Primary health care research & development最新文献

{"title":"Referral and management patterns for paediatric otorrhoea across primary and secondary care: a multicentre retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Elliot Heward, Alexander Collingwood, Farah Jeffry, Shailesh Agrawal, Sharan Jayaram, Darren R Ashcroft, Alastair D Hay, Jaya R Nichani, Iain A Bruce","doi":"10.1017/S1463423626101297","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423626101297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the frequency and nature of referrals for children with acute or chronic otorrhoea from primary care to secondary care ENT services in the UK.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Middle ear infections in children are common; if the ear drum bursts discharge leaks out (otorrhoea). This causes hearing loss during a critical developmental period. Managing these children in an appropriate time frame to prevent disease repercussions is vital. There is currently no evidence demonstrating referral patterns and management strategies across primary and secondary care services.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Children with otorrhoea were identified amongst a cohort of 2,100 paediatric ENT (age 0-16 years) referrals from primary care at two secondary care hospital trusts in England in 2023. Chi-squared statistical analysis was performed to compare referral urgency for those with or without hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Of the paediatric ENT referrals, 228 (10.9%) had otorrhoea (mean age: 6.4 years, female: <i>n</i> = 110). The most frequent symptom duration at time of referral was >3-6 months (21.1%). Children with hearing loss were not referred more urgently compared to those without reported hearing loss (28.1% vs. 29.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.832). Antibiotic use in primary care was predominantly using oral antibiotics compared to topical antibiotics in secondary care. This study has shown that children with otorrhoea make up a significant proportion of paediatric referrals to the ENT secondary care services in the UK. Current management is heterogenous and could contribute to treatment failure. Standardized management pathways for these patients should be formulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"27 ","pages":"e64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional advice networks in primary health care.","authors":"Ilknur Aydin Teker, Fatma Mansur","doi":"10.1017/S1463423626101327","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423626101327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to examine advice interactions among family physicians using social network analysis (SNA) by categorizing advice interaction according to the five advice dimensions.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Inter-individual interactions for information exchange is a powerful tool for the pursuit of solutions to issues. These interactions may involve advice-seeking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The whole network approach was adopted and face-to-face research was conducted with 139 family physicians. Data were analysed using social network software, UCINET and visualized using the NETDRAW software. To examine the multidimensional advice networks, the frequency, density, reciprocity (dyad) measures were used. The Quadratic Assignment Procedure was used in UCINET to measure the correlations between the dimensions of advice. The Girvan-Newman algorithm was used to examine clustering in the advice network.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Density values in the advice dimensions were very low. This indicates that the network was sparse, with limited interactions among family physicians in terms of giving and receiving advice. The strength of the ties in the dimensions was realized through validation, solutions, problem reformulation, meta-information, and legitimization, respectively. The results showed that the relationships between the dimensions were moderately, positively and significantly correlated. The advice network exhibited high modularity. Family physicians tended to seek advice from colleagues at the family health centers where they worked. We presented a visual representation of advice networks in primary healthcare settings. Identifying multidimensional advice networks through social network analysis can provide insight into how information is disseminated among family physicians. Our findings could contribute to decision makers in developing solution-oriented processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"27 ","pages":"e67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>'I can contribute so much more but you have to untie my hands' -</i> a qualitative study of COVID-19 pandemic impacts on community pharmacist practice: lessons and future directions.","authors":"Emily Gard Marshall, Lauren Renaud, Maria Mathews, Andrea Bishop, Bobbi Morrison, Natalie Kennie-Kaulbach, Shanna Trenaman, Abraham Munene, Susan Bowles, Isaac Bai, Jennifer E Isenor","doi":"10.1017/S1463423626101303","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423626101303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of our study was to understand how routine pharmacy practice was impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequences for patient access.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Community pharmacists are among the most accessible primary care providers, playing a vital role in primary care access for patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, community pharmacists took on numerous additional roles to support safe primary care access. As health systems are in the latter stages of recovery from the pandemic, understanding how the pandemic impacted routine community pharmacy practice and the repercussions for post-pandemic practice is important.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between September 2020 and January 2021, we interviewed 11 pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Nova Scotia, Canada. We thematically analyzed qualitative data pertaining to pharmacists' perceptions of pandemic impacts on providers, patients, and pharmacy practice.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic greatly impacted community pharmacy practice, patients, and community pharmacists. Participants recommended maintaining some of the community pharmacy practice changes and suggested that continuing to expand the scope of practice for pharmacists is essential to meeting population health needs moving forward. Pharmacists recognize and are willing to maintain the essential roles they have assumed in facilitating patient access to primary care. Decision-makers should consider providing the necessary supports (e.g., communication software) and funding support to enable the full scope of community pharmacist practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"27 ","pages":"e65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Health Centres as a model of care: contextualizing for Europe - a Delphi study.","authors":"Antonija Poplas Susic, Diederik Aarendonk, Jan De Maeseneer, Toni Dedeu","doi":"10.1017/S1463423626101261","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423626101261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to develop a European definition of Community Health Centres (CHCs) as a model of primary care, assess the acceptability and feasibility of this model among experts, and propose a common framework to guide CHC implementation across European countries.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>CHCs have existed in Europe for more than five decades and are increasingly recognized as effective models for delivering comprehensive, equitable and integrated primary care. Despite their established global presence, there remains a need to contextualize and define CHCs within Europe's diverse healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Building on the International Federation of Community Health Centres (IFCHC) definition, a refined version comprising 35 key statements was developed through expert consultations. A two-round Delphi study was conducted with 31 experts from 16 countries, using five-point Likert-scale questionnaires to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of each statement.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>All 35 statements were rated as acceptable and feasible (average value >3 on the five-point Likert scale). The most highly rated elements included respect for human rights, accessibility irrespective of socioeconomic status, interprofessional collaboration, and integrated, people-centred care. Although feasibility ratings were slightly lower than acceptability ratings, they improved in the second round, indicating increased consensus. Statements concerning governance, community participation, and responsibility for specific population subgroups received lower feasibility ratings. Overall, the findings demonstrate broad expert consensus on the relevance and adaptability of the CHC model within Europe. While some implementation challenges persist, particularly regarding governance, interprofessional collaboration, and intersectoral coordination, the proposed definition offers a robust foundation for strengthening primary care across diverse European contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"27 ","pages":"e66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and appropriateness of remote monitoring and self-administered pulse oximetry among COVID-19 patients in Honduras: a mixed-methods study.","authors":"Kathryn W Roberts, Berta Alvarez, Omar Diaz, Michael de St Aubin, Salome Garnier, Saul Cruz, Lorenzo Pavon, Angela Ochoa, Sogeiry Solis, Shiony Midence, Homer Mejía Santos, Jonatan Ochoa, Devan Dumas, Margaret Baldwin, C Daniel Schnorr, Alcides Martinez, Ligia Paina, Eric Nilles","doi":"10.1017/S1463423626101066","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423626101066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the acceptability and appropriateness of remote patient monitoring and self-administered pulse oximetry among high-risk COVID-19 patients, triage centre staff, and study personnel in Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela, Honduras.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Honduras Secretariat of Health and partners conducted a randomized trial to assess the impact of remote patient monitoring with versus without self-administered pulse oximetry in high-risk populations in urban Honduras. Acceptability and appropriateness were examined to inform future intervention adaptation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This mixed-methods study included trial participants, study and triage centre staff. Data sources include trial data, computer-aided self-interviews, and in-depth interviews. The trial ran from March 2022 to January 2023.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>1767 participants completed a disenrollment questionnaire. Thirty-four providers completed a self-interview, and 16 participated in an in-depth interview. Respondents understood interventions and expressed positive attitudes; SESAL staff attitudes were less positive. 94.9% of participants reported willingness to participate again. Some staff expressed concern over participant comprehension and pulse oximeter self-administration, but participants reported successful use. Providers were confident implementing the intervention, but some questioned its appropriateness given competing priorities. Overall, study participants and healthcare providers believed interventions were an acceptable way to monitor for deterioration during the acute phase of a COVID-19 infection. Findings showed that an intervention can be acceptable, but appropriateness may be less clear-cut due to competing priorities. The approach shows promise for adaptation to other settings experiencing health emergencies where technology penetration is high and healthcare availability does not align with demand; appropriateness considerations should be explored prior to implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"27 ","pages":"e62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary health care experiences of Indian immigrants living with chronic illnesses in Australia: a qualitative study.","authors":"Robina Singla, Sheeja Perumbil Pathrose, Aileen Pamonag Lane, Olayide Ogunsiji","doi":"10.1017/S1463423626101339","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423626101339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the primary health care experiences of Indian immigrants living with chronic illnesses in Australia.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary health care is integral for managing health issues for people living with chronic illnesses. Despite Indian migrants being the largest overseas-born population in Australia to use primary health care services for their chronic illnesses, at this time, limited literature reports on their experiences in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted for this study. Through purposive sampling, 11 participants were recruited, and data was collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Three themes and six sub-themes emerged from the thematic analysis. The first theme 'being a mix of experiences' presented participants' positive and negative experiences related to communication, compassion, quality of care and length of consultations. The second theme 'facilitators to accessing primary health care services in Australia' described the benefits of telehealth and having a common cultural background as that of the general practitioner. Meanwhile, the third theme 'barriers to accessing primary health care services in Australia' identified unavailability of preferred GPs and waiting times and delays for in-person appointments as barriers that hindered access to PHC services in Australia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primary health care experiences of Indian immigrants with chronic illnesses in Australia were a mix of positive and negative experiences, similar to that of other immigrants. Faster accessibility and compassionate services among migrants were highlighted to be needing extra attention by way of further research and acknowledging the unique diversity of individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"27 ","pages":"e63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver lived experiences attempting to follow safe sleep recommendations to sleep their baby in a cot: a qualitative directed content analysis.","authors":"Carly Grubb, Jeanine Young, Levita D'Souza","doi":"10.1017/S1463423626101273","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423626101273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine parents' lived experiences of implementing cot-only advice in a contemporary Australian cohort, assess alignment with the international literature on infant sleep and shared sleep practices, and determine whether explicit risk minimization guidelines address information needs identified by parents.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The risk elimination approach to shared sleeping has dominated public health messaging for decades but has been unsuccessful in reducing Sudden Unexpected Deaths in Infancy (SUDI) rates, while bedsharing rates have remained stable. The risk minimization approach offers an alternative, pragmatic framework for reducing controllable risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, secondary, qualitative directed content analysis of free-text responses related to bed-sharing drawn from the 2017 Infant Care Awareness and Routines Evaluation among Queenslanders (I-CARE Qld Study) cross-sectional survey dataset. 3,341 primary caregivers (97% mothers) of infants aged approximately three months, born in Queensland between April and May 2017. For this secondary analysis, free-text responses related to co-sleeping/bedsharing were extracted and analysed qualitatively in line with study objectives.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Queensland parents expressed a desire for more information and non-judgemental education on improving safety while sharing sleep with their baby. Nearly a third of this cohort reported difficulty following advice to sleep their baby separately citing infant temperament/ needs, breastfeeding and caregiver fatigue or exhaustion as top rationales for this difficulty, aligning with earlier international findings. Some awareness by parents of risk minimization strategies to improve shared sleep safety was evident and in alignment with current Queensland Clinical Guidelines. There is an urgent need for public health messaging on safer infant sleep to better align with the lived experiences of parents and families through the adoption of a universal, proactive risk minimization approach to shared sleep. Co-designing guidance with parents may serve to bridge the gap between idealized and real-world implementation of safer infant sleep strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"27 ","pages":"e61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redesigning the model for providing primary healthcare in Iran: a grounded theory study in rural settings.","authors":"Fereshteh Fani, Ghahraman Mahmoudi, Jamshid Yazdani-Charati, Seyedeh-Niko Hashemi, Mansooreh Gharayagh-Zandi, Seyed Amir Soltani, Mousa Yaminfirooz, Mohammad-Ali Jahani","doi":"10.1017/S1463423626101194","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423626101194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to redesign the model for providing primary healthcare (PHC) in rural Iran using a grounded theory approach.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Iran's PHC system, although historically successful, faces structural, managerial, and demographic challenges that limit its responsiveness to emerging population health needs. A context-sensitive redesign is therefore required.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This applied qualitative study used grounded theory methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 senior PHC managers, policymakers, and academic experts selected through purposive and theoretical sampling. Data collection and analysis proceeded concurrently using open, axial, and selective coding in MAXQDA 20. PCAT dimensions were used as sensitizing concepts, while allowing new categories to emerge inductively.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The core category identified was 'strengthening PHC through integrated service delivery and system enablement'. The redesigned model includes core service delivery components (utilization, access, continuity, coordination, comprehensiveness, and affiliation with place/provider) and enabling system components (evidence-based planning, managerial capacity strengthening, financing and payment management, effective surveillance and supervision). These enabling components function as structural supports sustaining effective PHC delivery in rural Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"27 ","pages":"e60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148152433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting general practices to develop green action plans to reduce carbon emissions: development and evaluation of the feasibility of a workshop-based intervention - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Olivia Geddes, Helen Twohig, Abi Eccles, Helen Atherton, Frederik Dahlmann, Florence Karaba, Ana Raquel Nunes, Rachel Spencer, Nicky Thomas, Jeremy Dale","doi":"10.1017/S1463423626101388","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423626101388","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"27 ","pages":"e59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to routine primary healthcare and past-year dental visits: results from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Seana Camp, McKing Izeiza Amedari, Adejare Jay Atanda","doi":"10.1017/S146342362610125X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S146342362610125X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the relationship between access to routine primary healthcare (PHC) and receipt of dental visits.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>PHC plays a vital role in promoting overall health and connecting patients to preventive services. Regular dental visits are crucial for preventing oral health issues and managing chronic diseases associated with oral health. However, disparities in healthcare access may influence the likelihood of individuals receiving necessary dental care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 8, 727 participants ≥ 20 years in the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were used for cross-sectional analysis. Logistic regressions explored the relationship between PHC and 'past-year dental visits', while controlling for sociodemographics.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>84% of the study population had access to routine PHC, and 63% had a past-year dental visit. Adults with PHC were significantly more likely to have had a past-year dental visit (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.76-2.84). This was true for women, the oldest adult age group, and those with the highest educational levels. Black study participants were less likely to have had a past-year dental visit (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.83), so were the unmarried and those without health insurance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Access to routine PHC significantly increases the likelihood of a past-year dental visit, with gender, age, and educational levels having strongest effects. However, Black adults remain less likely to utilize dental services, even with access to routine PHC and health insurance. Strengthening the physician-dentist patient partnership through integrated delivery models of care that embed oral health services with primary care could be key.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"27 ","pages":"e58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}