Agricultural Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Cisgenics Approach for Fruit Crops Amelioration: An Overview","authors":"Songthat William Haokip, Kripa Shankar, Tabalique Yumkhaibam, Hau Ngaih Lian, K. A. Sheikh, Ambrush Shanker, Prabha Chettri","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2649","url":null,"abstract":"Cisgenics is the change of a recipient plant’s genetic make-up using a naturally derived gene from a species that is cross-compatible, along with its introns, native promoter and terminator, which are flanked at the typical sense orientation. It simply refers to genetic alteration carried out using one among the recombinant DNA technology approaches without the use of any foreign DNA; in other words, the host plant’s DNA or DNA from the closely related species that is sexually compatible is used only in the manipulation. There is a public concern about eating transgenic plants, although genetically altered features offer priceless alternatives to conventional breeding. Because apples are vegetatively propagated, their heterozygous nature further hampered the successful transfer of desirable features. As a result, it is possible to directly transfer desired genes through cisgenesis into an existing variety without changing any of the desirable traits for customers. The benefits of cisgenesis over conventional breeding include its ability to overcome linkage drag, maintain the genetic diversity of the plant variety, use less pesticides and save time. The use of cisgenic approaches in various fruit crops increases the possibility of introducing the desired genes into innovative cultivars without affecting their beneficial traits.c","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"23 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Land Degradation on Crop Yields and its Management Options: A Review","authors":"Amare Aleminew","doi":"10.18805/ag.rf-263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-263","url":null,"abstract":"Land degradation will remain an important global issue for the 21st century because of its adverse impact on agronomic productivity of crop yields, the environment and its effect on food security and the quality of life. However, the on-site impacts of land degradation on productivity are easily screened due to use of additional inputs and adoption of improved technology and have led some to question the negative effects of extreme land degradation. The relative magnitude of economic losses due to productivity decline versus environmental deterioration also has created a debate. Therefore, land is a non-renewable resource, and the productive capacity of the land would be reduced unless proper management options would be taken at a right time. The proper management options of land degradation for sustaining the crop yields are controlling overgrazing, reduced population pressures on natural resources, using energy efficient sources, contour farming, avoiding cultivation of steep slopes for crop production purposes, afforestation and hillside tree plantations and along gullies, increasing soil fertility by adding organic matter, reducing compaction of soil structures and making soil and water conservation structures to reduce soil erosion, sediment loss and run-off.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Agriculture: An Approach Towards Creating Sustainable Smart Cities: A Review","authors":"Riza Mathew, Sreedaya Gopinathan Sarojini, S. Smitha, Archana T. Shaji","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2629","url":null,"abstract":"The global food system is projected to experience increasing challenges over the years due to rising population and per capita consumption. Rapid population growth magnifies the effects of climate change by depleting resources and increasing exposure to climate-related risks, especially in urban areas with limited resources. Urban poor people have been proven to be more vulnerable to rising global food issues, climatic changes and unemployment rates due to unique elements of their urban life. Cities that deal with multiple urbanization challenges ultimately develop an urban sprawl which has detrimental effects on the economy, society and environment. Here comes the prevalence of urban agriculture as a form of modern agriculture that places an emphasis on its numerous goals in ensuring food security, maintaining urban ecosystem services and enhancing urban living standards. Urban green spaces are universally acknowledged as a nature-based solution that promotes social cohesion, healthy living and climate change mitigation and adaptation. Urban agriculture benefits a community in a variety of ways, from providing food and nutritional security, economic and environmental benefits and even modifying a city’s urban form.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139266393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harvesting and Threshing Methods for Paddy-I: A Review","authors":"Shekhar Kumar Sahu","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2577","url":null,"abstract":"Harvesting methods adopted for paddy crop are largely dependent on the land size of the farmers. Mechanized methods are completely implemented by the farmers of medium and large categories. On the other hand, the marginal and small farmers are struggling between manual and mechanized methods because of unavailability of implements that can suit to their land size an economic level. Cutting and threshing operations are performed separately which are responsible for more input cost and grain loss. Various methods of harvesting were studied and the loss of grain associated with the methods is emphasized. In manual method, before threshing, the cutting, collecting, bundling and transportation operation requires which consumes time, energy and cost and increase the grain loss significantly. In mechanized methods, the time, energy and input cost can be minimized. The manual crop cutting requires about 8 to 12 and 25 to 45 times, respectively, more man-hours per hectare compared to rotary blade cutter and vertical conveyor reaper. The field capacity of manual harvesting methods is 4 to 10 times less than the mechanized methods.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"151 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Population Dynamics of Insect-pests in Different Growing Environments and their Relationship with Microclimate of Pigeonpea Cultivars","authors":"Rajesh Kumar, Ram Niwas, M.L. Khichar, Mohit Kamboj, Kartik .","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2617","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pigeonpea is a low input, rainfed crop that provides economic returns every part of the plant. Insect-pests are the major biotic constraints limiting the productivity of this crop. Keeping all these factors in mind, the present experiment was conducted to study the population dynamics of insect-pests in different growing environments and their relationship with microclimate of pigeonpea cultivars. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during Kharif season 2017. Insect-pests population was recorded from the five tagged plants at weekly interval starting from 38th standard meteorological week (SMW) till harvesting of the crop. Ground sheet method was used to record the population of larvae of M. vitrata and H. armigera. Larvae of M. vitrata and H. armigera falling on cloth sheet of size 60 cm × 60 cm laid near plant stem were counted. Web formed by M. vitrata larvae were visually counted and then removed to count larvae feeding inside the webs. Result: In our experiment, it was found that H. armigera infestation started from 38th SMW in all the varieties and D1 and D2 sown crop while in D3 sown crop it started in 40th SMW. On the other hand the larval population of M. vitrata started from 38th SMW, 39th SMW and 40th SMW in all varieties and D1, D2 and D3 sown crops, respectively where as the formation of webs in all the varieties and D1 sown crop started from 38th SMW while in D2 and D3 sown crops started from 39th SMW and continued till 45th SMW. Mean larval population of H. armigera, M. vitrata and number of webs per plant was found highest in D1 sown crop on variety Manak.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"85 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impacts of Vegetables and Fruits by Products on Growth and Health of Broiler Chickens","authors":"CHAIB EDDOUR Ahmed Readh, LITIM Miloud, LARBAOUI Abdelkrim, BELHOCINE Chaïmaa, BOUDEROUA Kaddour","doi":"10.18805/ag.rf-271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-271","url":null,"abstract":"Agro-industrial by-products, which are not intended for human consumption, can serve as substitutes for traditional animal feed ingredients in animal nutrition. This can result in the production of animal products without causing competition for land or exacerbating the food versus feed dilemma, ultimately promoting environmental and economic sustainability. Utilizing co-products as animal feed has the potential to reduce feeding costs while enhancing the productive parameters, quality, animal welfare and sustainability of animal products. Numerous studies have indicated that fruits and vegetables are considered as significant sources of bioactive compounds. The extensive process of industrialization leads to the creation of considerable amounts of by-products, giving rise to grave ecological concerns. Hence, such a scenario necessitates the formulation of innovative approaches for effectively utilizing the resultant wastes, ensuring the potential to fabricate novel products with enhanced value. The generated by-products, reveal similar or higher antioxidant activity. It is recognized that these secondary products comprise various bioactive substances and may have the ability to serve as nutraceuticals for poultry, promoting their health and overall wellness. This review aims to summarize the exploitation of fruit wastes, namely, apple, citrus, banana, mango, pineapple and grape as well as vegetable by-products which are derived from tomato and olive cultivation. These byproducts can be in supplementation or substitution format. Some of these byproducts presented the following results: The addition of 2% dried sweet orange pulp to the diet significantly increased feed intake and total weight gain in broilers and the inclusion of dried orange pulp in broiler diets was found to reduce serum triglycerides and cholesterol. Also, the including of 10% apple peel in the diet led to an increase in the weight of the gizzard and small intestine in chickens. Additionally, diets containing 5% and 10% apple peel waste resulted in higher levels of lipids and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) in the blood serum, while LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and malondialdehyde levels decreased. Moreover, the including of 10% banana peel in poultry feed led to improved feed efficiency, feed conversion and the quality of poultry eggs and meat. However, the inclusion of olive cake with phytase to broiler chickens’ diet presented an increase of growth parameters increased. The incorporation of 10% of OC with phytase also resulted a reduction in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides and an increase in plasma inorganic phosphorus.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talinum fruticosum: A Potential Multi-value Plant: A Review","authors":"K. Manikandan, T. Balaji, V. Dhanushkodi","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2611","url":null,"abstract":"Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss. is an underutilized plant which is distributed across world. It survives under varying soil types such as deep fertile soil, shallow rocky soil, salt affected soils, etc. Waterleaf occurs from sea level to 1000 m above MSL. Tolerance to drought is added advantage but, yield decreases with increasing water stress. It moderately tolerates salinity and sodicity of both soil and water. This plant can be exploited as plant for phytoremediation as it is capable to accumulate heavy metals, pollutants and minerals. It has significant potential to use it as fodder for cattle considering green biomass and nutritional composition. This plant can also be used as feed to chickens, rabbits and cattle. It is considered as palatable, leafy vegetable owing to nutritional and medicinal properties though it possess lesser amount of anti-nutritious components such saponin, oxalates and tannins. In view of above facts, waterleaf have the potential to be utilized as leafy vegetable for semiarid and humid conditions, quality green fodder for cattle, feed for rabbits and chicken, remediating polluted soils, reclamation and sustainable utilization of salt affected lands, tolerant plant for poor quality water, suitable to shallow soils besides using it as ornamental plant.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136280677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Significance of Blood Transfusions in Animals: A Review","authors":"Ramakant ., T.K. Sarkar, Amit Kumar Verma, Vipul Thakur, Pankaj Kumar Maurya, Sachin Gautam, V.K. Varun, Desh Deepak","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2638","url":null,"abstract":"Blood transfusion is a simple form of transplantation. Blood transfusion therapy is carryout since long back to improve the oxygen carrying capacity and treat the clinical sign of anaemia. The clinical use of blood transfusion in veterinary practice has recently increased as an emergency life-saving modality because of easy access to blood products along the blood donors or stored blood substitutes. Animal should be screened properly for blood typing and cross matching before the blood transfusion. The quantity of blood has to be transfused based on the clinical status of the recipient animals. Administration of blood products carries an inherent risk of transmission of disease carried by the donor. A transfusion can be rejected and cause profound, potentially life- threatening complications in the recipient. The developments in the techniques for separating different components of the blood have made considerable advancements in demand based treatment in veterinary medicine.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135343944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bamboo: Technology Innovations Towards Value-added Applications: A Review","authors":"Sangeeta Baksi, Pradeep Srivastava","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2407","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo is remarkably varied and adaptable with a wide range of anatomical, structural and chemical properties. All of the bamboo plant, from rhizome and root to culm and leaves is utilized-there are nearly two thousand recorded uses. Bamboo has gained considerable importance recently as a structural material. Bamboo can substitute not only wood, but also plastics, steel, cement and other materials in structural and product applications through improvements in processing technologies, product innovation with the application of scientific and engineering skills. The sector has vast potential for generating income and employment, especially in the rural areas. Towards promoting the usage of bamboo into value-added products, the National Mission on Bamboo Applications has been a major initiative by the Govt. of India under the 10th five year Plan. Primary processing of bamboo i.e. cross-cutting, splitting, knot removal, sliver making, strip making and round stick making may be carried out at rural cluster zones. After primary processing of bamboo, a lot of waste is generated. This waste may be effectively converted into value-added products such as activated carbon, charcoal etc. Efforts are underway for converting bamboo into usable form of energy by gasification. These gases can replace diesel up to 70% thus catering to energy needs (Tripathi, 2008). The by-products of biomass gasification in the forms of volatiles are rich sources of chemicals. The conversion of bamboo waste into charcoal is also being explored for catering to rural energy needs. The low-cost technology could be taken up for commercial production particularly in rural areas. This review paper discusses in detail about the properties and application of bamboo as wood, primary and secondary processing of bamboo and preservation of bamboo. The paper brings out technology overview of the products and associated business opportunities.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136154848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Seed Germination Studies in Barley Exposed to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"Ashima Pathak, T. Mehta, N. Thakur","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2637","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nanotechnology is an emerging field that could lead to novel applications in the fields of biotechnology and agriculture. The present study was conducted to test the efficacy of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the germination of barley seeds. Methods: The current study used a chemical method to prepare ZnO nanoparticles. An absorption band at 322nm using UV/Visible spectroscopy was obtained due to the formation of ZnO nanoparticles. The seeds were given 100, 200, and 500 ppm of ZnO nanoparticles. Seeds in the control group were given distilled water. Zinc was also given as zinc nitrate (0.1M) to the seeds of the zinc- treated group. Results: ZnO nanoparticles at higher concentrations were found to be toxic to plants, whereas their lower concentrations boosted the yield and growth of the plant. The present study showed that ZnO nanoparticles have a significant impact on the seed germination potential and could provide an alternative source for fertiliser or growth enhancers that may improve sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}