Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups最新文献

{"title":"Young Children's Temperament and Their Emerging Prejudice Against Stuttering","authors":"Dahye Choi, Katelyn Maher-Hosford, Brenda L. Beverly","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00090","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The purpose of the present study was to determine whether typically developing children's temperament is associated with their awareness and emerging prejudice against stuttering.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The emotional reactivity and emotion regulation of 42 typically developing 3- to 7-year-old children were assessed using parent report of temperament (i.e., Children's Behavioral Questionnaire). Children viewed a video of two puppets, one with fluent speech and the other with nonfluent speech. Children were prompted to answer questions to assess their awareness of stuttering as well as their preference for fluent speech and negative evaluation of stuttering, with the latter two being combined to index children's emerging prejudice against stuttering.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Findings indicated that typically developing children's positive emotional reactivity was significantly associated with their verbally expressed awareness of stuttering. In addition, children's higher negative emotional reactivity was significantly associated with greater emerging prejudice against stuttering.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Findings were taken to suggest that young typically developing children's emotional reactivity may play an important role in developing awareness of stuttering and prejudice against stuttering in their early years.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"75 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under the Surface: Rhoticity and Relevance in the Song “Surface Pressure” From Disney's\u0000 Encanto","authors":"Sarah Lockenvitz, Avery Brooks","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00087","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The song “Surface Pressure” from the Disney film\u0000 Encanto\u0000 is believed to have a relatively high number of opportunities for production practice of rhotic speech sounds in comparison to conversational tasks. Given the effectiveness of meaningful activities in speech-language intervention, incorporation of this song into treatment has the potential to benefit speech-disordered children.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Transcription of “Surface Pressure” using the International Phonetic Alphabet was completed by two independent transcribers, and a consensus was reached on all discrepancies (94.8% consistency). Frequency of occurrence for different rhotic speech sounds was calculated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The song “Surface Pressure” contains a proportionally high number of the uncommon American English stressed and unstressed schwars at 5.32% of the total phonemes in the entirety of the song, compared to 2.21% in conversational American English. Over 9% of the total phonemes are characterized by some degree of rhoticity, compared to 6.08% in conversation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The construction of “Surface Pressure” creates an accessible and authentic opportunity for targeting errored productions of rhotic speech sounds in a potentially culturally and socially relevant way. Similar analyses could justify the use of other distinctive children's movie songs in place of more traditional methods of elicitation for various speech disorder assessment and intervention needs, all with the objective of offering meaningful, authentic, and relevant opportunities for desired productions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"61 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Slightly Thick Liquids for Improving Swallowing in Bottle-Fed Children With Aerodigestive Concerns","authors":"Renata Mancopes, Cheryl J. Hersh, Rebecca Baars, Vanessa Panes, Jessica Sorbo, Danielle Sutton, M. Péladeau-Pigeon, M. Fracchia, C. Steele","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00181","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Strategies for facilitating safe and functional bottle feeding in children with dysphagia include selecting nipples that reduce flow rate, pacing, altered positioning, and thickening liquid consistencies. We aimed to determine the impact of slightly thick liquids on swallowing through retrospective review of a convenience sample of clinical videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) from 60 bottle-fed children (21 boys and 39 girls, mean age of 9.9 months) referred due to suspected aspiration.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Eligible VFSS exams were those in which the child swallowed both thin and slightly thick barium (40% w/v Varibar barium) using the same nipple. VFSS sequences (i.e., uninterrupted portions of the VFSS recording) were randomly assigned in duplicate for rating by trained raters; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Parameters measured included number of swallows/sequence, sucks/swallow, swallow and sequence duration, number and timing of penetration or aspiration events, laryngeal vestibule closure integrity, and pharyngeal residue. Chi-square tests, linear mixed-model analyses of variance, and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests identified consistency effects.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There were no aspiration events in these recordings. Slightly thick liquids resulted in significantly fewer penetration events (\u0000 p\u0000 < .05), increased sucks/swallow, fewer swallows/sequence, and longer swallow and sequence durations. The number of children with ≥ 1 sequence showing pyriform sinus residue was significantly higher with slightly thick liquids.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Slightly thick liquids can be effective in reducing penetration in bottle-fed children with dysphagia. However, slightly thick liquids may also lead to a safety–efficiency trade-off, with increased risk of pyriform sinus residue. Thickening for children with dysphagia should be considered only when other approaches are not effective. Overthickening should be avoided to limit negative impact on swallowing efficiency.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Script Training to Improve Discourse in a Patient With Chronic Aphasia","authors":"Alexandra Hollo, Busra Ensar, Kimberly M. Meigh","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Script training is a well-known treatment designed to improve functional communication in patients with aphasia. In this clinical study, we examined the effects of low-tech script training for J.W., a 73-year-old patient with chronic nonfluent aphasia acquired at age 60 years.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Using a single-subject, multiple-baseline design across three scripts, we assessed the effects of script training on percent script correct (PSC) and words per minute (WPM). The study took place in a university-based outpatient clinic and consisted of six training sessions plus 15 min of recommended daily homework. We adapted standard procedures in accordance with J.W.'s individual strengths, limitations, and preferences.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 J.W. reached criterion (PSC = 80%) within two to three training sessions across three scripts (pretreatment:\u0000 M\u0000 = 17%, posttreatment:\u0000 M\u0000 = 83%). Moreover, he improved in communication effectiveness, nearly doubling his rate of speech from pre- (\u0000 M\u0000 = 31.53 WPM) to posttreatment (\u0000 M\u0000 = 59.59 WPM) sessions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conclude that a brief script training intervention improved the ability to communicate effectively and efficiently for this patient with chronic aphasia. Anecdotally, J.W. also reported using the scripts successfully outside of the therapy room on a regular basis and expressed an interest in using script training in the future. Although methodological limitations of this clinical study must be considered, low-tech script training appears to have benefited this patient's ability to engage in functional discourse even 13 years poststroke.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Culturally Responsive Voice Care: Mitigating Disparities by Addressing Implicit Bias","authors":"Mariah E. Morton-Jones, Lauren Timmons Sund","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00137","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Access to voice care is central to improving the quality of life of patients with voice concerns. However, health care access is a dynamic, complex entity involving various factors, including the voice clinician. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to explicate the impactful role speech pathologists and voice clinicians may play in daily clinical practice to promote health equity through mitigating well-documented negative effects of personal implicit biases in health care and providing culturally responsive practices.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Evidence indicates that implicit bias has a grave impact on daily clinical practice and dialogue. Within the complexity of health care access, a clinician either creates barriers or facilitators that determine the acceptability and approachability of the care offered. Unaddressed implicit bias and lack of culturally responsive practices may reduce the quality of care and ultimately hinder a patient from seeking behavioral voice services. However, intentional practices sought by the clinician and health care team to resolve unconscious biases and promote culturally responsive care throughout the therapeutic process are obtainable, as we collectively strive toward health equity for all patients with voice concerns.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"281 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Oropharyngeal Swallowing Physiology and Functional Clinical Predictors in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","authors":"K. Garand, Angela M. Malek, Kevin Renz Ambrocio","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00096","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 We aimed to quantify oropharyngeal swallowing physiology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and examine relationships between swallowing impairments and ratings of pulmonary function (forced vital capacity percent predicted, FVC % pre) and functional status (ALS Functional Rating Scale–Revised, ALSFRS-R).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A retrospective analysis of swallowing-related data of persons with ALS (PALS) was completed. Their Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile component, Oral Total (OT), and Pharyngeal Total (PT) scores were compared with data from age- (±1 year) and sex-matched healthy controls retrieved from an archival normative data set using Mann–Whitney\u0000 U\u0000 tests. Relationships between PALS' OT and PT scores, FVC % pre, and ALSFRS-R were examined using Pearson product–moment correlations and multiple linear regression modeling.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twenty-one PALS (12 women), with a mean age of 62.2 ± 9.9 years, were included in the analyses. Compared to healthy controls, PALS exhibited significantly worse function across 13 (76%) physiological swallowing components (all\u0000 p\u0000 < .05). OT and PT scores significantly differed between PALS and healthy controls (each\u0000 p\u0000 < .001), with higher scores (worse impairment) observed in the former. When adjusting for age and sex, FVC % pre was a significant predictor of OT score (\u0000 p\u0000 = .045). An inverse relationship was found with ALSFRS-R and OT score (\u0000 p\u0000 = .052). FVC % pre (\u0000 p\u0000 = .061) and ALSFRS-R (\u0000 p\u0000 = .54) did not significantly predict PT score.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 PALS demonstrated swallowing impairments across oropharyngeal domains and the esophageal component. In our PALS cohort, FVC % pre was a useful clinical indicator of oral swallowing impairment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"29 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound Healing and Special Considerations for the Professional and Performing Voice","authors":"Abigail Dueppen, A. Joshi","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The purpose of this article is to review the wound healing process of the vocal fold following phonomicrosurgery to remove benign vocal fold lesions in professional voice users. Understanding this process and the risk of developing scar tissue at the injury site is important for treatment of these individuals. This review also highlights special considerations during the postinjury rehabilitation period and the unique vocal loading tasks and needs of performing voice users. The goal of this article is to provide clinical tools for wound healing education to nonvoice-specialized speech-language pathologists to inform their rehabilitation of the professional and performing voice user.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Implications intrinsic to vocal fold physiology and the stages of wound healing necessitate the avoidance of scar tissue with a rehabilitation plan tailored to the unique vocal loading demands of professional and performing voice users. There is a need to develop specific rehabilitation protocols that are genre-specific to aid in the individual treatment of the elite vocal athlete.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment in Farsi–English Emerging Bilingual Children: A Tutorial","authors":"M. Namazi, Maryam Salehomoum","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00094","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Emerging bilingual children represent a diverse population with regard to their language learning histories and individual factors. When assessing a bilingual child, it is important to accurately differentiate typical second-language learning characteristics from differences that indicate a disorder. The Iranian scholarly and clinical communities have established essential linguistic norms and identified linguistic and nonlinguistic indicators of speech and language disorder in Farsi-speaking children. The community has also developed assessment tools that are useful when evaluating the language skills of bilingual Farsi-English–speaking children.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We present some relevant characteristics of the Farsi-speaking community and summarize the literature related to linguistic norms and the characteristics of the Farsi language, particularly related to the phonological and morphosyntactic structure of Farsi. To illustrate the diversity in bilingual children's profiles and the need for individualized assessment, we present two case studies of sequential emerging Farsi–English bilingual children.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We present the children's assessment results and report clinical indicators of a language disorder. The case examples are used to highlight several recommendations for conducting individualized and culturally sensitive assessments.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This tutorial highlights the need for a comprehensive and individualized assessment of a bilingual child. Specific assessment tools and procedures are outlined to support clinicians in completing accurate and sensitive evaluations of Farsi–English bilingual children.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"143 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying and Treating Functional “Nonnative [Foreign] Accent Syndrome”: Perspectives From the Patient and Speech-Language Pathologist","authors":"Rene L. Utianski, Michael J. Bridge","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 When nonnative speaking patterns emerge following neurologic insult or injury, it has often been referred to as foreign, or nonnative, accent syndrome (FAS). In many other cases, FAS can occur as a manifestation of a functional speech disorder (FSD). The purpose of this clinical focus article is to (a) describe the methods utilized in identifying and managing a functional communication disorder characterized by nonnative speech, language, and nonverbal communication intrusions, accompanied by a functional movement disorder and (b) describe the patient's lived experience.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The patient is a 59-year-old monolingual English-speaking gentleman with a remote history of episodic stuttering, who later developed an abrupt onset of a nonnative speaking style that changed in quality over time. He also developed gait difficulties that, after visiting with several neurologists, were judged to reflect a functional neurological disorder. During the speech evaluation session, an “Eastern European accent” was noted, along with nonnative word use and word order. A diagnosis of FSD characterized by foreign accent was made, and intervention was undertaken as detailed in the clinical focus article and demonstrated in the accompanying video. With behavioral intervention, the patient was able to correct sound-level changes in structured tasks such as reading and repetition and then in conversation. Language dialect–like changes resolved without direct intervention. The nonspeech movement disorder was addressed with intensive occupational and physical therapy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The patient presented with functional FAS, which was effectively managed with symptomatic, targeted behavioral intervention. His experience demonstrates the importance of patient advocacy in acquiring an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management recommendations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24653430\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"132 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's New in Ototoxicity Management?","authors":"Katharine Fernandez, A. Garinis, Kristin Knight, Dawn Konrad-Martin, Thais Morata, G. Poling, K. Reavis, Victoria A. Sanchez, Laura Dreisbach","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00153","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Ototoxic medications and chemical agents in the workplace can put individuals' hearing and vestibular health at risk for permanent injury. Proactive ototoxicity management (OtoM) strategies aim to minimize exposure, avoid onset of symptoms, provide ongoing monitoring, and manage auditory and vestibular changes as the clinical needs of the patient evolve. During a 2021 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Special Interest Groups Open House, members of the International Ototoxicity Management Group discussed how best to integrate OtoM into routine clinical practice, what tools to use, and what special considerations need to be understood to best support patients and their families. Here, we have summarized their viewpoints to encourage widespread adoption of improved OtoM services for at-risk individuals.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The field of audiology needs to move to a place where we better understand the full extent of ototoxicity and can agree on expanding minimum guidelines that can be implemented more universally to mitigate, detect, and manage the damage from ototoxic exposures. Only recently has our field seen a therapeutic drug that can protect against ototoxicity; however, the population served is restricted only to children receiving treatment for nonmetastatic carcinoma. This is hopefully just the beginning of future therapeutic interventions to come, but, in the meantime, ototoxicity resulting from other medications in different patient populations and chemical agents persists.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"122 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}