OBM neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"Satisfaction with Social Life and Academic Adaptation in Students with Different Types of Loneliness in the Process of Distance Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"R. Shamionov, M. Grigoryeva, E. Grinina, A. Sozonnik","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202124","url":null,"abstract":"In an age when publicity is the norm, human loneliness is a significant socio-psychological problem. Objective loneliness (e.g., as experienced during the pandemic) does not always result in subjective loneliness. Subjective loneliness directly influences various aspects of the human psyche and activities. Analysis of satisfaction with social life, as a marker of social well-being and academic adaptation of students with different loneliness types, allows determining the magnitude of subjective loneliness and how it influences the well-being and adaptation of students. In this study, we analyzed satisfaction in social life, difficulties associated with distance learning, and academic adaptation in students with different types of loneliness. The sample consisted of 500 students who studied online during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mean age of the students was 19.28 years (SD = 2.16; 16.5% males and 83.5% females). The following methods were used in this study: A differential questionnaire on experiencing loneliness developed by Osin and Leontev; a modified technique for determining the level of social frustration by Wasserman, Iovlev, and Berebin; the academic adaptation scale by Shamionov, Grigoryeva, Grinina, and Sozonnik; scales for subjective evaluation of changes in life during distance learning developed by the authors of the study. Four types of loneliness were identified based on cluster analysis: positive loneliness, non-accepted loneliness, pseudo-positive loneliness, and neurotic loneliness. Students with pseudo-positive and neurotic loneliness had low levels of satisfaction with their social life, while students with positive loneliness, and those that rejected it, were satisfied with life. Distance learning was most positively viewed by students with a positive perception of loneliness, while students with neurotic loneliness experienced difficulties the most because of distance learning. Under such conditions, the most successful academic adaptation was observed in students with non-acceptance of loneliness, followed by students with positive and pseudo-positive loneliness, respectively, while students with neurotic loneliness adapted the least to the conditions.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43966079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Measuring Creatinine Kinase in Detection of Emerging Catatonia: Literature Review and Case Series Report","authors":"M. Jaradeh, M. deBettencourt, Edgar G. Yap, Yesha A Patel, April Alcantara, Conrad Stasieluk, E. Meresh","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202123","url":null,"abstract":"Catatonia, particularly malignant catatonia (MC), continues to manifest in severe sequalae such as hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, cardiovascular collapse and failure, and even death as, although identification of the syndrome has significantly improved once its developed, several precarious factors continue to inhibit prompt and efficacious treatment. In this context, we evaluated the cases of six patients who were treated at our center for eventual MC manifestation with the aim of elucidating a pre-MC sensitive presentation pattern, common finding, or other granular data point that may have predictive value for MC. Patient chart review and granular data comparison revealed an association between creatine kinase (CK) level trends and catatonia diagnosis. Data were uniformly transformed for percent change to establish overall trends and subsequently analyzed for correlative strength via nonlinear regression. When comparing the inter-sample percent change of CK level to time, a moderate correlation was found (R2 = 0.3784). Analysis of nonlinear regression modeling using least squares for appropriateness of fit using runs test suggested minimal deviation from the model (p = 0.1566). In conclusion, in patients presenting with features that cause a suspicion of catatonia, CK level measurements may be implemented and utilized to more promptly make the diagnosis and begin potentially life-saving treatment or avoid life-threatening treatment.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42761502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Palsy: An Overview of Etiology, Types and Comorbidities","authors":"Joshua A Vova","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202120","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of childhood disability. CP occurs in 1 out of every 345 children in the United States. CP is primarily a motor disease that is the result of an insult to the brain that occurs during the prenatal or early postnatal period when the brain is still developing. CP is not a single disease but a physical description of motor impairments that originate from multiple etiologies. This article briefly discusses the etiologies, classification and management of the neurologic medical comorbidities that are associated with CP. Proactive management can assist in minimizing morbidity and maximizing outcomes and improving quality of life.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44853999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropathology and Therapeutics Addressing Glaucoma, a Prevalent Retina-Optic Nerve-Brain Disease that Causes Eyesight Impairment and Blindness","authors":"N. Sharif","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201116","url":null,"abstract":"Glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) associated with different forms of glaucoma and chronic ocular hypertension (cOHT) is characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons in the optic nerves that project to the brain to transmit visual information. The resultant thinning of the optic nerves cause loss of peripheral vision, which if not halted or slowed, can lead to irreversible blindness. Whilst the precise triggering insult(s) for the primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the most prevalent of the glaucomas, remains unknown, the most prominent risk factors include elevated intraocular pressure, increasing age, African-American heritage (genetic predisposition), family history, low cerebral spinal/intracranial pressure, and vascular dysfunctions within the retina. However, whilst reduction of IOP by topical ocularly administered medications is the first-line therapeutic approach to address cOHT / POAG, surgical procedures and aqueous humor drainage devices are also useful means to lower IOP. It is hoped that the intense research into mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration has the potential to lead to discovery of potential neuroprotective and neuroregenerative agents s and technologies including novel sustained drug delivery platforms, gene therapy, cell therapy, physical support systems, food-derived nutrient treatments, neurostimulation via optogenetic, electrical and sonogenetic tools, yielding suitable treatments to treat cOHT / POAG and the attendant GON.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46864330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study on the Development of Math Competence in an Eight-year-old Child with Dyscalculia: Shared Intentionality in Human-Computer Interaction for Online Treatment Via Subitizing","authors":"I. Danilov, S. Mihailova","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202122","url":null,"abstract":"Studies in the field of neuroscience have shown that the neural network responsible for numeracy overlaps with the visual and spatial processing regions. Other studies in psychology also highlighted an association of visual-spatial processing with mathematical competence at the early stages of development. These findings suggest that research on the size of the focal area of attention (consciousness) can contribute to understanding the development of numeracy. In this case study, we verified the hypothesis of developing numeracy in children by training the rapid apperception of a few items called “subitizing.” Shared intentionality promotes cognition from the onset. Therefore, in this study, we investigated this interaction modality to give an eight-year-old girl an insight into expanded apperception of an array in \"subitizing\" for improving her numerical competence. The child was stimulated to apperceive more objects while performing “subitizing” tasks with the mother. The course of treatment consisted of the four regimes of human-computer interaction based on rapid exposure to several pictures with a few dots. Simultaneously, this human-computer interaction also stimulated shared intentionality in the mother-child dyad for developing the child’s rapid apprehension of these small quantities. The outcome of this intervention was an increase in the size of the focal point of attention (consciousness) and the development of numerical competence, where an association was established between the expanding apperception and the developing numeracy.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43559103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness Among African Migrants Living in Portugal","authors":"F. Neto, M. Pinto","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202125","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the degree of loneliness, as well as acculturation and adaptation factors related to it among African migrants. The study sample consisted of 759 migrants (48.5% females) from four ethnocultural groups (Angolans, Cape Verdeans, Guineans, and Mozambicans) living in Portugal. Participants’ mean age was 37 years, and the mean length of sojourn in this country was 21 years. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires to evaluate social contacts, language proficiency, ethnic identity, perceived discrimination, psychological adaptation, sociocultural adaptation, and intercultural adaptation; moreover, loneliness level was evaluated using the ULS-6 scale. Most participants did not report high levels of loneliness. However, as expected, loneliness correlated negatively with social contacts, ethnic identity, and Portuguese language proficiency, whereas it correlated positively with perceived discrimination. The three adaptation factors negatively predicted loneliness beyond acculturation factors. This study also discussed the implications of this research for counselors.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46704236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilepsy in Cerebral Palsy: A Brief Narrative Review","authors":"Prabhumallikarjun Patil, Amanda RB Weber","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203129","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral palsy is defined as “A group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior, by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems [1].” Between 30-40% of people with cerebral palsy also have epilepsy [2-4]. Some of the risk factors for developing epilepsy include low birth weight, low APGAR scores, seizures in the neonatal period and first year of life, positive imaging findings, severity of cerebral palsy, intellectual disability and spasticity. Children with epilepsy and cerebral palsy often experience their first seizure before 2 years of age, and may have a higher risk for refractory epilepsy and status epilepticus. Anti-seizure medications are the mainstay of treatment, and are typically chosen based upon the epilepsy syndrome, seizure type, side effect profile and EEG findings. If two or more anti-seizure medications fail to control seizures, early evaluation for surgical options, which could potentially be curative, should be pursued. This review article examines the pathophysiology of cerebral palsy and epilepsy, summarizes recent literature about risk factors for developing epilepsy, clinical and EEG features, treatment outcomes in children with epilepsy and CP, and discusses management strategies.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46583435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Social Signaling and Person Perception Functions of Loneliness","authors":"Kory Floyd, Nathan T. Woo, Benjamin E. Custer, Dana R. Dinsmore, Kaylin L. Duncan, Jean-Pierre Maré","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202119","url":null,"abstract":"Loneliness is a common condition that poses substantial risks to morbidity and mortality. Cacioppo and Cacioppo’s [1] evolutionary theory of loneliness (ETL) provides that loneliness serves a social signaling function and also manifests in hypervigilance to threat, which we propose can influence person perception. In this experiment, 480 observers evaluated videotaped self-presentation messages from speakers who scored either high or low on a measure of loneliness. On the basis of ETL, we hypothesized that observers can distinguish between lonely and non-lonely speakers to a greater-than-chance degree and that observers’ own loneliness negatively influences their perceptions of speakers. Both predictions received support, and we identify both theoretic and potential clinical implications of these findings.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46270732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clival Paraganglioma, Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Rachel Moor, Michael Goutnik, Brandon Lucke-Wold, Dimitri Laurent, Si Chen, William Friedman, Maryam Rahman, Nichole Allen, Marie Rivera-Zengotita, Matthew Koch","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203128","DOIUrl":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paragangliomas are rare tumors that may present with cranial neuropathies when located along the skull base. Supratentorial paragangliomas are less likely to secrete catecholamines but should be worked up, nonetheless. We highlight a case of a female in her fourth decade found to have a petroclival lesion following initial presentation that included one month of tooth pain, dysphagia, diplopia, hoarseness and right hemifacial hypoesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a T2 hyperintense lesion favored to be a petroclival meningioma. Pre-operative angiography demonstrated a hypervascular tumor. She underwent a combined presigmoid craniotomy with posterior petrosectomy performed by both neurosurgery and neuro-otology. Pathology demonstrated paraganglioma. She had small volume residual tumor and is planned for continued outpatient radiotherapy. Paragangliomas should be on the differential for skull base lesions. Management paradigm involves multidisciplinary care and a combination of surgical resection and post-operative radiation. In this paper, we discuss underlying pathophysiology as well as appropriate workup and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40597425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arterial Elasticity: Linking of Cardiovascular Risks, Pulse Pressure, Dementia, Aging, and Drug Targeting","authors":"J. D’Arrigo","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201117","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebrovascular atherosclerosis, and several other cardiovascular (or \"inflamm-aging\" type) diseases, are more frequent and advanced in subjects with Alzheimer's disease compared with normal aging. In addition, the observed pathogenic link to dementia (and its associated cerebral microvascular damage) is readily explained by alterations of arterial elasticity. A therapeutic strategy to delay dementia could be based upon localized drug delivery, using lipid nanocarriers (i.e., biobased nanoemulsion technology), targeted toward a major serum amyloid A (SAA) receptor involved in certain proinflammatory, SAA-mediated, cell signaling events. Moreover, by incorporating drug molecules into such lipid nanocarriers, one can obtain a \"combination therapeutic\" capable of targeting simultaneously (via cell-surface scavenger receptors) a variety of cell types, each potentially implicated in Alzheimer's disease and/or dementia, for focused drug delivery in vivo.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41583551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}