Primary health care research & development最新文献

{"title":"Impact of advice to quit smoking on rating of care and anticipation of stigma in primary care.","authors":"Chris Barton, Max Wouterlood, Melis Selamoglu, Sanduni Madawala, Joanne Enticott, Elizabeth Sturgiss, Johnson George, Ron Borland","doi":"10.1017/S1463423625100273","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423625100273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We assessed patient experience of care, comparing current and past smokers, and whether frequency of advice to quit smoking impacts patient rating of care.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Experience of care may be a concern for people who smoke and affect their partnership with healthcare providers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We surveyed adults aged over 35 years who had visited a general practitioner (GP) for health care in the past year (n = 611 current and n = 275 ex-smokers). Questions assessed smoking history, experience of care, anticipation of stigma, and perceptions of smoking cessation advice received in general practice.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Fewer than half (48.8%) of current smokers reported 'always' or 'usually' being advised to quit smoking, or being advised in a way that motivated them to quit by a GP or other care provider at their GP practice. Current smokers tended to delay or avoid help seeking when needed and experienced more anticipation of stigma in healthcare settings. Conversely, respondents who reported being advised to quit more frequently rated overall quality of care more highly. These data show that asking about smoking and providing advice to quit smoking was acceptable to most respondents and associated with higher ratings of quality of care. However, advice should be provided in a way that motivates patients, without exacerbating the stigma associated with smoking, which may impact help seeking.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"26 ","pages":"e56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicians' perspectives on a primary healthcare intervention to reduce antibiotic prescription for acute lower respiratory tract infections in Barcelona (Spain): a qualitative study.","authors":"Andrea García-Egea, Ana García-Sangenís, Carl Llor, Anna Berenguera, Ana Moragas, Ramon Monfà, Marta Trapero-Bertrán, Antoni Sisó-Almirall, Rosa Morros, Laura Medina-Perucha","doi":"10.1017/S1463423625000313","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423625000313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interventions based on testing and communication training have been developed to reduce antibiotic prescribing in primary healthcare (PHC) for the treatment of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRTIs). However, research based on the experiences of PHC clinicians participating in ALTRIs interventions to reduce antibiotic prescribing in Barcelona is scanty.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of clinicians (physicians and nurses) on an intervention to reduce antibiotic prescription in PHC in Barcelona (Spain). This intervention was a randomised controlled study (cRCT) based on three arms: 1) use of a C-reactive protein (CRP) rapid test; 2) enhanced communication skills; and 3) combination of CRP rapid test and enhanced communication skills. In addition, the study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the detection of ALRTIs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study used a socio-constructivist perspective. Sampling was purposive. Participants were selected based on age, sex, profession, intervention trial arm in which they participated, and the socioeconomic area of the PHC where they worked. They were recruited through the healthcare centres participating in the study. Nine participants (7 women and 2 men) participated in two focus groups, lasting 65-66 min, in September-October 2022. Framework analysis was used to analyse the data.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Three themes were identified: <i>'(The intervention) gave us reassurance': intervention experiences among health professionals</i>. This theme includes accounts of clinicians' satisfaction with the intervention, particularly with CRP testing to support clinical diagnoses; <i>'We don't have time in primary healthcare': structural and community resources in healthcare services</i>. This theme encompasses clinicians' experiences on healthcare pressures and PHC organisational structures barriers to PHC interventions; and <i>'I only did three CRP': impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the intervention</i>. The last theme focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intervention's implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CPR testing and promoting communication skills can be useful tools to support clinical decisions for ALRTIs. Structural barriers (e.g., healthcare pressures) and social inequities amongst service users were acknowledged as the main barriers for the implementation of ALRTIs interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"26 ","pages":"e54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in chest pain presentation, triage assessment, and outcomes in urgent primary care: findings from the TRACE cohort study.","authors":"Amy Manten, Bryn Hummel, Renee Bolijn, Remco P Rietveld, Irene G M van Valkengoed, Eric P Moll van Charante, Ralf E Harskamp","doi":"10.1017/S1463423625100182","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423625100182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate sex differences in the triage and assessment of chest pain in Dutch out-of-hours primary care (OOH-PC).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior research illustrated differences between women and men with confirmed cardiac ischemia. However, information on sex differences among patients with undifferentiated chest pain is limited and current protocols used to assess chest pain in urgent primary care in the Netherlands do not account for potential sex differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who contacted a large OOH-PC facility in the Netherlands in 2017 regarding chest pain. We performed descriptive analyses on sex differences in patient and symptom characteristics, triage assessment, and subsequent clinical outcomes, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 1,802 patients were included, the median age was 54 years, and 57.6% were female. Compared to men, women less often had a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (16.0% vs 25.8%, p < 0.001) or cardiovascular risk factors (49.3% vs 56.0%, p = 0.005). Symptom characteristics were comparable between sexes. While triage urgencies were more frequently altered in women, the resulting triage urgencies were comparable, including ambulance activation rates (31.1% and 33.5%, respectively, p = 0.33). Musculoskeletal causes were the most common in both sexes; but women were less likely to have an underlying cardiovascular condition (21.1% vs 29.6%, p < 0.001), including ACS (5.4% vs 8.5%, p = 0.019).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women more frequently sought urgent primary care for chest pain than men. Despite a lower overall risk for cardiovascular events in women, triage assessment and ambulance activation rates were similar to those in men, indicating a potentially less efficient and overly conservative triage approach for women.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"26 ","pages":"e53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local variation in musculoskeletal pain consultation rates in primary care: findings from an ecologic study in Staffordshire.","authors":"George M Peat, Jonathan C Hill, Dahai Yu, Simon Wathall, Emma Parry, James Bailey, Kay Stevenson, Clare Thompson, Ross Wilkie, Krysia Dziedzic, Kelvin P Jordan","doi":"10.1017/S1463423625100133","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423625100133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Variation between general practices in the rate of consultations for musculoskeletal pain conditions may signal important differences in access to primary care, perceived usefulness, or available alternative sources of care; however, it might also just reflect differences in underlying 'need' between practices' registered populations. In a study of 30 general practices in Staffordshire, we calculated the proportion of adults consulting for a musculoskeletal pain condition, then examined this in relation to selected practice and population characteristics, including the estimated prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal problems and chronic pain in each practices' registered population. Between September 2021 and July 2022, 18,388 adults were consulted for a musculoskeletal pain condition. After controlling for length of recruitment, time of year, and age-sex structure, the proportion consulting varied up to two-fold between practices but was not strongly associated with the prevalence of self-reported long-term musculoskeletal problems, chronic pain, and high-impact chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"26 ","pages":"e52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental suffering, based on the experiences of people who are mentally ill.","authors":"Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura, Marciana Fernandes Moll, Camila Kaori Hayashi, Bruna Sordi Carrara, Igor de Oliveira Reis","doi":"10.1017/S1463423625100121","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423625100121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand mental suffering from the point of view of the people affected.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative study was carried out with 22 users of Primary Health Care units in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. The data were collected through individual interviews using the Oral Life History technique and analysed using Thematic Analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two categories emerged: 'Vulnerabilities in the life history of people with mental suffering' and 'Perceiving and living with suffering and/or mental disorder'. The experience was permeated by situations of violence, poverty and abandonment, from childhood to adulthood. The recognition of mental suffering and its consequences was based on behavioural changes and work difficulties, which did not lead them to seek immediate treatment. The difficulty of living with suffering and/or mental disorder is directly related to adherence to treatment.</p><p><strong>Final considerations: </strong>Subjective aspects present in human life are still disregarded and the late search for professional help seems to result in the stigma and self-stigma of people with mental suffering and/or disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"26 ","pages":"e51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical strategies for achieving system change in the US: lessons and insights from the CONQUEST quality improvement programme.","authors":"Alexander Evans, Jill VanWyk, Margee Kerr, Amy Couper, Wilson D Pace, Yasir Tarabichi, Rachel Pullen, Michael Pollack, M Bradley Drummond, Jill Ohar, Catherine Meldrum, MeiLan K Han, Alan Kaplan, Tonya Winders, Juan Wisnivesky, Barry Make, Alex Federman, Victoria Carter, Katie Lang, Douglas Mapel, Nicola A Hanania, Daiana Stolz, Fernando J Martinez, David Price","doi":"10.1017/S1463423625100170","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423625100170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Quality improvement programmes (QIPs) are designed to enhance patient outcomes by systematically introducing evidence-based clinical practices. The CONQUEST QIP focuses on improving the identification and management of patients with COPD in primary care. The process of developing CONQUEST, recruiting, preparing systems for participation, and implementing the QIP across three integrated healthcare systems (IHSs) is examined to identify and share lessons learned.</p><p><strong>Approach and development: </strong>This review is organized into three stages: 1) development, 2) preparing IHSs for implementation, and 3) implementation. In each stage, key steps are described with the lessons learned and how they can inform others interested in developing QIPs designed to improve the care of patients with chronic conditions in primary care.Stage 1 was establishing and working with steering committees to develop the QIP Quality Standards, define the target patient population, assess current management practices, and create a global operational protocol. Additionally, potential IHSs were assessed for feasibility of QIP integration into primary care practices. Factors assessed included a review of technological infrastructure, QI experience, and capacity for effective implementation.Stage 2 was preparation for implementation. Key was enlisting clinical champions to advocate for the QIP, secure participation in primary care, and establish effective communication channels. Preparation for implementation required obtaining IHS approvals, ensuring Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance, and devising operational strategies for patient outreach and clinical decision support delivery.Stage 3 was developing three IHS implementation models. With insight into the local context from local clinicians, implementation models were adapted to work with the resources and capacity of the IHSs while ensuring the delivery of essential elements of the programme.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Developing and launching a QIP programme across primary care practices requires extensive groundwork, preparation, and committed local champions to assist in building an adaptable environment that encourages open communication and is receptive to feedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"26 ","pages":"e50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of occupational therapy in primary care mental health services: a short report.","authors":"Arabella Hely, Claire Pearce","doi":"10.1017/S1463423625100212","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423625100212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper is a short report considering the role of occupational therapy in providing mental health services in primary care. Primary care is the first point of contact most people have with the healthcare system. Occupational therapists have a role working with people with mental illness but the role of an occupational therapist working in mental health in a primary care setting is not well understood. Common interventions discussed in the literature included lifestyle approaches, assessment and information gathering, and the teaching of skills for daily living. There was a clear divide in the literature regarding the use of generic or specialist (occupation-focused) roles. Physical health was often prioritized over mental health concerns. Limited research examined both the population group of people with mental health concerns and the practice setting of primary care, identifying the need for further research to articulate the role of occupational therapy in working with mental health in primary care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"26 ","pages":"e49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-design of interventions and services with structurally marginalized populations in the context of maternal and early childhood primary care: a rapid scoping review.","authors":"Lucie Vicat-Blanc, Lisa Merry, Marie-Christine Harguindéguy-Lincourt, Yujia Tang, Andraea Van Hulst","doi":"10.1017/S146342362510011X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S146342362510011X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To synthesize evidence on approaches used in the co-design of maternal and early childhood primary care interventions with structurally marginalized populations.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Involving end-users when developing health interventions can enhance outcomes. There is limited knowledge on how to effectively engage structurally marginalized populations (i.e., groups that are affected by structural inequities resulting in a disproportionate burden of social exclusion and poor health) when co-designing maternal child primary care interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rapid scoping review was conducted by searching EMBASE and CINAHL for studies indexed between January 2010 and December 2024. Peer-reviewed studies describing co-designed health interventions or services tailored to structurally marginalized populations during prenatal, postpartum, or early childhood periods were included if they reported on one or multiple steps of a co-design process in community-based primary care practices in high-income countries.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Of the 5970 records that were screened, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The co-designed interventions included three eHealth tools, a health- and social-care hub, a mental health service, a health literacy program, an antenatal care uptake intervention, an inventory of parenting support strategies, and a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevention campaign. Women, mothers, fathers, and health- and social-service providers contributed to the co-design process by participating in workshops, focus groups, individual interviews, or surveys. They provided feedback on intervention prototypes, existing resources, and new intervention designs or practice models. Ethical and practical considerations related to the population and context (e.g., marginalization) were not consistently addressed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This synthesis on intervention co-design approaches with structurally marginalized populations can provide guidance for primary care organizations that are considering maternal child health intervention co-design with this clientele. Future work should include a critical reflection on the ethical and practical considerations for co-design with structurally marginalized populations in the context of maternal and early child care.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"26 ","pages":"e48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to women's cancer control in Morocco: a qualitative study of lay advisors and civil society perspectives.","authors":"Amy Luo, Maha Naamaoui, Amr Soliman, Majdouline Obtel, Wafaa Kaikani, Hafida Charaka, Chakib Nejjari, Mohamed Khalis","doi":"10.1017/S1463423625100169","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423625100169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study explores the perspectives of cancer lay health providers and civil society on the barriers and facilitators to cancer detection and treatment among women.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2010, the Moroccan Ministry of Health implemented a national plan for cancer care and control. Activities focused on strengthening multisectoral collaboration in cancer care and control, including promoting early detection in primary care. Despite progress in reducing women's cancer mortality, socio-cultural challenges impede further gains. Elucidating the perspectives of the community-based and civil society allied in cancer control is critical to addressing cancer disparities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected through in-depth interviews with cancer lay health advisors (<i>n</i> = 10) and civil society members (<i>n</i> = 10) on topics of challenges and opportunities to improve care-seeking and treatment. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and guided by the socio-ecological model.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Barriers and facilitators to early diagnosis and treatment were identified at levels of the individual, family, community/societal, and the health system. Barriers to early detection include taboo and stigma, fear of death, and gender norms and roles. Financial and geographic barriers, lack of psychosocial support, and poor health system/provider communication were major deterrents related to treatment. Results suggest intervention targets to reduce late-stage presentation for women, including enhancing educational efforts and augmenting community outreach linkages to primary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"26 ","pages":"e47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of addiction levels and physical activity capacities of smokers on exhaled carbon monoxide level.","authors":"Ecem Çakir Altinyaprak, İzzet Fidanci, Fatma Birgül Kumbaroğlu, Tülin Düger","doi":"10.1017/S1463423625100108","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1463423625100108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effect of smokers' nicotine addiction levels and physical activity capacities (aerobic capacities) on exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) measurement values in respiratory air.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a cross-sectional epidemiological descriptive type study. About 146 smokers, aged 18 and above, who applied to Hacettepe University Family Medicine outpatient clinics between March and May 2023 were included in the study. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) were performed to the participants, and the relationship of the data with exhaled CO level was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the data we obtained, it was observed that the addiction score evaluated by the FTND had a positive, moderately statistically significant effect on the CO level (r = 0.483 p < 0.001). Although the percentage of aerobic capacity (physical activity capacities) assessed by the 6-MWT appeared to have a very weak negative relationship with the exhaled CO level, it was found to be not statistically significant (r = -0.112 p = 0.177).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data we obtained showed that smoking addiction has harmful effects such as increasing CO in the body, but there is no relationship between physical activity and the amount of exhaled CO. It has been observed that quitting smoking and complying with lifestyle change recommendations are an important necessity for a healthier life. To improve patients' overall health outcomes, family physicians are crucial in helping patients quit smoking and encouraging lifestyle modifications. This study might have encouraged the reflection of smoking habits and thus motivated quitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":74493,"journal":{"name":"Primary health care research & development","volume":"26 ","pages":"e46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}