Ophthalmology and eye diseases最新文献

{"title":"The effects of fetal surgery on retinopathy of prematurity development.","authors":"Sudha Nallasamy,&nbsp;Stefanie L Davidson,&nbsp;Lori J Howell,&nbsp;Holly Hedrick,&nbsp;Alan W Flake,&nbsp;Timothy M Crombleholme,&nbsp;N Scott Adzick,&nbsp;Terri L Young","doi":"10.4137/oed.s2746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/oed.s2746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fetal surgery is selectively offered for severe or life-threatening fetal malformations. These infants are often born prematurely and are thus at risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It is not known whether fetal surgery confers an increased risk of developing severe ROP relative to published rates in standard premature populations ≤37 weeks of age grouped by birth weight (<1500 grams or ≥1500 grams).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a retrospective chart review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed the charts of 137 patients who underwent open fetal/fetoscopic surgery from 1996-2004. Surgical indications included twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), myelomeningocele (MMC), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT), cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAM), and twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (TRAP). Of these, 17 patients had local ROP examination data. Binomial tests were performed to assess whether rates of ROP in our fetal/fetoscopic surgery cohort were significantly different from published rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 5 patients each with an underlying diagnosis of TTTS and MMC, 2 patients each with CDH and TRAP, and 1 patient each with SCT, CCAM, and mediastinal teratoma. The mean gestational age at surgery was 23(4)/7 ± 2(3)/7 weeks, mean gestational age at birth was 30 ± 2(5)/7 weeks, and mean birth weight was 1449 ± 510 grams (610-2485). Compared to published rates of ROP and threshold ROP, our fetal surgery patients had significantly higher rates of ROP and threshold ROP in both the <1500 grams and the ≥1500 grams group (all p-values < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fetal/fetoscopic surgery appears to significantly increase the rate of ROP and threshold ROP development. Greater numbers are needed to confirm these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"1 ","pages":"13-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/oed.s2746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31585867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Neutral Amino Acid Ester Prodrugs of Acyclovir Targeting Amino Acid Transporters on the Cornea: Possible Antiviral Agents Against Ocular HSV-1 Infections.","authors":"K. Suresh, Xiadong Zhu, Talluri S. Ravi, A. Mitra","doi":"10.4137/OED.S0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/OED.S0","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to characterize the affinity and permeability patterns of the amino acid ester prodrugs of acyclovir (ACV), L-alanine-ACV (AACV), L-serine-ACV (SACV), L-serine-succinate-ACV (SSACV) and L-cysteine-ACV (CACV) on rabbit primary corneal epithelial cell culture (rPCEC) and on rabbit cornea. Amino acid prodrugs of acyclovir, AACV, SACV, SSACV and CACV were synthesized in our laboratory. Chemical hydrolysis in aqueous buffer, enzymatic hydrolysis in corneal homogenates and transport across freshly excised rabbit cornea of these prodrugs were studied. SSACV inhibited the uptake of [3H] L-alanine on rPCEC and across the intact rabbit cornea. Lineweaver-Burk plot transformation revealed competitive inhibition between L-alanine and SSACV. In corneal tissue homogenate, the half lives of SSACV, SACV and CACV (t1/2) were observed to be 3.5 ± 0.4, 9.2 ± 0.6 and 1.8 ± 0.1 hr respectively, whereas AACV was readily converted to the active parent drug acyclovir exhibiting complete degradation before 5 min. Interestingly translocation of SACV across cornea was inhibited in the presence of 5 mM arginine (∼51%), a specific substrate for cationic transport system and in presence of BCH (∼38%), a substrate specific for large neutral amino acid transport system (LAT) or cationic and neutral amino acid transport system (B0,+). SACV exhibited higher permeability across cornea along with excellent antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in comparison to ACV. Recognition by multiple transporters, stability in corneal homogenate and changes in physico-chemical properties contributed to the increased permeability of SACV across cornea.","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"2 1","pages":"43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70712398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introductory editorial.","authors":"D Joshua Cameron","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"1 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3661312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31586447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Accelerates Retinal Neuronal Cell Death In A Mouse Model of Endogenous Hyperhomocysteinemia.","authors":"Preethi S Ganapathy,&nbsp;Penny Roon,&nbsp;Tracy K V E Moister,&nbsp;Barbara Mysona,&nbsp;Sylvia B Smith","doi":"10.4137/oed.s2855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/oed.s2855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperhomocysteinemia has been implicated in visual dysfunction. We reported recently that mice with endogenous hyperhomocysteinemia, due to mutation of the cystathionine-β-synthase (cbs) gene, demonstrate loss of neurons in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer and other retinal layers as homocysteine levels increase. Some clinical studies implicate hyperhomocysteinemia in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, which is also characterized by RGC loss. The present study used cbs(+/-) mice to determine whether modest elevation of plasma homocysteine, in the presence of diabetes, accelerates neuronal cell loss. Diabetes (DB) was induced in 3 wk old cbs(+/-) and wildtype mice using streptozotocin; four groups of mice were studied: DB cbs(+/-); non-DB cbs(+/-); DB cbs(+/+); non-DB cbs(+/+). One group of diabetic cbs(+/-) mice was maintained on a high methionine diet (HMD, 0.5% methionine drinking water) to increase plasma homocysteine slightly. Eyes were harvested at 5, 10 and 15 weeks post-onset of diabetes; retinal cryosections were examined by light microscopy and subjected to systematic morphometric analysis. Diabetic cbs(+/-) had significantly fewer RGCs at 5 weeks compared to age-matched, non-diabetic cbs(+/-) and wildtype controls (10.0 ± 0.5 versus 14.9 ± 0.5 and 15.8 ± 0.6 cells/100 µm retina length, respectively). Significant differences in retinas of DB/high homocysteine versus controls were obtained 15 wks post-onset of diabetes including fewer RGCS and decreased thickness of inner nuclear and plexiform layers. Moderate increases in plasma homocysteine coupled with diabetes cause a more dramatic alteration of retinal phenotype than elevated homocysteine or diabetes alone and suggest that diabetes accelerates the retinal neuronal death in hyperhomocysteinemic mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"1 ","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/oed.s2855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28935424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introductory Editorial","authors":"D. J. Cameron","doi":"10.1177/117917210900100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/117917210900100001","url":null,"abstract":"I am pleased to announce the launch of Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases—a new peer reviewed open access journal published by Libertas Academica. Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases is an open access, peer reviewed journal covering all aspects of ophthalmology and vision science, especially the prevention, diagnosis and management of disorders of the eye. Related pathophysiology, genetics and epidemiology are also included. Articles describing clinical and/or basic research fi ndings are equally encouraged contributing to a broad readership and facilitating new ideas and approaches to vision related studies both in the clinic and the lab. The journal will be competing head-on with a number of existing subscription-based journals. However, there is clearly a niche for Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases in that all articles will be accessible without any access boundaries to Internet users throughout the world. Another major benefi t is that any vision scientist can contribute, not only those in major institutions. These freedoms are coupled with rigorous, fair and prompt standards of peer review. Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases is published exclusively online. Articles will follow a consistent format so that the visual impact will be high and equal to that of the best hardcopy publications. In contrast to paper-based journals, however, the electronic format allows the full use of digital technologies and permits the inclusion of large data sets, links to other web pages, animations, slide shows, video clips and unlimited colour, all at no additional charge. Open access means that all articles are freely available to everyone, worldwide, and at no cost to the reader. Authors retain copyright of their work and can grant anyone the right to reproduce and disseminate it, provided that the article is correctly cited and no errors are introduced, under the Creative Commons \" CC-BY \" licence. In hardcopy journals, the costs of publication are met by subscriptions, paid by the reader. In Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases, as in other open access journals, these costs are borne by the author in the form of a publication processing fee. Many grant-awarding bodies recognise the value of open access publishing by allowing their funds to be used for publication processing fees. Fee waivers and discounts are available on a case-by-case basis, and we will make every effort to ensure that lack of funds does not impede the overall objective of publishing the best science, irrespective of authorship or country of origin. I do not foresee that …","PeriodicalId":74362,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology and eye diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/117917210900100001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65350294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}