Neurology perspectives最新文献

{"title":"A case of primary HIV infection presenting as Guillain-Barré syndrome: Could it be a separate entity?","authors":"D. López de Mota Sánchez, M. de la Calle Cuevas, L. Olivié-García, I. Zamarbide Capdepon","doi":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74283,"journal":{"name":"Neurology perspectives","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematolgical parameters: Are they predictors of ischemic stroke subtypes?","authors":"O.A. Mahmood,&nbsp;M.G. Aliraqi","doi":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Hematological parameters are considered to be implicated in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke. Otherwise, to our knowledge, it is still not known whether there are any differences between small and large vessel strokes, in terms of these parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Prospectively included in the study, a hundred small-vessel stroke (<em>n</em> = 50) and large-vessel stroke patients (<em>n</em> = 50) were managed in Ibn-sena teaching hospital, Mosul between Oct. 2023 and Aug. 2024. Complete history, neurological examination was done at admission, and blood samples for CBC were collected within the first 48 h of admission. White blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio), monocytes, eosinophils, basophil, hemoglobin (HB), RBC count, packed cell volume (PCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), red cell distribution width index (RDWI), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count, platelet distribution width (PDW) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were obtained, and comparison between the two groups in terms of these parameters was done and with 50 control patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was highest in large vessel disease group and lowest in control group (small versus large, small versus control, large versus control, <em>P =</em> 0.003, &lt;<!--> <!-->0.001, &lt;<!--> <!-->0.001 respectively), and the opposite was the case with lymphocyte count (small versus large, small versus control, large versus control <em>P =</em> 0.003, &lt;<!--> <!-->0.001, &lt;<!--> <!-->0.001, respectively). We have found expressively higher total white blood cell (<em>P =</em> 0.004, &lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), and lower monocyte count (<em>P =</em> 0.001, &lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) in patients with small and large vessel diseases respectively compared to controls. Platelet count and mean platelet volume were significantly higher in small vessel disease compared to controls (<em>P =</em> 0.04, 0.02, respectively). Neutrophil count and RDW were inferentially higher in the large vessel group compared to controls (<em>P =</em> 0.005, 0.03, respectively), and no other significant differences were found among groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Hematological parameters are invaluable tools to confirm the diagnosis of ischemic stroke and to predict stroke subtypes with modest sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74283,"journal":{"name":"Neurology perspectives","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taste disorders due to unilateral upper molar extraction in juvenile and adult albino rats","authors":"A. Gutiérrez-Patiño Paúl,&nbsp;E. Aguirre-Siancas","doi":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The sense of taste is fundamental to life; some studies have revealed a link between dental deafferentation (DD) by upper molar extraction and taste abnormalities in rats. However, no studies have been found that evaluate these variables using the Taste Reactivity Test (TRT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty male Wistar rats (20 juveniles and 20 adults) were used and assigned to a control and experimental group. Both groups were fitted with cannulae for TRT, while rats in the experimental group also had their right upper molars extracted. Using an ingestive solution (1 M sucrose) and an aversive solution (3 mM denatonium benzoate [BD]), TRT was performed on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Body and orofacial reactions were recorded and scored.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DD influences ingestive responses in juvenile rats at days 7, 14, and 21; however, it only affects aversive responses at day 21. In adult rats, it influences ingestive responses at days 14 and 21, although it only affects aversive responses at day 14. When comparing ingestive and aversive responses between juvenile and adult rats in the experimental group, differences were identified in ingestive responses at days 7 and 14.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In juvenile and adult rats, upper molar extraction has a negative influence on ingestive and aversive responses. In addition, compared to adult rats, it has a negative effect on ingestive responses in juvenile rats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74283,"journal":{"name":"Neurology perspectives","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap: Unveiling the gut's influence on Parkinson's disease through probiotic interventions","authors":"A.Y. Nápoles-Medina ,&nbsp;B.R. Aguilar-Uscanga ,&nbsp;B.G. Nápoles-Medina ,&nbsp;P.A. Brand-Rubalcava ,&nbsp;A.R. Tejeda-Martínez ,&nbsp;M.E. Flores-Soto","doi":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to the lack of disease-modifying treatments. Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role of the gut microbiota in PD pathogenesis, particularly through its influence on the gut-brain axis.</div></div><div><h3>Development</h3><div>The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication network involving neural, hormonal, and immune pathways, appears to be significantly modulated by the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut microbial composition, has been implicated in PD progression. Metabolites produced by gut bacteria, such as short-chain fatty acids, are key mediators of gut-brain signaling and may contribute to PD pathogenesis. Preclinical studies utilizing animal models of PD have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host. These studies report improvements in motor symptoms, reduced neuroinflammation, decreased oxidative stress, and restoration of gut and blood–brain barrier integrity following probiotic administration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While the precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics in PD require further investigation, these interventions hold promise for disease management. Further research is warranted to elucidate the therapeutic potential of probiotics in PD and to develop targeted interventions for modulating the gut microbiota to improve clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74283,"journal":{"name":"Neurology perspectives","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple sclerosis and rheumatic diseases: Rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"M.A. Hernández ,&nbsp;B. González ,&nbsp;Y. Contreras ,&nbsp;L.M. Armas","doi":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Multiple sclerosis (MS) may be associated with a range of rheumatic diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease typically affecting small- and medium-size joints. MS has been associated with antiphospholipid syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Development</h3><div>The treatment of these patients must be carefully established, considering the presence of neurological symptoms or central nervous system comorbidities. Patients with MS and rheumatoid arthritis should not be treated with TNF inhibitors, as these may exacerbate the neurological symptoms. Most biological drugs may favour opportunistic infections of the central nervous system; therefore, patients developing neurological symptoms should undergo comprehensive examination, and biological treatment should be adapted according to the results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We summarise the main recommendations for the treatment of patients with MS associated with rheumatic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74283,"journal":{"name":"Neurology perspectives","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective, multi-centre, open-label study on the use of alemtuzumab for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis in clinical practice: A 4-year follow-up","authors":"A. Pato-Pato ,&nbsp;P. Gabeiras-Araujo ,&nbsp;M. Lorenzo-García ,&nbsp;C. Hernandez-Cerón ,&nbsp;J.R. Lorenzo-González ,&nbsp;D.A. García-Estévez","doi":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have been demonstrated in clinical trials. However, due to the limitations of these studies, it is important to assess the effects of the drug in clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to describe the effectiveness of alemtuzumab in terms of the number of relapses per year in patients with RRMS in the clinical setting. As secondary objectives, we evaluated its impact on disability and neuroimaging findings, as well as its tolerability and safety following administration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective, multi-centre, open-label study by reviewing the clinical records of patients receiving alemtuzumab for RRMS treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 32 patients were included at the beginning of the 4-year follow-up period. The mean number of relapses per year remained below 0.35 during follow-up, compared to 1.25 per year before treatment. Disability, as measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, improved during the first 2 years, and remained stable thereafter. Neuroimaging revealed a decrease in disease activity. The most frequent adverse effects were infusion-related reactions and infections.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Alemtuzumab has been shown to be effective in clinical practice in reducing the number of relapses per year, improving disability and decreasing disease activity on brain MRI in patients with MS, with adequate tolerability and safety. However, prevention and monitoring strategies continue to be necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74283,"journal":{"name":"Neurology perspectives","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis","authors":"M. Dominguez-Gallego,&nbsp;V. Meca-Lallana,&nbsp;C. Ana Belén","doi":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which mainly includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterised by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, triggered and perpetuated by an altered immune response. An association has been established between this condition and other autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The prevalence of MS in patients with IBD is 0.2%; the association between the 2 conditions is attributed to shared genetic and environmental pathogenic mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Development</h3><div>In patients presenting with both diseases, several considerations should be taken into account when selecting the most appropriate treatment. Regarding MS treatment, interferons have been associated with worsening of IBD symptoms, whereas such monoclonal antibodies as rituximab and ocrelizumab may cause gastrointestinal toxicity, and alemtuzumab is not recommended due to increased risk of autoimmune complications. Natalizumab and sphingosine 1-phosphate modulators, such as ozanimod, constitute safer and more effective options for patients with IBD.</div><div>Regarding treatments for IBD, TNF-α antagonists are contraindicated in patients with MS due to the associated risk of central nervous system demyelination. Vedolizumab and ustekinumab are the recommended alternatives in these cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Though weak, the association between IBD and MS should be acknowledged; preferably, management of these patients should include medications that treat both conditions simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74283,"journal":{"name":"Neurology perspectives","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pillars of migraine diagnosis and treatment: Information from primary care physicians in Colombia","authors":"J. Muñoz-Cerón ,&nbsp;L. Gallo ,&nbsp;D. Gómez-Barrera","doi":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Migraine is a highly prevalent and disabling condition, with most patients treated at the primary care level. To the best of our knowledge, no information is available in Colombia regarding the knowledge of migraine among physicians at this level of care.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the proportion of primary care physicians who observe the pillars of migraine diagnosis and treatment in their clinical practice: the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) diagnostic criteria, the indication to start preventive treatment, restriction of analgesic medication, and considering the presence of comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional survey of actively practising primary care physicians from all over Colombia using an online semi-structured questionnaire, which was completed by general practitioners, paediatricians, gynaecologists, internists, and family medicine specialists.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 347 primary care physicians from all the regions of Colombia were surveyed; 23.2% used the ICHD-3 criteria, 49% and 85% were familiar with the Colombian guidelines for starting preventive treatment and limiting analgesic medication overuse, respectively; 61% never considered opioids for acute attacks; and 80% took comorbidities into account in their clinical approach. The compliance index for the main pillars of migraine care was 52%. We found no significant differences when specialty, length of time in practice, age, and area of work were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that there is limited knowledge about migraine among Colombian primary care physicians. These results are comparable with similar studies conducted around the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74283,"journal":{"name":"Neurology perspectives","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myasthenic crisis probably triggered by local lidocaine infiltration unveiling generalized myasthenia gravis without extraocular muscle involvement","authors":"M. León-Ruiz ,&nbsp;C. Rízea ,&nbsp;J. Álvarez-Troncoso ,&nbsp;M. Quintana-Díaz ,&nbsp;G. Zmork-Martínez ,&nbsp;J. Benito-León ,&nbsp;J. Rodríguez-Pardo","doi":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74283,"journal":{"name":"Neurology perspectives","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Other autoimmune diseases and multiple sclerosis","authors":"S. Martínez-Yélamos ,&nbsp;Á. Pérez-Sempere","doi":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neurop.2025.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study explores the association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases, including myasthenia gravis (MG), autoimmune encephalitis (AE), and demyelinating polyneuropathies such as combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).</div></div><div><h3>Development</h3><div>For each association, we discuss epidemiological data, clinical features, and therapeutic management strategies. The prevalence of MG is higher in patients with MS than in the general population. Certain MS treatments, such as alemtuzumab, may increase the risk of developing MG or AE. Among the most suitable therapeutic options for patients with coexisting MG or AE are azathioprine and rituximab. Antibody-mediated AE associated with MS is managed similarly to AE unrelated to MS. The association between MS and CIDP contributes to neurological disability and is likely underdiagnosed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The coexistence of MS with other autoimmune diseases presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Awareness of the therapeutic options available for each association is essential in order to identify the most appropriate approach in each case. Early recognition and adequate management of these comorbidities may improve clinical outcomes and enhance patients’ quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74283,"journal":{"name":"Neurology perspectives","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}