the estimated weighted prevalence of past-year LSD use and explored potential demographic, psychosocial, and drug use correlates using univariable and multivariable modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among US adults who had initiated LSD use at least 5 years ago, 4.2% were estimated to have used LSD in the past year. Estimated past-year LSD use prevalence decreased with time since first use, dropping from 14.4% among those who first used LSD 5 years ago to 0.1% among those who first used LSD 46-50 years ago. On multivariable analysis, past-year LSD use was positively associated with being male, never having been married, living in poverty, having a higher level of education, lifetime stimulant use, being approached by a drug seller in the past 30 days, having ever sold illegal drugs, perceiving LSD as lower risk, perceiving LSD as more available, and having attempted suicide in the past year. Past-year LSD use was negatively associated with having children in the home, living in a small metropolitan area, and years since LSD use initiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Past-year LSD use is infrequent among lifetime LSD users and appears to decline with time since the initiation of LSD use. Perceived risk (lower) and perceived availability (higher) of LSD were the factors associated with the largest adjusted odds ratios for past-year LSD use. Further research is needed to understand the infrequency of LSD use among lifetime LSD users and its public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"4 2","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13158477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy Among Patients with Advanced Cancer and Depression: Rationale and Preliminary Evaluation of MCP-PSIL.","authors":"William E Rosa, Stephanie Napolitano, Natalie McAndrew, Betsy Jenkins, Wendy G Lichtenthal, Allison J Applebaum, William Breitbart, Manish Agrawal","doi":"10.1177/28314425251363983","DOIUrl":"10.1177/28314425251363983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psilocybin shows encouraging outcomes for patients with cancer and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there is insufficient evidence on the use of evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions to consistently guide and standardize psilocybin preparation, dosing, and integration. Meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) is a manualized, brief psychotherapeutic intervention that enhances meaning and purpose among recipients. This article substantiates the rationale for using MCP as a psychotherapeutic intervention to accompany psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) with psilocybin for patients with cancer and MDD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We sampled seven patients with cancer and MDD who previously received PAT with psilocybin followed by group MCP in a phase 2 open-label trial, as well as six therapists who delivered the interventions. First, electronic open-ended response surveys were distributed to explore participant experiences during the phase 2 trial and elicit recommendations to adapt MCP for psilocybin. Second, the research team developed a 5-session model of MCP and psilocybin therapy (MCP-PSIL) based on survey responses. Finally, four focus groups were conducted (two with patients and two with therapists) to expand on patient experiences during the phase 2 trial and gather feedback on MCP-PSIL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven patients (ages 53-80 years) and six therapists (mental health professional experience ranging 9-44 years) participated in both surveys and focus groups. Focus groups underscored the value of experiences related to psilocybin, the group, and MCP, as distinct elements and in conjunction. Participants shared key recommendations to enhance combined psilocybin and MCP experiences and the 5-session MCP-PSIL model. The importance of the group format was also emphasized while noting that individual MCP may be indicated in certain circumstances.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that MCP is a natural therapeutic partner to guide patients throughout the PAT continuum. As MCP-PSIL is tested in the future, we anticipate MCP will leverage the PAT experience by building therapist capacity to optimize care while reducing avoidable distress for patients and maximizing their meaning-making opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"4 2","pages":"97-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13271188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Availability of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in the United States from 2015 to 2019.","authors":"Brian S Barnett, Akhil Anand, Elizabeth N Dewey, Lee Hoffer, Jeremy Weleff","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0045","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While data on perceived availability of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) [paLSD] are collected annually in the United States, detailed investigations of recent trends in paLSD have not been published. Therefore, we sought to explore this topic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were sourced from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) administrations. To identify factors associated with paLSD, exploratory multivariable models were constructed for respondents aged 12-17 (adolescents) and for respondents 18 and older (adults). Trends in paLSD among the whole sample and subpopulations were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 281,464 respondents, 13.1% reported LSD was \"fairly\" or \"very easy\" to obtain. In adults, higher paLSD was associated with identifying as bisexual, experiencing past year serious psychological distress, higher education, and lifetime use of alcohol, marijuana, or hallucinogens. Negative associations included older age, identifying as Asian or Black, and lifetime stimulant use. In adolescents, unique associations included lower paLSD among males and Hispanic individuals, and higher paLSD with lifetime stimulant use. A small but statistically significant increase in paLSD was observed over the study period, especially among subgroups such as males, bisexual respondents, respondents reporting past year serious psychological distress, and those with hallucinogen use disorder or lower perceived risk of trying LSD. Identifying as Black was associated with a decreasing trend.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While LSD remains widely perceived as difficult to obtain, paLSD is increasing among several subpopulations. Monitoring these trends and identifying associated characteristics may inform targeted harm reduction efforts and public health messaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"22-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Psychedelics for Unmet Needs in Women's Reproductive Health.","authors":"Sara Shoar, Alissa Bazinet, Chaitra Jairaj","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0033","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, there has been a resurgence in research exploring the therapeutic potential of psychedelics for treating mental health disorders, coinciding with increasing psychedelic use and changing legal landscapes in the United States and globally. Despite these shifts, there remains a notable gap in understanding related to the safety of psychedelic use during critical stages of the female reproductive cycle, including menstruation, pregnancy, postpartum, breastfeeding, and menopause.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative mini-review provides a brief summary of recently published articles in this evolving therapeutic landscape and discusses critical public health implications for addressing psychedelic use for women's reproductive health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies have uncovered notable sex differences in users' subjective and physiological experiences of psychedelics. Interactions between psychedelics' mechanisms of action and female hormones suggest opportunities for addressing symptoms of menstruation, sexual dysfunction, chronic pelvic pain, menopause, and postpartum depression (PPD). Women in indigenous communities have traditionally used psychedelics as important components of healing rituals. Yet, potential risks associated with psychedelic use during the reproductive years, specifically during gestation and breastfeeding, underscore the importance of caution and informed decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While there is therapeutic potential for psychedelics in women's reproductive health issues, comprehensive research pertaining to women is lacking. While rigorous scientific inquiry into the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of action of psychedelics in women's health is paramount, public health messaging should dispel myths and promote risk reduction strategies. Collaboration with indigenous communities and vulnerable populations can enrich understanding and ensure culturally sensitive approaches. Through enhanced research and collaboration, psychedelics can be explored to potentially address unmet needs and enhance women's well-being across diverse reproductive contexts. Existing guidance fails to focus on recommendations for women, highlighting the need for harm reduction strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 2","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Gender-Themed Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Experiences: A Subreddit Analysis.","authors":"Rahul Katkar, Ashley M Perez, Murat Altinay, Brian S Barnett","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0025","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Gender-themed lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) experiences have been documented anecdotally but not yet studied systematically. This study aimed to explore such experiences using data from Reddit to better understand their nature and potential therapeutic implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective observational study, posts and comments on the \"r/LSD\" subreddit reporting gender-themed LSD experiences were analyzed. Posts containing terms related to gender identity, including \"gender,\" \"transgender,\" and \"trans,\" were reviewed and coded using inductive and deductive thematic approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 94 unique anecdotes, 47.9% of authors identified as non-cisgender at time of LSD use, with most describing experiences that enhanced gender-identity related self-acceptance (80%); 17.0% of authors were gender questioning at the time of LSD use, and most (93.8%) reported clarifying effects of LSD. Fifteen authors (16.0%) reported potential effects of LSD on gender transitioning or plans to transition. A notable minority of the 24 authors identifying as cisgender at time of LSD use (41.7%) explored non-cisgender identities during their LSD experiences, while 29.2% reported their LSD experience introduced a non-cisgender identity for the first time that persisted post-LSD. Challenging experiences were reported by 17.0% of authors, and 11.1% of non-cisgender authors reported LSD experiences that decreased gender identity-related self-acceptance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest LSD may support the exploration and acceptance of gender identity in certain individuals, highlighting a potential role in treating gender dysphoria. They also raise important questions about the need for addressing possible LSD-induced gender identity changes during the informed consent process of clinical trials. Given the fragmentary nature of social media data and challenges in analyzing it, these findings should be confirmed with surveys and prospective observational studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 2","pages":"81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturalistic Psychedelic Use and Psychotic Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study of Individuals with a Personal or Family History of Psychotic or Bipolar Disorders.","authors":"Haley Maria Dourron, Melissa Bradley, Otto Simonsson, Heith Copes, Daniel Grossman, Ryan Andrew Shallcross, Peter S Hendricks","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0036","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior research examining the associations between psychedelic use and general psychotic symptoms has yielded mixed findings. However, no studies have investigated the relationships between psychedelic use and specific psychotic symptoms, and whether these relationships might differ among those with liability to psychosis, namely those with a history of psychotic or bipolar disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using cross-sectional survey data from a purposive sample (<i>n</i> = 548), we first regressed estimated lifetime psychedelic use occasions and personal and family history of psychotic or bipolar disorders on the Magical Ideation Scale, Referential Thinking Scale, Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms, and Continuum of Auditory Hallucinations-State Assessment, unadjusted and adjusted for a range of covariates. We then tested the interactions of estimated lifetime psychedelic use occasions with personal and family history of psychotic or bipolar disorders on these same measures, unadjusted and adjusted for the same set of covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In unadjusted models, the estimated number of lifetime psychedelic use occasions was robustly associated with less referential thinking, whereas personal and family histories of psychotic and bipolar disorders were each associated with moderately or slightly greater scores on all measures. Covariate-adjusted regression models revealed that the estimated number of lifetime psychedelic use occasions was not associated with any of the measured psychotic symptoms. A personal history of psychotic disorders was associated with moderately greater magical ideation, referential thinking, and auditory hallucinations, whereas a family history of psychotic disorders was associated with slightly greater negative symptoms. Neither personal nor family history of bipolar disorder was associated with any psychotic symptoms. Finally, estimated lifetime psychedelic use occasions interacted only with a personal history of psychotic disorders on one measure, such that auditory hallucinations were less severe as psychedelic use occasions increased among those with a personal history of psychotic disorder; there was no relationship between psychedelic use and auditory hallucinations among those without a personal history of psychotic disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Naturalistic psychedelic use may not be associated with psychotic symptoms, even among those with a personal or family history of psychotic or bipolar disorders. Further work probing the risk-benefit profile for people typically excluded from clinical trials involving psychedelics is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 2","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Analysis of Views of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Low-Income, Urban, Black Americans.","authors":"Sierra Carter, Grace Packard, Jessica L Maples-Keller","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0015","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Black Americans are significantly underrepresented in psychedelic trials despite significant mental health disparities. Growing research suggests that psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. It is important to understand perceptions of PAT among populations with unmet mental health needs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted four focus groups to understand perceptions of psychedelic therapy within a low-income, Black, urban population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three main themes were identified using an inductive thematic analysis approach: (1) informed hesitation mixed with increasing openness; (2) trust, autonomy, and choice; and (3) practical solutions to increase accessibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participants described many concerns related to legacies of racism in healthcare, research, drug prescription, and criminalization. Healthcare systems must invest in trust building with Black Americans to adequately meet healthcare needs. Participants emphasized ways of building trust through supporting autonomy and choice, investing in community building and agency, and suggestions to address barriers (e.g., providing childcare, providing transportation). These findings support calls to center the needs of Black American people given the lack of culturally salient therapeutic paradigms specifically for Black Americans utilized within PAT, improve access and address barriers to healthcare for Black Americans, and increase the quality of care available.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 2","pages":"103-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensuring Access to Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Rural Communities.","authors":"Olivia M Dhaliwal, Lukas Bobak, Brian S Barnett","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0018","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With several classical psychedelics being designated as breakthrough therapies and the recent review of a New Drug Application for 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, the likelihood of psychedelic medication becoming approved for clinical use in the United States is high. Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) may have a high demand in rural America, where residents experience higher burdens of morbidity and premature mortality, due to unique social disparities not shared by urban residents. In these rural settings, barriers to accessing PAT include geographic, economic, and cultural factors as well as the preexisting shortage of health care providers. Disparate access to PAT for rural residents in the United States could exacerbate existing rural-urban inequities. Thus far, the potential challenges of implementing PAT in rural communities have not been extensively discussed in the medical literature. In this perspective, we explore notable implementation barriers in the rural setting and propose potential solutions, including the incorporation of PAT into rural health care training programs, leveraging tools for remote care such as teletherapy for PAT preparation and integration sessions, and implementing new models of care and economic incentives to enable rural PAT providers and rural generalists to deliver PAT. Providing PAT in rural areas will require creative approaches to surmount significant obstacles: the potential solutions discussed here may help ensure rural populations are not left behind if psychedelic medicine is reincorporated into clinical practice in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 2","pages":"66-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race and Gender Differences in the Moderating Relationship of Psychedelics on Stigma and Distress.","authors":"Sean M Viña","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0021","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prior research has found an association between psychedelic use and reduced stigma attached to mental illness. However, whether psychedelics alleviate stigma-related distress remains unclear. Since stigma impacts different groups uniquely, any moderating effect of psychedelics on stigma-related distress is likely to vary across subpopulations. This study addresses two main questions: (1) Do psychedelics moderate the relationship between stigma and distress? and (2) does this relationship vary by gender and race/ethnicity? By exploring these questions, this research seeks to contribute to our understanding of psychedelic use and its impact on mental health across diverse populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the National Survey of Drug Use (2008-2019) were analyzed, with a weighted sample of 458,372. The main analysis used regression models in Stata 18 to examine the associations between lifetime psychedelic use (LPU) (psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], N,N-dimethyltryptamine, peyote/mescaline, ayahuasca, and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), stigma attached to seeking mental health care, and psychological distress. This analysis examines whether the association between stigma and distress differs by gender, race/ethnicity, and psychedelic use (i.e., White men, White women, Black men, Black women, Asian men, Asian women, Hispanic men, and Hispanic women).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicate that men report lower perceived stigma than women, while women report higher distress. White, Black, and Hispanic women report the highest stigma levels. Regression analysis suggests that among the total population, stigma is statistically associated with higher distress, and interaction terms indicate that MDMA, psilocybin, LSD, and LPU are linked to variations in this relationship. Regression models stratified by gender and race/ethnicity suggest that while LPU, LSD, and DMT were statistically associated with differences in the relationship between stigma and distress for White men, these associations appeared weaker for other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychedelic use is associated with lower reported distress from internalized stigma, though the directionality and mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Further research should be conducted to investigate how psychedelics can be integrated into comprehensive health treatment programs outside of psychedelics-assisted therapy. However, it is worth noting that individuals from gender and racial/ethnic minority groups may not experience the same level of benefits, suggesting other strategies may be necessary to address the stigma experienced by different groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 2","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of Low-Dose Psilocybin in Depression and Other Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Shakila Meshkat, Howell Fang, Rachel Sousa-Ho, Richard J Zeifman, Benjamin T Dunkley, Amy C Reichelt, Yanbo Zhang, Lisa Burback, Olga Winkler, Andrew Greenshaw, Rakesh Jetly, Leah M Mayo, Candice M Monson, Venkat Bhat","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0039","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2024.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High-dose psilocybin has shown potential in treating various psychiatric disorders, but its perceptual and cognitive effects, along with the risk of adverse events, highlight the need for alternative treatment approaches. One such approach is the use of low-dose psilocybin, which does not significantly alter cognition or perception. While low-dose psilocybin has garnered growing interest in the psychiatric community, its therapeutic efficacy remains unclear and warrants further investigation. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose-whether in the form of microdosing or low-dose control conditions in clinical trials-psilocybin for mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review of all empirical evidence involving low-dose psilocybin in human subjects for psychiatric treatment from inception to June 2024. We also searched for relevant registered clinical trials on clinicaltrials.gov.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified five registered clinical trials and six publications, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (3, 50%), secondary outcome studies (2, 33%), and case report (1, 16%). Four studies (66%) included concurrent psychotherapy. Doses ranged from 1-3 mg per 70 kg as a single dose or 0.1-0.2 g of dried psilocybin-containing mushrooms every 3 days for up to 3 years. Two RCTs studied treatment-resistant depression with 1, 10, and 25 mg psilocybin doses. In the 1 mg group, 18% of participants showed a significant response, 8% achieved remission, and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score improved by -5.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.1 to -2.7) at week 3, though only 10% maintained this by week 12. Another study found transient improvements in anxiety and cognitive function with 1 mg. One trial reported no significant improvement with 1-3 mg doses, though 12% achieved anxiety remission and 16% depression remission. An RCT comparing 25 mg to 1 mg plus escitalopram found higher response rates with 25 mg than 1 mg group, although no significant difference in rumination or thought suppression between groups was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The empirical evidence for the efficacy of low-dose psilocybin in treating mental disorders is limited. The current research is constrained by a lack of well-designed studies that compare low-dose psilocybin to placebo. To better understand its potential, future research should include large, rigorous RCTs specifically focused on assessing low-dose protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"54-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}