Unraveling gene expression: a beginner's guide from chromatin modifications to mRNA export in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-13 DOI:10.1080/19491034.2025.2516909

Joan Serrano-Quílez, Susana Rodriguez-Navarro

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Abstract

Understanding gene expression requires grasping its multi-step processes, from chromatin remodeling to mRNA export. This manuscript provides an accessible entry point for PhD students and junior postdocs beginning research in this area, using yeast as a model organism. We present a beginner-friendly overview of gene expression, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between chromatin modifications, transcription, mRNA processing, and export. Key topics include chromatin organization, with a focus on H2B ubiquitylation and H3 methylation crosstalk; transcriptional control by RNA polymerase II, including initiation, elongation, and termination; and the export of mRNAs via Mex67-Mtr2, adaptor proteins, and the TREX and TREX-2 complexes at the nuclear pore complex. Relevant examples from yeast genetics, biochemistry, and structural biology illustrate each step. This overview aims to equip new researchers with foundational knowledge and provides references to key studies, current challenges, and open questions in the regulation of gene expression.

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揭示基因表达：从酿酒酵母的染色质修饰到mRNA出口的初学者指南。

了解基因表达需要掌握其多步骤过程，从染色质重塑到mRNA输出。本手稿提供了一个可访问的切入点，博士生和初级博士后开始研究在这一领域，使用酵母作为模式生物。我们提出了一个初学者友好的基因表达概述，强调染色质修饰，转录，mRNA加工和输出之间的动态相互作用。关键主题包括染色质组织，重点是H2B泛素化和H3甲基化串扰；RNA聚合酶II的转录控制，包括起始、延伸和终止；以及mrna通过Mex67-Mtr2、接头蛋白以及核孔复合物上的TREX和TREX-2复合物输出。从酵母遗传学，生物化学和结构生物学相关的例子说明了每一步。本综述旨在为新研究人员提供基础知识，并为基因表达调控的关键研究、当前挑战和开放问题提供参考。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)

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