Oxford open immunology最新文献_第5页

What can neuroimmunology teach us about the symptoms of long-COVID? 关于长期新冠肺炎的症状，神经免疫学能教会我们什么？

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab004

Valeria Mondelli, Carmine M Pariante

引用次数: 0

The role and uses of antibodies in COVID-19 infections: a living review. 抗体在 COVID-19 感染中的作用和用途：生动回顾。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2021-01-28 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab003

D Oliver Scourfield, Sophie G Reed, Max Quastel, Jennifer Alderson, Valentina M T Bart, Alicia Teijeira Crespo, Ruth Jones, Ellie Pring, Felix Clemens Richter, Stephanie E A Burnell

引用次数: 0

Mucosal immune responses in COVID19 - a living review. COVID19 中的粘膜免疫反应--生动回顾。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2021-01-25 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab002

Claire F Pearson, Rebecca Jeffery, Emily E Thornton

{"title":"Mucosal immune responses in COVID19 - a living review.","authors":"Claire F Pearson, Rebecca Jeffery, Emily E Thornton","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqab002","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqab002","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 was initially characterized as a disease primarily of the lungs, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the SARS-CoV2 virus is able to infect many organs and cause a broad pathological response. The primary infection site is likely to be a mucosal surface, mainly the lungs or the intestine, where epithelial cells can be infected with virus. Although it is clear that virus within the lungs can cause severe pathology, driven by an exaggerated immune response, infection within the intestine generally seems to cause minor or no symptoms. In this review, we compare the disease processes between the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, and what might drive these different responses. As the microbiome is a key part of mucosal barrier sites, we also consider the effect that microbial species may play on infection and the subsequent immune responses. Because of difficulties obtaining tissue samples, there are currently few studies focused on the local mucosal response rather than the systemic response, but understanding the local immune response will become increasingly important for understanding the mechanisms of disease in order to develop better treatments.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"2 1","pages":"iqab002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7871424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10761298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection: implications for host defence - a living review. 肥胖和严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型感染的影响：对宿主防御的影响——一项活体综述。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2021-01-21 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab001

Felix Clemens Richter, Aljawharah Alrubayyi, Alicia Teijeira Crespo, Sarah Hulin-Curtis

{"title":"Impact of obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection: implications for host defence - a living review.","authors":"Felix Clemens Richter, Aljawharah Alrubayyi, Alicia Teijeira Crespo, Sarah Hulin-Curtis","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqab001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqab001","url":null,"abstract":"The role of obesity in the pathophysiology of respiratory virus infections has become particularly apparent during the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, where obese patients are twice as likely to suffer from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than healthy weight individuals. Obesity results in disruption of systemic lipid metabolism promoting a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. However, it remains unclear how these underlying metabolic and cellular processes promote severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerging data in SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus (IAV) infections show that viruses can further subvert the host's altered lipid metabolism and exploit obesity-induced alterations in immune cell metabolism and function to promote chronic inflammation and viral propagation. In this review, we outline the systemic metabolic and immune alterations underlying obesity and discuss how these baseline alterations impact the immune response and disease pathophysiology. A better understanding of the immunometabolic landscape of obese patients may aid better therapies and future vaccine design.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"2 1","pages":"iqab001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/oxfimm/iqab001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9335260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Vaccine responses in ageing and chronic viral infection. 老龄化和慢性病毒感染中的疫苗反应。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab007

Chloe Rees-Spear, Laura E McCoy

引用次数: 3

The role of pseudotype neutralization assays in understanding SARS CoV-2. 伪型中和试验在了解SARS - CoV-2中的作用。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab005

Diego Cantoni, Martin Mayora-Neto, Nigel Temperton

引用次数: 2

T cell phenotypes in COVID-19 - a living review. T细胞表型在COVID-19中的活回顾

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqaa007

Stephanie J Hanna, Amy S Codd, Ester Gea-Mallorqui, D Oliver Scourfield, Felix C Richter, Kristin Ladell, Mariana Borsa, Ewoud B Compeer, Owen R Moon, Sarah A E Galloway, Sandra Dimonte, Lorenzo Capitani, Freya R Shepherd, Joseph D Wilson, Lion F K Uhl, Awen M Gallimore, Anita Milicic

{"title":"T cell phenotypes in COVID-19 - a living review.","authors":"Stephanie J Hanna, Amy S Codd, Ester Gea-Mallorqui, D Oliver Scourfield, Felix C Richter, Kristin Ladell, Mariana Borsa, Ewoud B Compeer, Owen R Moon, Sarah A E Galloway, Sandra Dimonte, Lorenzo Capitani, Freya R Shepherd, Joseph D Wilson, Lion F K Uhl, Awen M Gallimore, Anita Milicic","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqaa007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqaa007","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is characterized by profound lymphopenia in the peripheral blood, and the remaining T cells display altered phenotypes, characterized by a spectrum of activation and exhaustion. However, antigen-specific T cell responses are emerging as a crucial mechanism for both clearance of the virus and as the most likely route to long-lasting immune memory that would protect against re-infection. Therefore, T cell responses are also of considerable interest in vaccine development. Furthermore, persistent alterations in T cell subset composition and function post-infection have important implications for patients' long-term immune function. In this review, we examine T cell phenotypes, including those of innate T cells, in both peripheral blood and lungs, and consider how key markers of activation and exhaustion correlate with, and may be able to predict, disease severity. We focus on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells to elucidate markers that may indicate formation of antigen-specific T cell memory. We also examine peripheral T cell phenotypes in recovery and the likelihood of long-lasting immune disruption. Finally, we discuss T cell phenotypes in the lung as important drivers of both virus clearance and tissue damage. As our knowledge of the adaptive immune response to COVID-19 rapidly evolves, it has become clear that while some areas of the T cell response have been investigated in some detail, others, such as the T cell response in children remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this review will also highlight areas where T cell phenotypes require urgent characterisation.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"2 1","pages":"iqaa007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/oxfimm/iqaa007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10761297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Advances in understanding the formation and fate of B-cell memory in response to immunization or infection. 免疫或感染反应中b细胞记忆的形成和命运的研究进展。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab018

Liam Kealy, Kim L Good-Jacobson

{"title":"Advances in understanding the formation and fate of B-cell memory in response to immunization or infection.","authors":"Liam Kealy, Kim L Good-Jacobson","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqab018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqab018","url":null,"abstract":"Immunological memory has the potential to provide lifelong protection against recurrent infections. As such, it has been crucial to the success of vaccines. Yet, the recent pandemic has illuminated key gaps in our knowledge related to the factors influencing effective memory formation and the inability to predict the longevity of immune protection. In recent decades, researchers have acquired a number of novel and powerful tools with which to study the factors underpinning humoral memory. These tools have been used to study the B-cell fate decisions that occur within the germinal centre (GC), a site where responding B cells undergo affinity maturation and are one of the major routes for memory B cell and high-affinity long-lived plasma cell formation. The advent of single-cell sequencing technology has provided an enhanced resolution for studying fate decisions within the GC and cutting-edge techniques have enabled researchers to model this reaction with more accuracy both in vitro and in silico. Moreover, modern approaches to studying memory B cells have allowed us to gain a better appreciation for the heterogeneity and adaptability of this vital class of B cells. Together, these studies have facilitated important breakthroughs in our understanding of how these systems operate to ensure a successful immune response. In this review, we describe recent advances in the field of GC and memory B-cell biology in order to provide insight into how humoral memory is formed, as well as the potential for generating lasting immunity to novel pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"2 1","pages":"iqab018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8499879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10782327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

T-follicular helper cells in malaria infection and roles in antibody induction. t滤泡辅助细胞在疟疾感染和抗体诱导中的作用。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab008

Megan S F Soon, Mayimuna Nalubega, Michelle J Boyle

{"title":"T-follicular helper cells in malaria infection and roles in antibody induction.","authors":"Megan S F Soon, Mayimuna Nalubega, Michelle J Boyle","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqab008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqab008","url":null,"abstract":"Immunity to malaria is mediated by antibodies that block parasite replication to limit parasite burden and prevent disease. Cytophilic antibodies have been consistently shown to be associated with protection, and recent work has improved our understanding of the direct and Fc-mediated mechanisms of protective antibodies. Antibodies also have important roles in vaccine-mediated immunity. Antibody induction is driven by the specialized CD4+ T cells, T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which function within the germinal centre to drive B-cell activation and antibody induction. In humans, circulating Tfh cells can be identified in peripheral blood and are differentiated into subsets that appear to have pathogen/vaccination-specific roles in antibody induction. Tfh cell responses are essential for protective immunity from Plasmodium infection in murine models of malaria. Our understanding of the activation of Tfh cells during human malaria infection and the importance of different Tfh cell subsets in antibody development is still emerging. This review will discuss our current knowledge of Tfh cell activation and development in malaria, and the potential avenues and pitfalls of targeting Tfh cells to improve malaria vaccines.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"2 1","pages":"iqab008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/oxfimm/iqab008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10782325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

TB or not to be: what specificities and impact do antibodies have during tuberculosis? 结核病或不结核病:结核病期间抗体有什么特异性和影响?

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab015

Clemens Hermann, Carolyn G King

{"title":"TB or not to be: what specificities and impact do antibodies have during tuberculosis?","authors":"Clemens Hermann, Carolyn G King","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqab015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqab015","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. The primary barrier to the development of an effective tuberculosis vaccine is our failure to fully understand the fundamental characteristics of a protective immune response. There is an increasing evidence that mobilization of antibody and B cell responses during natural Mtb infection and vaccination play a role in host protection. Several studies have assessed the levels of Mtb-specific antibodies induced during active disease as well as the potential of monoclonal antibodies to modulate bacterial growth in vitro and in vivo. A major limitation of these studies, however, is that the specific antigens capable of eliciting humoral responses are largely unknown. As a result, information about antibody dynamics and function, which might fundamentally transform our understanding of host Mtb immunity, is missing. Importantly, Mtb infection also induces the recruitment, accumulation and colocalization of B and T cells in the lung, which are positively correlated with protection in humans and animal models of disease. These ectopic lymphoid tissues generally support local germinal center reactions for the proliferation and ongoing selection of effector and memory B cells in the mucosa. Efforts to leverage such responses for human health, however, require a more complete understanding of how antibodies and B cells contribute to the local and systemic host Mtb immunity.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"2 1","pages":"iqab015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10790207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3