American journal of clinical and experimental urology最新文献

{"title":"Association between the Zhejiang University index and kidney stone risks in US adults: evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.","authors":"Jinlong Cao, Wenjia Liu, Lingyu Guo, Tianyuan Zhai, Yue Chong, Qi Chen, Delai Fu, Qian Wang, Yan Huang, Li Xue, Feng Li","doi":"10.62347/PGCO5047","DOIUrl":"10.62347/PGCO5047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney stones carry a substantial population health burden and are demonstrated to be increasingly associated with metabolic dysregulation. We examined whether the Zhejiang University (ZJU) index, a composite metabolic parameter derived from routine clinical data, is associated with kidney stone history in US adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 to assess the association between the ZJU index and self-report kidney stone history among adults aged 20 years or older. We applied survey-weighted logistic regression models to examine the relationship between the ZJU index and kidney stone history. Non-linearity was assessed using flexible spline and segmented regression. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 25,605 participants analyzed, 2,484 (9.7%) reported a history of kidney stones. Prevalence increased across ZJU index quartiles, from 4.09% in quartile 1 to 16.90% in quartile 4. In fully adjusted models, higher ZJU index was associated with higher odds of kidney stones (odds ratio 1.210, 95% CI: 1.186-1.234), with evidence of non-linearity and a turning point at 38.1. The ZJU index showed favorable discrimination (area under the curve 0.819) and an empirically derived threshold of 36.78 (sensitivity 76.2%, specificity 71.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher ZJU index was positively associated with kidney stone history in a nationally representative US sample, supporting its potential application in population-level risk stratification and prevention-oriented public health planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":7438,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental urology","volume":"14 4","pages":"86-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testicular endocrine function recovers following Fournier's gangrene.","authors":"Yurong Shao, Marie-Therese Valovska, Claire C Yang, George E Koch, Judith C Hagedorn","doi":"10.62347/YOLG9225","DOIUrl":"10.62347/YOLG9225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Between 5.6-21% of Fournier's Gangrene (FG) patients undergo orchiectomy, despite testicular viability. Arguments for this practice center around the presumed lack of functional recovery following critical illness as well as improved ease of wound closure. We aimed to study the effects of FG on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and characterize hormonal recovery patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively studied male FG patients at a quaternary center from July 2023-September 2024. Total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and estradiol (E2) at admission, discharge, and follow-up (1-9 months) were examined. Two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare paired hormone levels across time points. A validation analysis using two-sided Mann-Whitney U tests was performed to compare hormone distributions between patients with complete vs. incomplete data at all three time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 31 FG patients, 20 had hormone measurements at multiple time points; 12 had complete data at all time points. All patients presented with castrate to near-castrate levels of TT. TT and FT increased significantly throughout recovery (both P ≤ 0.011). E2 decreased significantly from admission to discharge and from admission to follow-up (P = 0.014 and P = 0.008, respectively). All reconstruction types showed similar recovery patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FG transiently suppresses testicular hormone production to castrate levels via the HPG axis. However, the HPG axis has the capacity to recover to physiologic ranges, with testicular steroidogenesis following suit. Without clear evidence of testicular necrosis, efforts should prioritize testicular preservation during debridement and reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7438,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental urology","volume":"14 4","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-mount histopathology as spatial ground truth for artificial intelligence in prostate cancer: a structured narrative review of techniques, models, and translational gaps.","authors":"Yodit Aschenaki, Hamdi Khasawneh, Trey Gustafson, Raymond Hu, Hanna Ketema, Mason Fraiman, Rasoul Sali, Christopher Dixon, David Y Zhang","doi":"10.62347/TFAQ4783","DOIUrl":"10.62347/TFAQ4783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer is spatially heterogeneous, multifocal, and architecturally varied. Conventional biopsy and step-sectioned histopathology fragment the gland. This limits accurate assessment of dominant-lesion identity, tumor volume, multifocality, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and surgical margin status. Whole-mount histopathology (WMH) preserves the prostate as a continuous cross-sectional unit and is increasingly used as the reference standard for radiology-pathology correlation and for validating artificial-intelligence (AI) models.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This structured narrative review synthesizes evidence on the joint use of WMH and AI in prostate cancer pathology. For each clinical question, we examine what spatial information WMH preserves, what AI methods extract from that information, where the joint approach has been validated, and where validation gaps remain. The questions are index-lesion identification, tumor-volume estimation, multifocality, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, surgical margin assessment, Gleason grading, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-pathology registration, and surgical quality assurance.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>WMH improves index-lesion identification, volumetric reproducibility, and margin clarity, and provides a high-fidelity reference standard for training prostate-AI models. Registered to the patient's presurgical MRI, these whole-mount labels have also been used to train preoperative tools and have been studied in research cohorts for focal-therapy margin definition and extraprostatic-extension prediction, extending the value of WMH beyond retrospective staging. AI systems built on WMH show improved performance for tumor detection and Gleason classification. Most reported results, however, lack external validation, reporting against established medical-AI standards, and demonstrated robustness across scanners, stains, and patient populations. WMH is itself an imperfect ground truth, subject to orientation, registration, and interobserver variability that AI models inherit.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>WMH-grounded AI is a credible translational route, but routine adoption requires standardized large-format scanning, shared annotation protocols, external validation, and regulatory clearance for autonomous use. We identify field priorities, including cross-institutional WMH datasets, domain-shift mitigation, bias auditing, and reimbursement parity with AI-augmented radiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7438,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental urology","volume":"14 4","pages":"112-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AZGP1 deficiency promotes chronic kidney fibrosis in aging mice.","authors":"Ru M Wen, Eric E Peterson, James D Brooks","doi":"10.62347/OXNV6046","DOIUrl":"10.62347/OXNV6046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10-14% of the global population and is a leading cause of death. A hallmark of CKD is renal fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Although our understanding of fibrogenic mechanisms has advanced, effective antifibrotic therapies are lacking. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein 1 (AZGP1) regulates extracellular matrix remodeling in multiple organs, and we previously demonstrated that loss of AZGP1 induces fibrosis in the prostate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AZGP1 expression was analyzed in single-cell RNA sequencing data from the mouse kidney. Kidney tissues from wild-type and AZGP1^-/- mice were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), immunohistochemistry, and picrosirius red staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AZGP1 is mainly expressed in the proximal tubule epithelial cell population. AZGP1-deficient (AZGP1^-/-) mice exhibited progressive renal fibrosis with age. While no interstitial fibrosis was observed at two months of age, prominent collagen deposition was detected by six months in the cortex and medulla of AZGP1^-/- mice, persisting through ten months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings identify AZGP1 expressed in proximal tubular cells as protective against kidney fibrosis associated with aging and is a candidate therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":7438,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental urology","volume":"14 4","pages":"106-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fulminant Fournier's gangrene following perineal trauma in a patient with suspected chronic inflammatory bowel disease: a case report.","authors":"Adam Berezowski, Krzysztof K Gofron, Mateusz Marcinek, Magdalena Borówka, Przemysław Lasota","doi":"10.62347/WUWI8414","DOIUrl":"10.62347/WUWI8414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fournier's Gangrene (FG) is a rare, fulminant, and necrotizing inflammation of the perineal fascia. We present a case of 35-year-old Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) man with severe gangrene (Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI) ≥ 17) due to atypical etiology: mechanical damage to the perineum resulting from sexual intercourse and ingestion of a vasoconstrictor substance, with the background of an active, chronic inflammatory process of the intestines. In the described patient, due to severe sepsis and diverse microbiology, four radical urological interventions were initially performed, following one more reconstructive surgery. The defects were reconstructed using split-thickness skin grafts and flaps - sixth surgery. The discussion focuses on the management of the defects without orchidopexy, conventional wound management (without vacuum assisted closure (VAC) or Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)), and multi-stage complications (urethral fistula and limited erections), which are noticeable on the quality of patient's life (QoL).</p>","PeriodicalId":7438,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental urology","volume":"14 3","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular plasticity and tumor ecosystem dynamics in prostate cancer: insights from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.","authors":"Ryuta Watanabe, Tony Chu, Noriyoshi Miura, Tadahiko Kikugawa, Peter S Nelson, Takashi Saika","doi":"10.62347/NDWA8780","DOIUrl":"10.62347/NDWA8780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease shaped by evolving cellular states within a spatially organized tumor ecosystem. Advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing, single-nucleus sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics have facilitated high-resolution dissection of epithelial lineage hierarchies, tumor-associated luminal states, and microenvironmental remodeling. These approaches have revealed that progression from androgen receptor-dependent adenocarcinoma to castration-resistant prostate cancer and the development of neuroendocrine phenotypes reflect lineage plasticity and epigenetic reprogramming rather than simple linear genetic progression. Single-cell studies have indicated that immunosuppressive niches, cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity, endothelial activation, and metabolic adaptation collectively contribute to therapeutic resistance. The integration of multi-omics data with spatial context has begun to redefine prostate cancer taxonomy based on cellular state composition and ecosystem architecture. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries from single-cell and spatial analyses, discuss their implications for biomarker development and treatment stratification, and outline ongoing technical challenges, including standardization, reproducibility, and clinical scalability. Overall, this review provides valuable insights for the development of a state-informed framework to understand prostate cancer progression and guide precision oncology strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7438,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental urology","volume":"14 3","pages":"64-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of renal pelvis compliance and outflow resistance during ureteroscopy of the ex-vivo human kidney.","authors":"Rainer Leuschke, Alex Gong, Austin J Baird, Aditi Ray, Robert M Sweet","doi":"10.62347/YZCG3056","DOIUrl":"10.62347/YZCG3056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Elevated intrarenal pressure during ureteroscopy has been linked to complications during recovery from stone removal surgery. Intrarenal pressure depends on irrigation flow rate, inflow and outflow resistance, and kidney compliance. These have been examined for porcine models in the literature. In this study, we report on the experimental method and results of characterizing compliance and outflow resistance in human cadaveric kidneys.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To characterize compliance a catheter is inserted retrograde into the renal collecting system and sealed at the UPJ. Pressurized irrigation fluid is then allowed to flow into the renal pelvis. Pressure and flow are recorded over time, representing a measure of compliance. To characterize outflow resistance a UAS is inserted into the ureter and a ureteroscope placed. Inflow is increased over time and pressure and outflow recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting compliance curves show a high variability between specimens. Anatomical differences and initial volume are significant contributing factors. We show that non-dimensionalizing the data with respect to a measure of volume allows us to fit a single non-linear compliance model to the data. Our outflow testing shows that with consistent placement of devices, outflow resistance is primarily a function of device parameters and largely independent of the specimen anatomy. We determined an outflow resistance of 8.1 mmHg/(ml/min) (σ = 1.6) for UAS size 10/12 F, 0.73 mmHg/(ml/min) (σ = 0.05) for size 11/13 F and 0.18 mmHg/(ml/min) (σ = 0.04) for size 12/14 F.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The compliance results for human kidneys add a critical data set that enables more accurate modelling of the mechanics of processes involved in stone removal. The outflow data similarly provides critical parameters for modelling the mechanics of ureteroscopic procedures and confirms that this characteristic is primarily driven by surgical device parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":7438,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental urology","volume":"14 2","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13195265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerative strategies for post-prostatectomy incontinence: stem cells, exosomes, and the path to clinical resolution.","authors":"William Wang, Tarek Zaho, Allen Cao, Gopal H Badlani, Soroush Rais-Bahrami, Anthony Atala, Yuanyuan Zhang","doi":"10.62347/MBLA4964","DOIUrl":"10.62347/MBLA4964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a highly effective treatment for localized prostate cancer; unfortunately, post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence (UI) remains a prevalent and distressing complication, significantly diminishing patients' quality of life. Current therapeutic options often provide incomplete continence restoration and may lead to substantial morbidity. This review examines the rapidly advancing field of regenerative medicine, specifically focusing on stem cell and exosome-based therapies as innovative approaches to address post-RP UI. We go deeper into the unique pathophysiology of male post-prostatectomy UI, distinguishing it from other forms of UI, and present the compelling biological rationale for these regenerative interventions. Highlighting advancements from 2014 to 2025, we explore recent preclinical and clinical progress in this domain. Furthermore, we critically assess the persistent challenges crucial for widespread clinical application, including optimizing cell dose and source, ensuring long-term efficacy and safety, and interpreting complex regulatory environments. By bridging the understanding of sex-related differences between females and males in UI and tackling the specific challenges of male post-RP incontinence, this review emphasizes that while promising, the journey from laboratory bench to bedside for these innovative therapies demands rigorous scientific inquiry and collaborative efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7438,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental urology","volume":"14 1","pages":"17-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13003248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A non-invasive predictive model for identifying non-diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: development and multicenter validation.","authors":"Yuyan Yang, Yijiang Song, Pinning Feng, Xianlian Deng, Ya Li, Peijia Liu, Bin Peng, Yuanrui Liu, Youlin Liu, Jin Li, Peng Zhang, Feng Hu","doi":"10.62347/UYEP2269","DOIUrl":"10.62347/UYEP2269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to develop a non-invasive, simple, and rapid predictive model for identifying non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 117 T2DM patients who underwent renal biopsy at a single medical institution between 2017 and 2022; candidate variables were first prioritized based on clinical relevance, followed by the construction of a predictive framework using logistic regression. Dubbed the RICH model, the final framework integrated four key parameters: red blood cell (RBC) count, immunoglobulin A (IgA) level, cystatin C-derived estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR_2), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>External validation was conducted across three independent centers involving 299 T2DM patients (2018-2024), achieving area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) values of 0.755, 0.764, and 0.755, which complemented the internal validation AUC-ROC of 0.847; at an optimal threshold probability of 0.559, approximately 20% of patients obtained clinical net benefit from the model, and notably, applying the RICH model for early NDKD screening has the potential to reduce the renal biopsy rate by 42.05%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RICH model exhibits robust performance in predicting NDKD among T2DM patients with renal impairment, providing a practical tool for clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":7438,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental urology","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13003247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral serotonin contributes to testosterone and estradiol induced urinary voiding dysfunction in adult male mice.","authors":"Jojo Maier, Elliot Heye, Monica Ridlon, Marcela Ambrogi, Douglas W Strand, Kimberly P Keil-Stietz, Chad M Vezina","doi":"10.62347/QDWM4583","DOIUrl":"10.62347/QDWM4583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Millions of aging men are diagnosed with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) each year. Alpha adrenergic receptor blockers relax prostatic, urethral, and bladder smooth muscle to relieve LUTD symptoms and are often, but not always, effective. Serotonin is proposed to cause contractions in the female urethra, as well as in the lungs and bowel. This study tests that serotonin synthesized in the periphery, outside of the central nervous system, contributes to the development of LUTD induced in mice by subcutaneous implants of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2), mimicking the hormone milieu of aging men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunofluorescent staining of male human and mouse urethra was used to confirm the presence of neuroendocrine cells and interstitial cells of Cajal, which contribute to serotonin-induced contractions in the female mouse urethra. Wild type and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 null (<i>Tph1^-/-</i> ) mice, which are deficient in the rate-limiting enzyme in peripheral serotonin synthesis, were given sham surgery or T+E2 implants. Voiding behavior was measured with the void spot assay one day before surgery and two weeks post-surgery. Four weeks after surgery, bladders were exteriorized and measured to calculate volume, and anesthetized cystometry was performed to assess bladder activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serotonin-positive neuroendocrine cells and serotonin receptor positive interstitial cells of Cajal were detected in the prostatic urethra of humans and mice. Two weeks after T+E2 implantation surgery, a baseline level of urinary retention occurred in both wild type and <i>Tph1^-/-</i> mice. However, wild type mice treated with T+E2 had increased frequent small voids (P<0.01) and decreased bladder activity (P<0.005) when compared to wild type mice with sham treatment and <i>Tph1^-/-</i> mice with T+E2 treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Wild type mice developed a more severe voiding dysfunction phenotype than <i>Tph1^-/-</i> mice when treated with T+E2, indicating that peripheral serotonin plays a role in T+E2-mediated LUTD. Because the urinary dysfunction observed in mice mimics that of human men, future studies to understand and exploit the role of serotonin may provide a treatment option for a subset of LUTD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7438,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental urology","volume":"14 1","pages":"34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13003246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}