Agricultural Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Soil Physical and Chemical Properties as Affected by Bio-, Organic and Inorganic NPSB Fertilizers and Lime in Assosa Zone, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Abiyot Abeje, G. Alemayehu, Tesfaye Feyisa","doi":"10.18805/ag.a-663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.a-663","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soil acidity, low soil nutrient status and low nitrogen fixing inoculants as a result of poor soil fertility management practices are the major constraints in soybean production in Assosa Zone, particularly in Assosa and Bambassi districts. Hence, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of bio-, organic and inorganic NPSB fertilizers and lime on soil physico- chemical properties. Methods: During the period 2019-2020 factorial combinations of two bio-fertilizer inoculants [without bio-fertilizer (B1) and SB12 plus MAR1495 bio-fertilizer at their recommended rates of 500 g ha-1 (B2); two organic fertilizers without fresh cattle manure (M1) and fresh cattle manure at 10 t ha-1 (M2); two lime rates without lime (L1) and lime at 5 t ha-1 (L2); two inorganic NPSB fertilizers NPSB at 9.5-23-3.5-0.05 (F1) and NPSB at 19-46-7-0.1 (F2) at their recommended rates for soybean] were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Bulk density, pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity were collected and analyzed using SAS software version 9.1.3 and significant mean differences were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Result: Bulk density, pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity were highly affected (P less than 0.01) by the interactions of bio-, organic and inorganic fertilizers and lime. Finally, the interaction of SB12+MAR1495, 10t/ha fresh cattie manure, 5t/ha lime and NPSB at 19-46-7-0.1 improved the bulk density, pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity at both districts.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"77 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agroforestry Practice and its Socioeconomic Benefits in Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Alem Mezgebo Hailu, Dargo Kebede Alemie","doi":"10.18805/ag.rf-272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-272","url":null,"abstract":"The study used descriptive statistics to analyze the data. It ascertained the role of agroforestry practices in Harari regional state. A sample of 350 farmers was interviewed and selected using two-stage random sampling techniques. The results showed that 100% of the sample respondents practiced agroforestry as a land use for income source, shade, soil improvement, fodder, firewood, construction material, medicinal purposes etc. The components of the agroforestry system adopted by the local community were pulse, root, cereal crops and vegetables. Khat, Eritia, Acacia, Cordial, Zeziphus were the fodder species used. 78.57% of the respondents used a stallfeeding technique to feed their animals. The respondents obtained annual income of 32,199.16 Ethiopian birrs on average. In general, the agroforestry system helps the local communities to diversify their income, fulfill animal feed and cope with and mitigate climate change. To sustain the local people with the climate change, decision-makers and researchers should give more attention to the preferred agroforestry species.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy A Cellular Mechanism: A Review","authors":"S.B. Swami, P.R. Rathod, G. Gangane, B. M. Kondre","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2627","url":null,"abstract":"Autophagy is a basically survival mechanism of body in which cell digests its own content to maintain cellular homeostasis in multiple stress conditions and starvation. The term ‘autophagy’ was first described in 1963 by Christian de Duve, a Japanese cell biologist to describe presence of double-membrane vesicles containing cytoplasmic constituents within the cell. These vesicles that encapsulate cytoplasm, organelles and proteins, are known as autophagosomes. After formation of autophagosome it fuses with endosomes and travels via cytoplasm to fuse with lysosomes for degradation. In lysosomes internal content material of autophagosome is degraded with the action of acid hydrolases. Autophagy is very important for regulation of diverse cellular functions i.e., growth, differentiation, response to nutrient deficit and oxidative stress, cell death and macromolecule and organelle turnover. Nutrient starvation is most typical trigger of autophagy. Depending on the mechanism by which intracellular materials are delivered into lysosome for degradation, there are four types- Macroautophagy, Microautophagy, Chaperon mediated autophagy and Crinophagy. Autophagy is important in normal development and it responds to changing environmental stimuli. It plays role in cancer and numerous important diseases such as bacterial and viral infections, liver and kidney diseases, Diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, several myopathies and cardiovascular diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"71 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrient and Metabolic Profiling of Strawberry Cultivars Grown in Subtropical Conditions: A Review","authors":"Komal Sharma, Anis Ahmad Mirza, Aarti","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2642","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry is most economically important fresh and processed fruits, consumed both for its pleasant flavor and its nutrient content. Due to the fruit’s high concentration of antioxidants and phytochemicals, eating strawberries has been linked to maintain good health and preventing the development of chronic diseases. The following information has been compiled from previous year research papers, which contain valuable insights into the health benefits, nutritional status and effects of strawberries. Balanced nutrition is needed by delicate strawberry plants so it’s important to maintain the nutritional status for better growth, yield and quality of strawberry fruits. Although strawberries are a highly perishable fruit and cannot be kept for an extended amount of time, several wrapping techniques have preserved the fruit’s quality when kept at ambient temperature. Disorder like albinism can be corrected with proper spacing and spray of borax and GA3. One step toward helping farmers maximize their profits is the notion of waste utilization in horticultural crops. Therefore, the goal of doubling farmer’s income by minimizing their after-harvest losses and enhancing the demand of perishable cultivable fruit crops is achieved. This review paper showing different practices related to strawberry like its propagation, metabolites and health benefits, biochemistry of fruit ripening, effect of micro and macronutrients on strawberry’s growth, yield and quality.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"18 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar and Silicon for Sustainable Agriculture in Acid Soil- Nutrient Dynamics and Maize Production: A Review","authors":"Wasil Abubakar, MK Uddin, Susilawati Kasim, Syaharudin Zaibon, S. M. Shamsuzzaman, Ana Haque, A. Reza","doi":"10.18805/ag.rf-260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-260","url":null,"abstract":"The central part of the country in the world classified Maize as their staple and essential crop, but this crop cannot cultivate appropriately in acidic soil. Thus, biochar, silicon and phosphorus observation can act as an agent to improve the growth of Maize in acidic soil. Additionally, biochar, well known for its alkaline properties, can reduce soil acidification and, at the same time, improve crop production. This low pH condition was caused by aluminium, manganese and low of phosphorus. Thus, silicon and Phosphorus can improve crop productivity. Using biochar as a soil amendment raises the pH value, alone or in combination. Maize (Zea mays L.) and the acidity of the soil are much related to the application of biochar combined with silicon and Phosphorus. Biochar simply can reduce exchangeable soil acidity, but when combined with silicon and Phosphorus, it can have a greater influence on reducing soil Al toxicity. The importance of biochar with different rates combined with silicon and Phosphorus to increase the pH of soil is still an inconsistent result by various studies. This review summarizes the properties of biochar, silicon and phosphorus and provides the scientific reference for its application to archive high yield of Maize and reduce the acidification effect on soil.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"34 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofortification of Iron and Zinc in Field Crops Through Plant Microbe Interaction: A Review","authors":"Shaik Nazma, M. Hemalatha, T. Sudha","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2606","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrient deficiency is a big concern around the world since it causes serious social and health problems. Micronutrient availability is low on millions of hectares of land around the world, including India. Zn deficiency in Indian soils has reached 47% and Fe deficiency has reached 13%. The main causes of micronutrient deficit in soil are excessive fertilizer use (over the RDF), soil erosion and other agronomic practices that obstruct the movement of micronutrients. A promising and sustainable agriculture-based method called biofortification aims to reduce Zn and Fe deficiencies in dietary food ingredients. The plant breeding method to create biofortified crops and agronomic supplementation of micronutrients, such as foliar/soil application together with chemical fertilisers, have drawn the most attention among the various strategies used. Interactions between plants and microbes are recognised to be essential for enhancing the nutrient status of the soil and enriching micronutrients through the solubilization, mobilisation and translocation of metals to various parts of the plant. This symbiotic relationship enhances the quality and yield of crops, while innovative food processing techniques can offer cost-effective biofortified food solutions to address the nutritional needs of undernourished populations.Micronutrient deficiency is a big concern around the world since it causes serious social and health problems. Micronutrient availability is low on millions of hectares of land around the world, including India. Zn deficiency in Indian soils has reached 47% and Fe deficiency has reached 13%. The main causes of micronutrient deficit in soil are excessive fertilizer use (over the RDF), soil erosion and other agronomic practices that obstruct the movement of micronutrients. A promising and sustainable agriculture-based method called biofortification aims to reduce Zn and Fe deficiencies in dietary food ingredients. The plant breeding method to create biofortified crops and agronomic supplementation of micronutrients, such as foliar/soil application together with chemical fertilisers, have drawn the most attention among the various strategies used. Interactions between plants and microbes are recognised to be essential for enhancing the nutrient status of the soil and enriching micronutrients through the solubilization, mobilisation and translocation of metals to various parts of the plant. This symbiotic relationship enhances the quality and yield of crops, while innovative food processing techniques can offer cost-effective biofortified food solutions to address the nutritional needs of undernourished populations.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assam Flood and Financial Loss in Agricultural Production: A Study on Mitigation Strategy Adopted by the Farmers of Dhemaji District","authors":"S. Borah, Arpan Buragohain","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2625","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Assam is considered as a flood prone state, as this natural disaster creates devastating situation almost every year. The study was conducted in Dhemaji district of Assam which is in the list of highly flood hazard index. The district was selected to know the impact of flood on financial loss for agricultural production and to study the mitigation strategy adopted by the flood affected farmers in the district. Methods: For that a multistage random sampling technique was adopted to select flood affected farmers from the district. Financial loss for agricultural production due to flood was estimated by calculating financial loss for crop loss, agricultural asset loss and livestock loss for the study area. Flood situation and Non flood situation was compared while going for calculation of financial loss for crop due to flood. Henry Garret ranking technique was adopted to rank the problems face by the farmers. Result: The result reflected that net return from crop production was recorded to be less (Group I 1032.44Rs/ha and Group II 3830.99 Rs/ha) in flood situation than the non-flood situation (Group I 7051.30 Rs/ha and Group II 8330.08 Rs/ha).Total financial loss due to crop loss, asset loss and livestock loss was found to be high for size group II farmers (Rs 39094.33) then the size group I (Rs 36643.40). Majority of the respondents (79.17 per cent) preferred migration as the best coping mechanism to protect them from flood loss.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"302 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139213688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Properties of Seeds: A Review","authors":"C. Tamilarasan, J. Jency, R. Jerlin","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2605","url":null,"abstract":"Study of isotherms and thermodynamic properties become essential to understand the drying and imbibition mechanisms of seeds. Among post-harvest procedures of seeds, drying is widely known and used in order to assure quality and stability during storage and shelf life. Variation of moisture content through drying is important in order to understand the interaction between water molecules and the seed components, which is the key factor for correct drying and storage. Seed viability could be maintained during long periods owing to their glass structure, as a thermodynamic unstable state, with high viscosity. Thermodynamic properties were enthalpy (Amount of energy available to do work), entropy (Amount of energy present but it not available to do work) and gibbs free energy (Differential energy between the enthalpy and entropy). Thermodynamic properties of seed water determines the reaction kinetics during seed deterioration. Thermodynamic properties showed a critical upper limit, with tolerant species having higher values then susceptible species. In general the values of critical limits of the thermodynamic parameters decreased with increasing temperature. The differential enthalpy and entropy increased in seeds with period of storage and became asymptotic as the seed lost their viability. Thermodynamics properties increased with increase in temperature, indicating that drying and water absorption do not occur spontaneously it requires external energy. A radical drop in germination follows the trend of gibbs free energy increase and enthalpy decrease, indicating intensification of endergonic reaction. Hence, it is concluded that by using thermodynamic properties of seeds the seed quality can be determined without conducting the germination test in shortest period.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139214263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-agents for the Management of Blast Disease of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana): A Brief Review","authors":"H.M. Navya, Karibasappa, Jahanara Kudsi, Tathagath Waghmare, Prabhurajeshwar","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2633","url":null,"abstract":"Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is one of the major staple food in India. the crop yield and its quality is affected by numerous factors including pre and post-harvest pathogens, poor storage conditions, improper irrigation practices and others. Among different phytopathogens which attack the Pyricularia grisea affects major yield loss in finger millet and many researchers developed potential management strategies to combat against target pathogen. This review deals with the overall information available for the utilization of bio-agents, against blast pathogen. Various researchers reported utilization of bio-agents is an effective management strategy against blast pathogen also economical and environmentally safe. In this review we made an attempt to present detailed overview potential utilization of bio-agents in supressing Pyricularia grisea.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139236818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Irradiation Technology for Plant Disease Resistance: A Review","authors":"N.A. Zulkifli, M.A.A. Khairul Izhar, H.Y. Lau, M.M.F. Azizi","doi":"10.18805/ag.rf-284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-284","url":null,"abstract":"Plant diseases pose a significant threat to global food security, leading to substantial yield losses and economic damage. In recent years, irradiation technology has emerged as a promising approach to enhance plant disease resistance. Gamma irradiation, a well-established technique, has been utilized for approximately 60 years to develop new plant varieties with improved resistance to pests and diseases. X-ray is another form of ionizing radiation, has also shown the potential in enhancing plant disease resistance. UV light, including UVB and UVC radiation, has been effective in eliminating microorganisms by damaging their DNA. Electron beam irradiation, a non-ionizing form of radiation, has been investigated for its impact on plant disease resistance. However, the implementation of irradiation technology in agriculture faces challenges such as public perception, regulatory barriers and cost-effectiveness. This review article highlights the advances in irradiation technology for plant disease resistance. It emphasizes the potential of gamma irradiation, X-ray gamma irradiation, UV light, UVB, UVC and electron beam in enhancing plant disease resistance.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}