Ophthalmology and eye diseases最新文献

{"title":"A Historical Analysis of the Quest for the Origins of Aging Macula Disorder, the Tissues Involved, and Its Terminology.","authors":"P. Jong","doi":"10.4137/OED.S40523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/OED.S40523","url":null,"abstract":"Although ocular tissues involved in aging macula disorder (AMD) were already known in 300 BC, the last type of photoreceptors was discovered only 10 years ago. The earliest descriptions of AMD appeared around 1850. It took over 150 years, till a clearer concept of AMD was formulated and even longer to grasp its pathophysiology. The uncertainty of researchers about the pathogenesis of AMD over the last century is reflected in its changing terminology. The evolution of this terminology is provided in a table to afford the reader a better insight into explanations proposed by researchers during this quest.","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"20 1","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/OED.S40523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70712754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"David Kasner, MD, and the Road to Pars Plana Vitrectomy.","authors":"Christopher F Blodi","doi":"10.4137/OED.S40424","DOIUrl":"10.4137/OED.S40424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>David Kasner, MD (1927-2001), used his extensive dissections of eye bank eyes and experiences in teaching cataract surgery to resident physicians to realize that excision of vitreous when present in the anterior chamber of eyes undergoing cataract surgery was preferable to prior intraoperative procedures. Noting that eyes tolerated his maneuvers, he then performed planned subtotal open-sky vitrectomies; first on a traumatized eye in 1961, then on two eyes of patients with amyloidosis (1966-1967). The success of these operations was noted by others, most particularly Robert Machemer, MD. Kasner's work directly led to further surgical developments, including closed pars plana vitrectomy. </p>","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5024792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70712668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Anti-VEGF Injections with Progression of Geographic Atrophy.","authors":"Ryan Enslow,&nbsp;Sai Bhuvanagiri,&nbsp;Sravanthi Vegunta,&nbsp;Benjamin Cutler,&nbsp;Michael Neff,&nbsp;Brian Stagg","doi":"10.4137/OED.S38863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/OED.S38863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in developed countries in people over the age of 60 years. One of the forms of advanced AMD is wet AMD. Wet AMD is a result of leakage and bleeding from abnormal neovascularization. The principal treatment for wet AMD is intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. A second form of advanced AMD is geographic atrophy (GA). GA refers to large areas of retinal pigment epithelium loss. In the literature, there is some concern that anti-VEGF injections administered to treat wet AMD may be associated with progression of GA. This review discusses evidence suggesting the association of anti-VEGF injections with progression of GA. </p>","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"31-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/OED.S38863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34310750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting MAPK Signaling in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","authors":"Svetlana V Kyosseva","doi":"10.4137/OED.S32200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/OED.S32200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness affecting elderly people in the world. AMD is a complex multifactorial disease associated with demographic, genetics, and environmental risk factors. It is well established that oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AMD. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are activated by diverse extracellular stimuli, including growth factors, mitogens, hormones, cytokines, and different cellular stressors such as oxidative stress. They regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. This review addresses the novel findings from human and animal studies on the relationship of MAPK signaling with AMD. The use of specific MAPK inhibitors may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this debilitating eye disease. </p>","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/OED.S32200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34534153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal Cross-Linking (with a Partial Deepithelization) in Keratoconus with Five Years of Follow-Up.","authors":"Virgilio Galvis,&nbsp;Alejandro Tello,&nbsp;Néstor I Carreño,&nbsp;Alvaro I Ortiz,&nbsp;Rodrigo Barrera,&nbsp;Carlos Julián Rodriguez,&nbsp;Miguel E Ochoa","doi":"10.4137/OED.S38364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/OED.S38364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We performed a retrospective interventional case series including 80 eyes of 48 patients with keratoconus (KC) who were treated with modified corneal cross-linking (CXL) for KC (with a partial deepithelization in a pattern of stripes). The average follow-up was 5.8 years (with a minimum of 5 years). At the last follow-up visit, compared with preoperative values, there were no significant changes in spherical equivalent, average keratometry, corneal thickness, corneal hysteresis, or corneal resistance factor. The distance-corrected visual acuity was 20/39 preoperatively and 20/36 postoperatively (P = 0.3). The endothelial cell count decreased by 4.7% (P < 0.005). These findings suggest that this modified corneal CXL technique is a safe and effective alternative to halt the progression of KC up to five years after the procedure. However, some concerns remain as to whether this technique can affect in some degree the corneal endothelial cells. </p>","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/OED.S38364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34499512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravitreal Injection of Ozurdex(®) Implant in Patients with Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema, with Six-Month Follow-Up.","authors":"Fernanda Pacella,&nbsp;Adriana Francesca Ferraresi,&nbsp;Paolo Turchetti,&nbsp;Tommaso Lenzi,&nbsp;Rosalia Giustolisi,&nbsp;Andrea Bottone,&nbsp;Valeria Fameli,&nbsp;Maria Rosaria Romano,&nbsp;Elena Pacella","doi":"10.4137/OED.S38028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/OED.S38028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone injections in diabetic macular edema (DME).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 700 μg slow-release intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®) was placed in the vitreal cavity of 17 patients (19 eyes) affected with persistent DME. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed through Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Central macular thickness (CMT) was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. BCVA and CMT examinations were carried out at baseline (T0) and repeated after three days, one month (T1), three months (T3), four months (T4), and six months (T6) post injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dexamethasone implant induced an improvement in ETDRS at T1, T3, T4, and T6 post injection. CMT was reduced at T1, T3, and T4, while at T6, CMT values were not statistically different from baseline. No complications were observed during the follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest that dexamethasone implant is effective in reducing DME symptoms within a six-month frame.</p>","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"11-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/OED.S38028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34456719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Association between CagA- and VacA-Positive Strains of Helicobacter pylori and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Case–Control Study","authors":"C. Noche, O. Njajou, F. Etoa","doi":"10.4137/OED.S35895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/OED.S35895","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Glaucoma is a public health issue worldwide, particularly in Africa. In Cameroon, the prevalence rate of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) ranges between 4.5% and 8.2%. Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been implicated in digestive and extra-digestive diseases, including glaucoma. The objective of this work was to evaluate the implication of CagA- and VacA-positive strains of HP in POAG using a case-control design. Methods An analytical study was conducted from October 2013 to December 2013. Participants were recruited in eye care centers in Yaoundé. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were carried out in the La Grace Laboratory in Yaoundé. Results The total sample consisted of 50 POAG patients and 31 controls with a mean age of 58.5 ± 12.2 years and 45.5 ± 14.6 years, respectively. The prevalence rates of HP in the POAG and control groups were 74% (37/50) and 87% (27/31), respectively (P = 0.125). The prevalence rates of CagA-positive HP seropositivity in the POAG and control groups were 26% and 22.58%, respectively (P = 0.47), and the prevalence rates of VacA-positive HP participants were 6% and 0%, respectively (P = 0.22). Conclusion The HP prevalence rates among POAG patients and controls were 74% and 87%, respectively. There was no significant difference between prevalence rates of HP in the POAG and control groups. There was no association between POAG and CagA- or VacA-positive HP infection.","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/OED.S35895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70712413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Monocular Duke of Urbino","authors":"S. G. Schwartz, C. Leffler, P. Chavis, Faraaz A Khan, Dennis Bermudez, H. Flynn","doi":"10.4137/OED.S40918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/OED.S40918","url":null,"abstract":"Federico da Montefeltro (1422–1482), the Duke of Urbino, was a well-known historical figure during the Italian Renaissance. He is the subject of a famous painting by Piero della Francesca (1416–1492), which displays the Duke from the left and highlights his oddly shaped nose. The Duke is known to have lost his right eye due to an injury sustained during a jousting tournament, which is why the painting portrays him from the left. Some historians teach that the Duke subsequently underwent nasal surgery to remove tissue from the bridge of his nose in order to expand his visual field in an attempt to compensate for the lost eye. In theory, removal of a piece of the nose may have expanded the nasal visual field, especially the “eye motion visual field” that encompasses eye movements. In addition, removing part of the nose may have reduced some of the effects of ocular parallax. Finally, shifting of the visual egocenter may have occurred, although this seems likely unrelated to the proposed nasal surgery. Whether or not the Duke actually underwent the surgery cannot be proven, but it seems unlikely that this would have substantially improved his visual function.","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":"15 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/OED.S40918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70713002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraisal of Bleb Using Trio of Intraocular Pressure, Morphology on Slit Lamp, and Gonioscopy","authors":"S. Thatte, Rimpi Rana, Neeraj Gaur","doi":"10.4137/OED.S40388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/OED.S40388","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The aim of this study was to assess bleb function using Wuerzburg bleb classification score (WBCS) for bleb morphology on slit lamp, intraocular pressure (IOP), and gonioscopy. Methods A total of randomly selected 30 eyes posttrabeculectomy were assessed for bleb function with the trio of bleb morphology, IOP, and gonioscopy. Bleb was assessed using the WBCS of 0–12 on slit lamp, IOP was assessed using applanation tonometry, and visualization of inner ostium and iridectomy were assessed using gonioscopy. Postoperative patients of less than six weeks were excluded from the study. Results The correlation between WBCS and the duration of trabeculectomy was found to be highly significant (P value = 0.029). The correlation of IOP with WBCS was also found to be strongly positive (P = 0.000). IOP was found to be highly associated with peripheral iridectomy (P = 0.000), internal window (P = 0.001), and bleb characteristics.","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":"41 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/OED.S40388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70712867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Ophthalmological Complications of Thyroid Disease are Rare in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria: Results of a Pilot Study","authors":"O. Ogun, J. Adeleye","doi":"10.4137/OED.S32169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/OED.S32169","url":null,"abstract":"Background Ocular manifestations of thyroid dysfunction constitute a wide clinical spectrum ranging from minor ocular discomfort, lid retraction, lid lag and ocular injection, to sight threatening eyeball protusion and optic nerve compression. Thyroid-related eye disorders are most commonly associated with Graves' disease, and this most frequently occurs in the setting of hyperthyroidism. However, in 10% of cases, typical eye signs have also been reported in euthyroid and hypothyroid states. The severity of thyroid eye disease has been linked to cigarette smoking. There is very little data specifically reporting the ocular manifestations of thyroid disease among black African patients and there is no known report from Nigeria. This pilot study therefore focused on documenting the ocular signs accompanying thyroid dysfunction in a black African population. Aim To evaluate the pattern of ocular complications, among patients treated for thyroid disorders, in a major Nigerian teaching hospital. Results A total of 75 patients with thyroid dysfunction, were evaluated, comprising 63 females and 12 males. There was a very low prevalence of smoking among patients (<5%). Graves' disease was the commonest thyroid disorder, representing 70% of cases. Seventy-eight percent of patients were hyperthyroid, 11.8% were euthyroid and only 9.8% of patients were hypothyroid. Commonest systemic symptoms were neck swelling (68.6%), weight loss (63.8%), tremors (60.9%) and palpitations (59.4%). Two-thirds of patients reported ocular symptoms consisting mainly of painless eye swelling (66.7%) and ocular irritation (58%). Conjunctival injection, lid lag and lid retraction were the commonest ocular signs. Chemosis, severe proptosis and ocular motility disorder were very rare. Optic neuropathy was found in 4 patients but was related to pre-existing glaucoma. Majority of patients required only ocular emollients and tear supplements. Conclusion Severe ocular complications of thyroid disorders were uncommon in this cross-section of Nigerian patients. This may be linked to the very low prevalence of cigarette smoking among Nigerians or genetic and environmental factors linked to their African heritage.","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":"5 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/OED.S32169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70712193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}