Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)最新文献_第6页

Stratification effects without morphological strata, syllable counting effects without counts – modelling English stress assignment with Naive Discriminative Learning 没有形态分层的分层效应，没有计数的音节计数效应——用朴素判别学习模拟英语重音分配

Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11525-022-09399-9

Sabine Arndt-Lappe, Robin Schrecklinger, F. Tomaschek

引用次数: 0

The state and prospects of traditional and innovative methods in the teaching of histology, cytology and embryology in a medical university (debatable aspects) 医科大学组织学、细胞学和胚胎学传统与创新教学方法的现状与展望(有争议的方面)

Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.17816/morph.110837

N. Shevlyuk, А. А., Е. Б.

引用次数: 1

Morphological manifestations of the dynamics of catecholamines binding by erythrocytes during activation and blockade of adrenergic regulatory mechanisms 激活和阻断肾上腺素调节机制过程中红细胞儿茶酚胺结合动力学的形态学表现

Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.17816/morph.110872

E. V. Kuryanova

{"title":"Morphological manifestations of the dynamics of catecholamines binding by erythrocytes during activation and blockade of adrenergic regulatory mechanisms","authors":"E. V. Kuryanova","doi":"10.17816/morph.110872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110872","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - to study, the dynamics of catecholamine binding on erythrocytes when modeling the stimulation and blockade of adrenergic regulation mechanisms using the cytological method \u0000Material and methods. The number of catecholamine granules on erythrocytes was determined using silver nitrate impregnation under conditions of administration of anapriline -adrenergic receptor blocker (2 mg/kg), acute stress, activation of noradrenergic systems (maprotiline, 10 mg/kg) and a combination of these effects. \u0000Results. The number of catecholamine granules in intact animals is 145-155 pieces/40 erythrocytes. Medium-sized granules are more common (0.6-0.9 m). After the administration of a -adrenergic receptor blocker, the total number of catecholamine granules decreases 2.8 times due to large and medium-sized granules. Under conditions of acute stress, the total number of granules increases almost 2 times due to small granules, which may be a sign of sensitization of erythrocyte membranes to catecholamines. Stimulation of the noradrenergic system causes a 20% decrease in the number of catecholamine granules due to a decrease in the number of small and medium sized granules. Under stress against the background of activation of the noradrenergic system, the number of granules on erythrocytes is reduced, which may be a sign of adrenergic receptor desensitization. \u0000Conclusions. The number of catecholamine granules on erythrocytes decreases after the administration of a -adrenergic receptor blocker and increases during acute stress. Stimulation of the noradrenergic system is accompanied by a decrease in the binding of catecholamines, especially under conditions of acute stress, which indicates desensitization of erythrocyte adrenergic receptors. The cytological method is sensitive enough to observe the reception of catecholamines by erythrocytes when exposed to adrenergic structures.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72462058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structure, function and genoarchitectonics of the Central nucleus of the Brain’s Amygdala 大脑杏仁核中央核的结构、功能和基因结构学

Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.17816/morph.110830

A. Akhmadeev

{"title":"Structure, function and genoarchitectonics of the Central nucleus of the Brain’s Amygdala","authors":"A. Akhmadeev","doi":"10.17816/morph.110830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110830","url":null,"abstract":"The review presents the latest literature describing the Central nucleus of the Amygdala complex of the brain (CE), which is an important link in the Central autonomic nervous network. It appears in the early stages of the evolution of the telencephalon. This determines its solid phylogenetic age and explains the heteromorphy, which is manifested by the presence of a number of subnucleus: medial, intermediate, lateral and latero-capsular. The article provides information about the features of cytoarchitectonics, neural organization of subnucleus and neuropeptides. Among the latter, special attention is paid to vasopressin and oxytocin in connection with the identified new way of innervation of the amygdala complex, which has at least two origins: 1. arising from a small population of neurons localized in the intra-amygdalar portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and 2.originating from hypothalamic neurosecretory nuclei. Afferent and efferent connections of CE are characterized. A large number of studies define the medial subnucleus as the center of integration of incoming information to the CE and the main channel for its exit from CE. At the same time, the main point where efferent connections of CE follow is the centers of the brain stem that control cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic and motor functions. Information is provided about the main functions, including the regulation of various forms of social behavior, eating behavior, and involvement in functional reinforcement systems. The results of genetic studies indicate that CE is a derivative of the striatal division of the lateral ganglionic eminence, in the formation of which the expression of the Dlx5 and Lmo4 genes.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85844998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.17816/morph.110832

P. Masliukov, Дарья Аряева, Антонина Будник

{"title":"Age-related changes of neurons from the large intestine containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase","authors":"P. Masliukov, Дарья Аряева, Антонина Будник","doi":"10.17816/morph.110832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110832","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to identify the localization, percentage and morphometric characteristics of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS)-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the intramural ganglia of the myenteric (MP) and submucous plexus (SP) of the large intestine of rats of different age groups. \u0000Material and methods. The work was performed on Wistar rats aged 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 days and 2 years using immunohistochemical methods. \u0000Results. nNOS-IR neurons were found in the large intestine from the moment of birth and during the remaining age periods. In the intramural ganglia of the MP, the largest percentage of nNOS-IR neurons was detected in the newborn rat and decreased in ontogenesis up to 60 days of life, then did not change until senescence. In the SP, nNOS-IR neurons were also detected in the greatest number in newborns, in the next 20 days the percentage decreased significantly, nNOS-IR neurons were not detected in 30-day and two-month-old animals, but again appeared in large numbers in aged rats. The average cross-sectional area of nNOS-IR neurons increased in the MP from birth during the first two months of life. In the SP, the average size of nNOS-IR cells increased in the first 30 days of life and was significantly larger in aged rats compared with other ages. \u0000Conclusions. In early postnatal ontogenesis, there is a decrease in the expression of nNOS in neurons of the large intestine and a subsequent increase in aged rats.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76893670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological changes in the thyroid gland of rats of different age after administration of methionine 蛋氨酸对不同年龄大鼠甲状腺形态的影响

Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.17816/morph.110838

R. Yanko, М Левашов

{"title":"Morphological changes in the thyroid gland of rats of different age after administration of methionine","authors":"R. Yanko, М Левашов","doi":"10.17816/morph.110838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110838","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Literature data on the effect of methionine on functional activity and, especially, on morphological changes in the thyroid gland are sporadic. This may be due to a number of reasons, such as: different ages of experimental animals; different dosage of methionine; different seasonality and duration of experiments. \u0000Aims: To investigate the morphological changes in the thyroid gland of rats of different ages after methionine administration. \u0000Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 48 Wistar male rats of 3 and 15 months of age. Experimental animals received methionine daily for 21 days at a dose of 250 mg / kg of body weight in addition to the standard diet. Histological preparations were made from the thyroid tissue according to the standard method. The gland morphometry was performed on digital images using the computer program Image J. \u0000Results. It was found that 21-day administration of methionine to rats of both 3 and 15 months of age led to a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the follicles and colloid, the accumulation index of colloid and the relative area of the conective tissue in the thyroid gland. But the follicular-colloid index, the number of resorption vacuoles in the colloid, and the number of interfollicular islets were increased. Morphological changes in the thyroid gland of 15-month-old experimental rats were manifested to a greater extent than in young animals. \u0000Conclusions. Thus, the influence of methionine increases the histomorphological signs of the synthetic activity of the thyroid gland in rats of different ages.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84284945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrastructure of rat cerebral cortex cells in normal and experimental dioxin poisoning 正常及实验二恶英中毒大鼠大脑皮层细胞超微结构

Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.17816/morph.110834

M. Salnikova, V. Саитов, А. Яковлева, А. Голубев

{"title":"Ultrastructure of rat cerebral cortex cells in normal and experimental dioxin poisoning","authors":"M. Salnikova, V. Саитов, А. Яковлева, А. Голубев","doi":"10.17816/morph.110834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110834","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose the study of the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex of rats in normal and experimental poisoning with dioxin. \u0000Materials and methods. We studied the ultrastructure of the cells of the pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex of rats of the control and experimental groups that were chronic poisoned with small doses of dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin or TCDD). Morphometric analysis was carried out to determine the length of synaptic clefts, the number of synapses per unit area, the thickness of the myelin layer of the processes and the number of wrappers of myelin sheaths. \u0000Results. The pathology of neurons has been observed both at the optical and ultrastructural levels. It is characterized by a decrease in nuclei, cell death, thinning of myelin sheaths and demyelination. The dose of poisoning correlates with the degree of destruction of neurons: with an increase in the dose of dioxin, changes become more significant. The number of synaptic contacts decreases but there is a significant increase in their average length. \u0000Conclusions. The processes of demyelination, impaired cellular respiration and destruction of synaptic contacts indicate the ability of dioxin to indirectly cause accelerated aging of neurons and their death (apoptosis).","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73910148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Macro-microscopic examination of the valves of the deep dorsal vein of the human penis 人阴茎深背静脉瓣的宏观显微镜检查

Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.17816/morph.110839

A. N. Strelkov, А. Астраханцев, С. С.

{"title":"Macro-microscopic examination of the valves of the deep dorsal vein of the human penis","authors":"A. N. Strelkov, А. Астраханцев, С. С.","doi":"10.17816/morph.110839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110839","url":null,"abstract":"Objective to study the valves of the deep dorsal vein of the human penis. \u0000Material and methods. The study of deep dorsal vein valves in 150 men was carried out using macroscopic and microscopic methods. The work was performed on autopsy material. 47 trunks of the deep dorsal vein isolated using magnifying optics х3,5 from the coronal sulcus to the prostatic venous plexus and 103 fragments of the vein in cross section directly distal to the supporting ligament were studied. We used histological painting coloring with hematoxylin-eosin, funcionam with fuchsin and Mallory. The obtained images of valves in longitudinal and cross sections were subjected to photoregistration and archiving for further detailed study and analysis. \u0000Results. As a rule, the studied vein has one trunk, but in 7,3% of cases it is represented by 2 trunks. Most often there is a division of the main trunk of the vein. Valves of the deep dorsal vein in the longitudinal section are detected in 89% of observations. On the cross-section, the valve in 36% of cases is detected near the supporting ligament. Valves are represented most often by 2 flaps, at the base of which there is a roller associated with the middle shell of the vein wall. The valves of the deep dorsal vein of the penis have the typical appearance of \"pocket\" type valves and do not prevent the outflow of venous blood from the cavernous bodies, blocking retrograde blood flow. \u0000Conclusions. Valves are a constant component of the deep dorsal vein of the human penis. The structure of the valves indicates that they prevent retrograde blood flow to the cavernous bodies, both at rest and during erection.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88164688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological reconstruction of the urinary bladder in the process of age involution 年龄退化过程中膀胱的形态重建

Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.17816/morph.110831

S. Kulikov, И. Ш., А. С.

{"title":"Morphological reconstruction of the urinary bladder in the process of age involution","authors":"S. Kulikov, И. Ш., А. С.","doi":"10.17816/morph.110831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110831","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - study of morphological rearrangements of the bladder and its vascular system in elderly and senile people.Material and methods. Autopsy material in the form of pieces of the bladder wall from 25 men aged 60-80 years was studied using a number of histological, morphometric and statistical techniques. As a control, we used material from 10 persons aged 20-30 years who died as a result of injuries.Results. It was shown that in men in the process of aging in the extraorganic arteries, atherosclerotic changes are revealed, leading to a narrowing of the lumen. In the intraorgan arteries, thickening of the media, hyperelastosis and hyalinosis are observed, which also lead to a reduction in blood flow and are markers of arterial hypertension. A reflection of the adaptation to hemodynamic disorders is the formation of the so-called \"closing arteries\" with a powerful intimate layer. Over time, in the media of the arteries, as well as in the intima of the \"closing vessels\", sclerosis grows. The veins of the bladder lose a powerful smooth muscle layer in the wall, undergo sclerosis, which leads to difficulty in blood outflow, aggravating chronic hypoxia. Remodeling of the vascular bed of the bladder leads to detrusor atrophy and degenerative-dysregenerative changes in the urothelium.Conclusion. In the vascular bed of the urinary bladder in elderly and senile men, atherosclerotic and angiotonic changes characteristic of arterial hypertension progress, followed by the development of detrusor atrophy and impaired urothelium regeneration.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83444808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative characteristics of human stem cells 人类干细胞的比较特征

Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.17816/morph.110833

O. Pototskaya, K. Shevchenko

{"title":"Comparative characteristics of human stem cells","authors":"O. Pototskaya, K. Shevchenko","doi":"10.17816/morph.110833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110833","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cell (SC) therapy is one of the most perspective methods of clinical medicine; SC containing products are actively investigated in clinical trials, while some of them are already officially approved for treatment in many countries worldwide. So quickly developing direction of modern medicine should be properly reflected in educational programs of medical universities, providing basic understanding of SC subtypes, their properties and potential risks. The purpose of this review is to perform comparative analysis of SC types, methods of their procurement and perspectives of their employment. SCs could be divided into groups according to the age of the donor organism. Embryonic SCs are isolated from blastocyst, obtained as a result of extracorporeal fertilization, cloning, semicloning or parthenogenesis (androgenetic and gynogenetic SCs). Fetal SCs could be isolated from embryonic and fetal tissues before the birth or from miscarriages and abortion material (including ectopic pregnancy). Among fetal there is and especial group of perinatal extraembryonic SCs which are obtained from extraembryonic organs (umbilical cord, amnion, placenta) after the birth; among them hematopoietic, mesenchymal, epithelial and decidual cells are distinguished. Adult (somatic, tissue specific) SCs could be isolated from different tissues and organs of adult organism throughout the life; their properties depend on the place of their localization and age of the donor. Additionally, SCs could be created artificially from mature cells by modification of gene expression; they are united in the group of induced pluripotent SCs. Every group of SCs is not homogenous and has its advances and drawbacks, analyzed in this review. Also, application of exosomes produced by stem cells as an alternative of cellular therapy is considered.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90655699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0