{"title":"Lower Executive Function Ability May Lead to Higher Perceived Mental Workload in Driving Scenarios","authors":"Haoyan Jiang, Sachi Mizobuchi, Mark Chignell","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192859","url":null,"abstract":"Driver mental workload may represent a mismatch between task demands and available mental resources. If driving mental workload arises from a mismatch involving executive functions, then drivers with more executive function ability should perceive less mental workload in driving situations. To test this hypothesis, 33 participants rated the mental workload associated with 16 driving scenarios and also carried out three cognitive assessment games designed to measure executive functions (response inhibition, working memory updating, switching/shifting). We found a significant relationship between two of the executive function abilities (response inhibition, and switching/shifting, but not working memory updating) and mental workload ratings. With an increase in the age of participants, we observed lower response inhibition and higher perceived mental workload after viewing representations of driving scenarios. These results demonstrate that previous results showing higher perceived mental workload for older drivers may be, at least partly, due to decreases in executive function ability as people age.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"44 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135169464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina M. Rudin-Brown, Ashleigh J. Filtness, Michelle Gauthier, Crystal Kirkley, Daria Luisi, Muataz Jaber, Jana Price, Pierre Thiffault
{"title":"Waking Up to the Challenge of Fatigue Management in Transportation","authors":"Christina M. Rudin-Brown, Ashleigh J. Filtness, Michelle Gauthier, Crystal Kirkley, Daria Luisi, Muataz Jaber, Jana Price, Pierre Thiffault","doi":"10.1177/21695067231200872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231200872","url":null,"abstract":"While a vehicle operator falling asleep at the controls is the most obvious symptom of fatigue in transportation operations, less extreme and apparent fatigue levels are reliably associated with performance impairments in, for example, attention, information processing, memory, and situation awareness. Compared to in other industries, fatigue in transportation is made more likely by challenges to the body's circadian rhythm caused by shiftwork and travel across time zones. While experiencing fatigue is a normal physiological and behavioral state, for drivers, pilots, mariners, and other vehicle operators, experiencing fatigue while operating a vehicle can have catastrophic consequences. Fatigue can also contribute to heightened, though less-direct, risk for those who support transport operations, such as shift schedulers, supervisors, and managers. This discussion panel will explore high risk and important human factors challenges to fatigue management facing transportation workers and their industries today, and some practical, and proven, ways to manage them.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"9 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135170403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Atchley, Emily O’Hear, Hannah M. Barr, Jenna E. Cotter, Bryanna Hamblin, Grace Oswald, Bryan Mesmer, Kristen Weger, Sampson Gholston, Vineetha Menon, Mustafa Demir, Nathan L. Tenhundfeld
{"title":"How do Blame Attributions Impact Trust in Complex Task Environments?","authors":"Andrew Atchley, Emily O’Hear, Hannah M. Barr, Jenna E. Cotter, Bryanna Hamblin, Grace Oswald, Bryan Mesmer, Kristen Weger, Sampson Gholston, Vineetha Menon, Mustafa Demir, Nathan L. Tenhundfeld","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192618","url":null,"abstract":"Trust in automation is a multidimensional process in predicting the proper use of automated systems. Trust can be generalized across components in multi-component systems, leading to contagion effects. However, no research has considered how blame attributions influence the size of contagion effects. We conducted an experiment to address how attributions of blame and responsibility influenced the magnitude of contagion effects for trust. Participants were presented with a hypothetical scenario depicting an airplane environment consisting of six human and six automation components. Participants rated their trust in each component before and after an oxygen mask failure. The findings indicate that the percentage of blame attributed to a component predicted the degree to that trust decreased following an error. Thus, more research should focus on how users assign blame across systems.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"23 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135170407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaitlin M. Gallagher, April J. Chambers, Jia-Hua Lin, Karen Jacobs, Michelle M. Robertson
{"title":"Ergonomics Advances in Office Work and Work-from-Home","authors":"Kaitlin M. Gallagher, April J. Chambers, Jia-Hua Lin, Karen Jacobs, Michelle M. Robertson","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192577","url":null,"abstract":"Office ergonomics deals with the equipment and environment that office workers interact to perform their job duties. With constant advances in tools, technology, organizations, and society as a whole, the consequent advantages and impacts on office ergonomics warrant constant examination. In this panel discussion, five researchers will share their recent efforts. The panel starts with two studies on components of office works: the impact of ultrawide computer displays and the utility of sit/stand desks. While these components can be used in both traditional and home office environment, the latter three studies focus on the emergence of work from home (WFH), or hybrid work styles. The determinants of successful WFH ergonomics settings, the physical and mental well-being as well as the productivity among workers in the new workstyle, and an example of organizational intervention for a successful change are presented. The panelists will engage the attendees to explore the future of office ergonomics landscape.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135170856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert S. Gutzwiller, Madison Gilbert, T. J. Drescher, Kimberly J. Ferguson-Walter, Noella Mikanda, Craig J. Johnson, Dakota D. Scott
{"title":"Frustration, Confusion, Surprise, Confidence, And Self-Doubt: Cyber Operators’ Affects During A Realistic Experiment","authors":"Robert S. Gutzwiller, Madison Gilbert, T. J. Drescher, Kimberly J. Ferguson-Walter, Noella Mikanda, Craig J. Johnson, Dakota D. Scott","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192883","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we examine data from a complex two-day experiment with professional cyber red teamers to determine what creates, or contributes, to affective states that may further disrupt attackers. Participants rated their frustration, surprise, confidence, self-doubt, and confusion at the end of each day, and these responses were scored on a Likert scale and using Thematic analysis. We found several elements strongly contributed to the frequency and severity of these affective states, supporting our initial hypothesis, and further that (1) experiencing a Lack of Progress impacted four of the five states with moderate severity, and (2) interacting with elements in the environment that Deviated from what was expected was associated strongly with surprise. Implications for cyber defense and limitations of the method are discussed.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"31 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the Usability of Common Warnings across Industries Using the System Usability Scale","authors":"Carly Ngo, Claudia Ziegler Acemyan, Philip Kortum","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192703","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated people’s perceived usability of warning signs and labels using the System Usability Scale (SUS), to understand how textual and visual factors of warnings contribute to SUS scores. 30 warning signs/labels across various industries were selected and 135 participants evaluated these warnings on their usability and familiarity. Each warning’s textual and visual complexity was also assessed. The resulting SUS scores for the warnings covered a broad range (min = 26.1, max = 92.4). Familiarity with the system and the number of words on the warning significantly correlated with SUS scores. Warnings with higher lexical density, a measure of how informative a written text is, related to higher SUS scores. There was no significant relationship between warnings’ visual complexity and SUS scores. The results suggest that the SUS might prove to be a simple and useful way to measure the usability of warnings.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"34 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina A. Simmons, Patrice D. Tremoulet, George D. Lecakes, Garret J. Williams, Amanda S Almon, Shreekanth Mandayam
{"title":"User-Centered Development and Pilot Test of a Virtual Reality Training Prototype for Parents of Children with Autism","authors":"Christina A. Simmons, Patrice D. Tremoulet, George D. Lecakes, Garret J. Williams, Amanda S Almon, Shreekanth Mandayam","doi":"10.1177/21695067231193690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231193690","url":null,"abstract":"Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently engage in severe destructive behavior that presents significant risks to themselves and others, poses substantial barriers to community integration, and results in high familial and societal financial impact. Despite the efficacy of behavior analytic (BA) interventions for decreasing destructive behavior, to produce meaningful outcomes in the natural environment, treatment effects must transfer to parents. Parents often experience in-person training barriers, such as time, financial burden, transportation, and childcare, as well as concerns with the quality of training delivered, such as unrealistic and uncomfortable training with therapists. This paper presents preliminary results from a pilot test of a prototype of a virtual reality parent training tool intended to reduce access and quality barriers for parents with children with ASD who engage in severe destructive behavior.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of Trajectory Option Sets to Support Collaborative Constraint Propagation","authors":"Philip J. Smith, Tanya Yuditsky, Bart Brickman","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192899","url":null,"abstract":"Air traffic flow management is supported by a highly distributed work system in which airline dispatchers and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) traffic managers must coordinate. To support asynchronous coordination between a dispatcher and a traffic manager, the FAA has developed software that allows the flight operators to submit multiple, prioritized alternative flight plans. This set of alternative flight plans, submitted along with a filed route, is referred to as a Trajectory Option Set (TOS). And some airlines have now developed initial versions of software capable of generating and submitting such TOSs. This paper reports on cognitive walkthroughs with 5 dispatchers and 3 traffic managers on 5 scenarios designed to evaluate the operational concept, procedures and supporting FAA and airline software. The findings provide guidance for application of the concept of collaborative constraint propagation to support distributed work, as well as 42 recommendations for enhancing associated procedures and supporting software designs.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"84 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Connor Wurst, Huei-Yen Winnie Chen, Robert Wahler, Kelly Tenzek, Ranjit Singh, Matthew Cosmai, Alexandria Wahler, Scott Monte
{"title":"Control Task Analysis of the Deprescription Process: A Pilot Study","authors":"Connor Wurst, Huei-Yen Winnie Chen, Robert Wahler, Kelly Tenzek, Ranjit Singh, Matthew Cosmai, Alexandria Wahler, Scott Monte","doi":"10.1177/21695067231200874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231200874","url":null,"abstract":"Deprescription is the process by which a physician supervises a patient’s withdrawal or dose reduction of a given medication due to side effects or diminishing efficacy. Prior studies on the process of deprescription have resulted in a number of models, two of which are used in this pilot study alongside the decision ladder to construct a novel analytic method. Initial findings indicate that this approach can offer unique insight into the deprescription process, particularly regarding the paths physicians take through the decision making process and when certain factors are most important. These early results are limited but lay the foundation for a rich variety of future work.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"6 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunwook Kim, Albert Moore, Aanuoluwapo Ojelade, Nancy Gutierrez, Carisa Harris-Adamson, Alan Barr, Divya Srinivasan, Maury A. Nussbaum
{"title":"A data-driven approach to understand factors contributing to exoskeleton use-intention in construction","authors":"Sunwook Kim, Albert Moore, Aanuoluwapo Ojelade, Nancy Gutierrez, Carisa Harris-Adamson, Alan Barr, Divya Srinivasan, Maury A. Nussbaum","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192932","url":null,"abstract":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) remain an important heath concern for construction workers. Occupational exoskeletons (EXOs) are a new ergonomic intervention to control WMSD risk, yet their adoption has been low in construction. We explored contributing factors to EXO use-intention, by building a decision tree to predict the intention to try an exoskeleton using responses to an online survey. Variable selection and hyperparameter tuning were used respectively to reduce the number of potential predictors, and for a better prediction performance. Performance was assessed using four common metrics. The importance of variables in the final tree was calculated to understand which variable had a greater influence. The final tree had moderate prediction performance. Important variables identified were associated with opinions on EXO use, demographics, job demands, and perceived potential risks. The key influential variables were EXOs becoming standard equipment and fatigue reduction with EXO use. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"35 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}