Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)最新文献_第2页

Emergent microenvironments of nucleoli. 新出现的核小体微环境

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2319957

Matthew R King, Kiersten M Ruff, Rohit V Pappu

引用次数: 0

Chromatin phase separation and nuclear shape fluctuations are correlated in a polymer model of the nucleus. 细胞核聚合物模型中染色质相分离与核形状波动相关。

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2351957

Ali Goktug Attar, Jaroslaw Paturej, Edward J Banigan, Aykut Erbaş

{"title":"Chromatin phase separation and nuclear shape fluctuations are correlated in a polymer model of the nucleus.","authors":"Ali Goktug Attar, Jaroslaw Paturej, Edward J Banigan, Aykut Erbaş","doi":"10.1080/19491034.2024.2351957","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19491034.2024.2351957","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal cell nuclear shapes are hallmarks of diseases, including progeria, muscular dystrophy, and many cancers. Experiments have shown that disruption of heterochromatin and increases in euchromatin lead to nuclear deformations, such as blebs and ruptures. However, the physical mechanisms through which chromatin governs nuclear shape are poorly understood. To investigate how heterochromatin and euchromatin might govern nuclear morphology, we studied chromatin microphase separation in a composite coarse-grained polymer and elastic shell simulation model. By varying chromatin density, heterochromatin composition, and heterochromatin-lamina interactions, we show how the chromatin phase organization may perturb nuclear shape. Increasing chromatin density stabilizes the lamina against large fluctuations. However, increasing heterochromatin levels or heterochromatin-lamina interactions enhances nuclear shape fluctuations by a \"wetting\"-like interaction. In contrast, fluctuations are insensitive to heterochromatin's internal structure. Our simulations suggest that peripheral heterochromatin accumulation could perturb nuclear morphology, while nuclear shape stabilization likely occurs through mechanisms other than chromatin microphase organization.","PeriodicalId":74323,"journal":{"name":"Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"2351957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytoplasmic nucleoporin assemblage: the cellular artwork in physiology and disease. 细胞质核蛋白组合：生理学和疾病中的细胞艺术品。

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2387534

Junyan Lin, Izabela Sumara

引用次数: 0

eIF4E orchestrates mRNA processing, RNA export and translation to modify specific protein production. eIF4E 可协调 mRNA 处理、RNA 输出和翻译，从而改变特定蛋白质的生成。

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2360196

Jean-Clément Mars, Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic, Katherine L B Borden

{"title":"eIF4E orchestrates mRNA processing, RNA export and translation to modify specific protein production.","authors":"Jean-Clément Mars, Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic, Katherine L B Borden","doi":"10.1080/19491034.2024.2360196","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19491034.2024.2360196","url":null,"abstract":"The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E acts as a multifunctional factor that simultaneously influences mRNA processing, export, and translation in many organisms. Its multifactorial effects are derived from its capacity to bind to the methyl-7-guanosine cap on the 5'end of mRNAs and thus can act as a cap chaperone for transcripts in the nucleus and cytoplasm. In this review, we describe the multifactorial roles of eIF4E in major mRNA-processing events including capping, splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation, nuclear export and translation. We discuss the evidence that eIF4E acts at two levels to generate widescale changes to processing, export and ultimately the protein produced. First, eIF4E alters the production of components of the mRNA processing machinery, supporting a widescale reprogramming of multiple mRNA processing events. In this way, eIF4E can modulate mRNA processing without physically interacting with target transcripts. Second, eIF4E also physically interacts with both capped mRNAs and components of the RNA processing or translation machineries. Further, specific mRNAs are sensitive to eIF4E only in particular mRNA processing events. This selectivity is governed by the presence of cis-acting elements within mRNAs known as USER codes that recruit relevant co-factors engaging the appropriate machinery. In all, we describe the molecular bases for eIF4E's multifactorial function and relevant regulatory pathways, discuss the basis for selectivity, present a compendium of ~80 eIF4E-interacting factors which play roles in these activities and provide an overview of the relevance of its functions to its oncogenic potential. Finally, we summarize early-stage clinical studies targeting eIF4E in cancer.","PeriodicalId":74323,"journal":{"name":"Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"2360196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11185188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In remembrance: Joseph Gall. 纪念：约瑟夫·加尔。

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2426552

Thoru Pederson

引用次数: 0

Pre-ribosomal particles from nucleoli to cytoplasm. 核小体到细胞质的前核糖体颗粒。

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2373052

Ulrich Kubitscheck, Jan Peter Siebrasse

引用次数: 0

Not just binary: embracing the complexity of nuclear division dynamics. 不仅仅是二进制：拥抱核分裂动态的复杂性。

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2360601

Madison E Walsh, Grant A King, Elçin Ünal

{"title":"Not just binary: embracing the complexity of nuclear division dynamics.","authors":"Madison E Walsh, Grant A King, Elçin Ünal","doi":"10.1080/19491034.2024.2360601","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19491034.2024.2360601","url":null,"abstract":"Cell division presents a challenge for eukaryotic cells: how can chromosomes effectively segregate within the confines of a membranous nuclear compartment? Different organisms have evolved diverse solutions by modulating the degree of nuclear compartmentalization, ranging from complete nuclear envelope breakdown to complete maintenance of nuclear compartmentalization via nuclear envelope expansion. Many intermediate forms exist between these extremes, suggesting that nuclear dynamics during cell division are surprisingly plastic. In this review, we highlight the evolutionary diversity of nuclear divisions, focusing on two defining characteristics: (1) chromosome compartmentalization and (2) nucleocytoplasmic transport. Further, we highlight recent evidence that nuclear behavior during division can vary within different cellular contexts in the same organism. The variation observed within and between organisms underscores the dynamic evolution of nuclear divisions tailored to specific contexts and cellular requirements. In-depth investigation of diverse nuclear divisions will enhance our understanding of the nucleus, both in physiological and pathological states.","PeriodicalId":74323,"journal":{"name":"Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"2360601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phase separation in nuclear biology. 核生物学中的相分离。

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2310424

Hao Jiang

引用次数: 0

Inhibition of chromatin condensation disrupts planar cell migration. 抑制染色质凝聚会破坏细胞的平面迁移。

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2325961

Jack Forman, Briar Hine, Samantha Kaonis, Soham Ghosh

{"title":"Inhibition of chromatin condensation disrupts planar cell migration.","authors":"Jack Forman, Briar Hine, Samantha Kaonis, Soham Ghosh","doi":"10.1080/19491034.2024.2325961","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19491034.2024.2325961","url":null,"abstract":"Cell migration involves the actin cytoskeleton, and recently recognized nuclear involvement. In this study, we explore the impact of chromatin remodeling on cell migration using NIH 3T3 cells and a scratch wound assay subjected to pharmacological interventions. We inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs) with Trichostatin A (TSA) and methyltransferase EZH2 with GSK126 to modulate chromatin compaction. Our results indicate that chromatin modifications impair wound closure efficiency, reduce individual cell migration speed, and disrupt migration persistence. Live-cell imaging reveals dynamic intranuclear chromatin remodeling and nuclear shape parameters during migration, influenced by both small- and large-scale chromatin remodeling. The altered nuclear shape is associated with disrupted cell and nuclear mechanics, suggesting a crucial interplay between chromatin remodeling, nuclear mechanics and migration. These findings shed light on the intricate connection between intranuclear chromatin dynamics, nuclear mechanics, and cell migration, providing a basis for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms governing these processes.","PeriodicalId":74323,"journal":{"name":"Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"2325961"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10936625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytogenetic bands and sharp peaks of Alu underlie large-scale segmental regulation of nuclear genome architecture. Alu的细胞遗传带和尖峰是核基因组结构大规模节段调控的基础。

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2400525

Lisa L Hall, Kevin M Creamer, Meg Byron, Jeanne B Lawrence

{"title":"Cytogenetic bands and sharp peaks of Alu underlie large-scale segmental regulation of nuclear genome architecture.","authors":"Lisa L Hall, Kevin M Creamer, Meg Byron, Jeanne B Lawrence","doi":"10.1080/19491034.2024.2400525","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19491034.2024.2400525","url":null,"abstract":"Cytogenetic bands reflect genomic organization in large blocks of DNA with similar properties. Because banding patterns are invariant, this organization may often be assumed unimportant for genome regulation. Results here challenge that view. Findings here suggest cytogenetic bands reflect a visible framework upon which regulated genome architecture is built. Given Alu and L1 densities differ in cytogenetic bands, we examined their distribution after X-chromosome inactivation or formation of senescent-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHFs). Alu-rich regions remain outside both SAHFs and the Barr Body (BB), affirming that the BB is not the whole chromosome but a condensed, L1-rich core. Hi-C analysis of senescent cells demonstrates large (~10 Mb) G-bands remodel as a contiguous unit, gaining distal intrachromosomal interactions as syntenic G-bands coalesce into SAHFs. Striking peaks of Alu within R-bands strongly resist condensation. Thus, large-scale segmental genome architectur relates to dark versus light cytogenetic bands and Alu-peaks, implicating both in chromatin regulation.","PeriodicalId":74323,"journal":{"name":"Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"2400525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11469423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0