Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)最新文献

{"title":"Examining the Rationale for Studying Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Caregiver Distress.","authors":"Noah D Gold, Samantha K Podrebarac, Lindsay A White, Christina Marini, Naomi M Simon, Mary S Mittelman, Stephen Ross, Michael P Bogenschutz, Petros D Petridis","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>More than 50 million people in the United States serve as uncompensated informal caregivers to chronically ill friends or family members. Providing care to a sick loved one can contribute to personal growth but can also cause significant strain. Caregiver distress refers to a constellation of physiological, psychological, interpersonal, and spiritual impairments that typically result when an individual's own health becomes affected while caring for another. Caregiver distress is highly prevalent, affecting an estimated 30-70% of individuals across various caregiver populations. Although evidence-based treatments for caregiver distress exist, they do not sufficiently address all its components. In recent years, clinical trials have demonstrated that psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) may have applications for treating a range of medical and psychiatric conditions that have significant overlap in symptoms to those seen in caregiver distress. While no studies to date have examined PAP for caregiver distress, this article provides a rationale for investigating PAP as a potential novel treatment for this indication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review on the effects and clinical applications of PAP that significantly overlap with the dimensions of caregiver distress was conducted. Safety considerations, psychedelic selection, and therapeutic structure for studying PAP in the treatment of caregiver distress were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Psychologically, PAP has been shown to treat anxiety, depression, and reduce suicidal ideation. Physiologically, evidence suggests that psychedelics have anti-inflammatory properties, which may aid caregivers suffering from chronic inflammation. Interpersonally, PAP has been demonstrated to enhance feelings of empathy, connectedness, and strengthen social relationships, which can often become strained while caregiving. Spiritually, PAP has been shown to ameliorate existential distress and hopelessness in cancer patients, which may similarly benefit demoralized caregivers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PAP has the potential to comprehensively treat all biopsychosocial-spiritual dimensions of caregiver distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"92 1","pages":"87-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77852956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learned Helplessness As a Potential Transdiagnostic Therapeutic Mechanism of Classic Psychedelics.","authors":"Praachi Tiwari, Andrea P Berghella, Ceyda Sayalı, Manoj K Doss, Frederick S Barrett, David B Yaden","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0010","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging literature suggests that classic psychedelics may have efficacy in treating mood and substance use disorders in humans. This has raised questions regarding the primary therapeutic mechanism of these compounds. Here, we hypothesize that the reversal of and resilience against learned helplessness may be an important driver of the therapeutic mechanisms of classic psychedelics. Furthermore, we argue that the learned helplessness paradigm can provide a robust model to investigate the behavioral and mechanistic effects of classic psychedelics in both clinical and preclinical experiments.</p><p><strong>Opinion: </strong>We highlight the learned helplessness model and its potential utility in the psychedelic sphere for several reasons. First, learned helplessness is a robust phenomenon observed across multiple mammalian species including humans, and has been well described in terms of its neurobiology, behavioral effects, and clinical implications; current efforts in psychedelic research and theories of psychedelic mechanisms have yet to achieve this level of integration. Interestingly, there is substantial overlap in the neural circuits governing resilience against learned helplessness and psychedelic actions-such as those involving the dorsal raphe nucleus. Furthermore, our hypothesis that classic psychedelics can reverse helplessness behavior fits with much of the current preclinical data, which has shown that psychedelics improve performance in behavioral despair tasks in rodents. Here we make the case for bringing attention to these congruencies in an effort to advance toward mechanistic, behavioral, and transdiagnostic insights into the therapeutic effects of classic psychedelics, with the potential for learned helplessness to help explain some positive effects across levels of analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"76 1","pages":"74-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86602317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Canadian Psychedelic Survey: Characteristics, Patterns of Use, and Access in a Large Sample of People Who Use Psychedelic Drugs.","authors":"Stephanie Lake, Philippe Lucas","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent years have seen a resurgence in clinical interest in, and increased public acceptance of, psychedelic drugs in Canada. However, our understanding of how psychedelic drugs are currently used in Canada remains limited. We developed the Canadian Psychedelic Survey (CPS) to gather real-world evidence about psychedelic drug use in Canada. This study aimed to characterize CPS respondents; identify access sources; explore psychedelic-specific patterns, purposes, and contexts of use; and contextualize intense positive and challenging psychedelic experiences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CPS was administered in January 2022. We used descriptive statistics to characterize the sample and understand access to psychedelic drugs and detailed patterns and contexts of use. We built separate logistic regression models to identify sociodemographic and psychedelic-related correlates of reporting an intense positive and challenging experience with psychedelic drugs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed data from 2045 respondents (mean age = 38.4 years; 56% female). Psilocybin, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were the most used psychedelic drugs. Top motivations for psychedelic drug use were fun, self-exploration, general mental well-being, and personal growth. Lifetime intense positive and challenging psychedelic experiences were reported by 82% and 52%, respectively. Over half (56%) of those who had an intense challenging experience reported that \"some good\" came from the experience after-the-fact. In multivariable analysis, significant correlates of intense positive experiences included higher perceived psychedelic experience and fun and self-exploration as motivations for use (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant correlates of intense challenging experiences included higher perceived psychedelic experience and trauma management, fun, and boredom as motivations for use (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CPS is the most comprehensive survey of psychedelic drug use to date. Detailing the range of therapeutic and nontherapeutic experiences of psychedelic drug consumers in Canada, these findings add important nuances that can inform evolving clinical research and policy discussions impacting safe access to and use of psychedelic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"36 1","pages":"98-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83207959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the Harms of Nonclinical Psychedelics Use Through a Peer-Support Telephone Helpline.","authors":"Mollie M Pleet,&nbsp;Joshua White,&nbsp;Joseph A Zamaria,&nbsp;Rachel Yehuda","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2022.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A resurgence of interest in the use of psychedelics for mental health and wellness has stimulated greater experimentation with psychedelics in society. Although clinical psychedelic trials protect research participants by offering a safe setting, thorough preparation, and containment during and after ingestion of psychedelic medicines, many try these substances without the benefit of these safeguards.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed data gathered from 884 callers to a psychedelic helpline to determine whether a helpline model could reduce the risks associated with nonclinical psychedelics use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 65.9% of callers indicated that the helpline de-escalated them from psychological distress. If not for their conversation with the helpline, 29.3% of callers indicated they may have been harmed; 12.5% indicated that they may have called 911; and 10.8% indicated they may have gone to the emergency room.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data suggest that access to a psychedelic helpline surrounding psychedelic experiences may avert harmful outcomes and offset the burden on emergency and medical services.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"1 2","pages":"69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10286261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9715691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tabernanthalog Reduces Motivation for Heroin and Alcohol in a Polydrug Use Model.","authors":"Jasper A Heinsbroek, Giuseppe Giannotti, Joel Bonilla, David E Olson, Jamie Peters","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The potential use of psychedelic drugs as therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders has been limited by their hallucinogenic properties. To overcome this limitation, we developed and characterized tabernanthalog (TBG), a novel analogue of the indole alkaloids ibogaine and 5-methoxy-<i>N,N</i>-dimethyltryptamine with reduced cardiac arrhythmogenic risk and a lack of classical psychedelic drugs-induced sensory alterations. We previously demonstrated that TBG has therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical model of opioid use disorder (OUD) in rats and in a binge model of alcohol drinking in mice. Alcohol is commonly co-used in ∼35-50% of individuals with OUD, and yet, preclinical models that recapitulate this comorbidity are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Here we employed a polydrug model of heroin and alcohol couse to screen the therapeutic efficacy of TBG on metrics of both opioid and alcohol seeking. We first exposed rats to alcohol (or control sucrose-fade solution) in the home-cage (HC), using a two-bottle binge protocol, over a period of 1 month. Rats were then split into two groups that underwent self-administration training for either intravenous heroin or oral alcohol, so that we could assess the impact of HC alcohol exposure on the self-administration of each substance separately. Thereafter, rats began self-administering both heroin and alcohol in the same sessions. Finally, we tested the effects of TBG on break points for heroin and alcohol in a progressive ratio test, where the number of lever presses required to obtain a single reward increased exponentially.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>TBG effectively reduced motivation for heroin and alcohol in this test, indicating its efficacy is preserved in animals with a history of heroin and alcohol polydrug use.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"1 2","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10286262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10291736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editors' Introduction to <i>Psychedelic Medicine</i>.","authors":"Peter S Hendricks, Charles D Nichols","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"19 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80705792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal Psychedelic Use Is Common Among a Sample of Psychedelic Therapists: Implications for Research and Practice.","authors":"Jacob S Aday, Zachary Skiles, Noa Eaton, Lisa Fredenburg, Mollie Pleet, Jessica Mantia, Ellen R Bradley, Gisele Fernandes-Osterhold, Joshua D Woolley","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An emerging controversy in psychedelic therapy regards the appropriateness or necessity of psychedelic therapists having personal experience using psychedelics themselves. Although there are a number of potential advantages and disadvantages to personal use among psychedelic therapists, no studies to date have measured their use or other aspects of their training.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>First, we broadly review the literature on experiential learning in psychotherapy and psychiatry as well as the history of personal use of psychedelics by professionals. We then report on the results of a survey that was sent to all 145 therapists associated with Usona Institute's Phase II clinical trial of psilocybin for major depressive disorder. Thirty-two of these individuals (22% response rate) participated in the survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that experiential learning is common in psychotherapy but not in psychiatry, meaning psychedelic therapy straddles two different traditions. In our survey, the majority of psychedelic therapists identified as white, female, and having doctoral degrees. Most of the sample had personal experience with at least one serotonergic psychedelic (28/32; 88%), with psilocybin being most common (26/32; 81%; median number of uses = 2-10; median last use 6-12 months before survey). Participants had myriad intentions for using psychedelics (e.g., personal development, spiritual growth, fun, curiosity). All respondents endorsed favorable views regarding the efficacy of psilocybin therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Personal experience with psychedelics was notably common in this sample of psychedelic therapists, but the study was limited by a low response rate and a lack of diversity among participants. Future research is needed to address these limitations as well as to identify whether personal experience with psychedelics contributes to therapists' competency or introduces bias to the field. Nonetheless, these findings are the first to delineate the personal use of psychedelics among professionals and can inform a pressing debate for the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"22 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89522249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Single Administration of Psilocybin Persistently Rescues Cognitive Deficits Caused by Adolescent Chronic Restraint Stress Without Long-Term Changes in Synaptic Protein Gene Expression in a Rat Experimental System with Translational Relevance to Depression.","authors":"Meghan Hibicke, Hannah M Kramer, Charles D Nichols","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0012","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psilocybin has shown long-lasting antidepressant effects in preclinical and clinical trials, but the mechanisms responsible are unclear. As both passive coping strategies and pattern separation deficits are characteristics of major depression, we used adult female rats subjected to adolescent chronic restraint stress (aCRS) to investigate the effects of psilocybin on forced swim test (FST) and object pattern separation (OPS) behaviors 5 weeks after a single administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescent rats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups-not restrained/saline, not restrained/psilocybin, restrained/saline, and restrained/psilocybin. Restrained group rats were restrained for 1 h daily from day 1 through day 14. Saline and psilocybin were administered on day 21, OPS was evaluated on days 51-55, forced swim behavior was evaluated on day 57 or 58, and animals were sacrificed on day 63. Brains were removed and the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal dentate gyrus, dorsal CA3 hippocampal area, and ventral hippocampus were microdissected out and prepared for mRNA analysis of a panel of genes relevant to synaptic plasticity using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Psilocybin rescued cognitive function in aCRS rats in both assays, but did not affect either measure in nonstressed rats. Immobility in the FST was correlated with impaired discrimination ability in the OPS. No differences in mRNA expression for a panel of genes related to structural synaptic proteins were observed between groups, although stress was a significant contributor to variability of the gene for glutamate metabotropic receptor 2 (<i>Grm2</i>) in two hippocampal regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data indicate that aCRS and OPS represent a powerful system with translational relevance to study depression, and that a single treatment with psilocybin has long-lasting antidepressant-like effects without long-term alterations of mRNA related to synaptic density in brain areas relevant to depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"18 1","pages":"54-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75397006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Incilius alvarius</i> Cell-Based Synthesis of 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.","authors":"Leonard Lerer, Eric Reynolds, Jeet Varia, Karin Blakolmer, Bernard Lerer","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) for psychiatric disorders. Although 5-MeO-DMT can be chemically synthesized, the parotoid gland secretions of <i>Incilius alvarius</i> (also known as the Colorado River or Sonoran Desert toad) contain 5-MeO-DMT and other molecules including bufotenine, bufagenins, bufotoxins, and indole alkylamines that may have individual clinical utility or act as <i>entourage molecules</i> to enhance the activity of 5-MeO-DMT. <i>I. alvarius</i> is currently under severe ecological pressure due to demand for natural 5-MeO-DMT and habitat loss. We established a cell line from tissue obtained by wedge biopsy of the <i>I. alvarius</i> parotoid gland and confirmed the cell-based biosynthesis of 5-MeO-DMT by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Cell-based biosynthesis of <i>I. alvarius</i> parotoid gland secretions is a potentially cruelty-free and sustainable source of naturally derived 5-MeO-DMT for research and drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"1 1","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82865030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Past, Present, and Future of Psychedelics: A <i>Psychedelic Medicine</i> Roundtable Discussion.","authors":"Peter S Hendricks, Charles D Nichols, Kathryn A Cunningham, Mark A Geyer, Roland Griffiths, David Nichols","doi":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"10.1089/psymed.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74590,"journal":{"name":"Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"133 1","pages":"2-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85251930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}