Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) to Manage Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and the Post-COVID-19 Health Crisis.","authors":"Abdelaziz Ghanemi,&nbsp;Mayumi Yoshioka,&nbsp;Jonny St-Amand","doi":"10.3390/medicines10050032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10050032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has had and will have impacts on public health and health system expenses. Indeed, not only it has led to high numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations, but its consequences will remain even after the end of the COVID-19 crisis. Therefore, therapeutic options are required to both tackle the COVID-19 crisis and manage its consequences during the post COVID-19 era. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a biomolecule that is associated with various properties and functions that situate it as a candidate which may be used to prevent, treat and manage COVID-19 as well as the post-COVID-19-era health problems. This paper highlights how SPARC could be of such therapeutic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10220988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9523958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Averting an Unnecessary Revision of a Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy by Surgically Creating an Access Point for the Endoscopic Assessment of the Anastomosis: A Report of a Case.","authors":"Dimitrios Symeonidis,&nbsp;Ismini Paraskeua,&nbsp;Athina A Samara,&nbsp;Effrosyni Bompou,&nbsp;Alexandros Valaroutsos,&nbsp;Maria P Ntalouka,&nbsp;Dimitrios Zacharoulis","doi":"10.3390/medicines10050031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10050031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Primary sclerosing cholangitis sets the scene for several pathologies of both the intrahepatic and the extrahepatic biliary tree. Surgical treatment, when needed, is almost unanimously summarized in the creation of a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, a procedure with a relatively high associated failure rate. <b>Presentation of case</b>: A 70-year-old male, diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis, was submitted to a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy due to a dominant stricture of the extrahepatic biliary tree. Recurrent episodes of acute cholangitis dictated a workup in the direction of a possible stenosis at the level of the anastomosis. The imaging studies were inconclusive while both the endoscopic and the transhepatic approach failed to assess the status of the anastomosis. A laparotomy, with the intent to revise a high suspicion for stenosis hepaticojejunostomy, was decided. Intraoperatively, a decision to assess the hepaticojejunostomy prior to the scheduled surgical revision, via endoscopy, was made. In this direction, an enterotomy was made on the short jejunal blind loop in order to gain luminal access and an endoscope was propelled through the enterotomy towards the biliary enteric anastomosis. <b>Results:</b> The inspection of the anastomosis under direct endoscopic vision showed no evidences of stenosis and averted an unnecessary, under these circumstances, revision of the anastomosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> The surgical revision of a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is a highly demanding operation with an increased associated morbidity, and it should be reserved as the final resort in the treatment algorithm. An approach of utilizing surgery to facilitate the endoscopic assessment prior to proceeding to the surgical revision of the anastomosis appears justified.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10224189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological Features of Invasive Breast Cancer: A Five-Year Retrospective Study in Southern and South-Western Ethiopia.","authors":"Esmael Besufikad Belachew,&nbsp;Adey Feleke Desta,&nbsp;Dinksira Bekele Deneke,&nbsp;Bizunesh Dires Fenta,&nbsp;Alemwosen Teklehaymanot Alem,&nbsp;Abdo Kedir Abafogi,&nbsp;Fekade Yerakly Lukas,&nbsp;Mesele Bezabih,&nbsp;Dareskedar Tsehay Sewasew,&nbsp;Eva J Kantelhardt,&nbsp;Tesfaye Sisay Tessema,&nbsp;Rawleigh Howe","doi":"10.3390/medicines10050030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10050030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in Ethiopia. The incidence of BC is also rising, but the exact figure is still poorly known. Therefore, this study was conducted to address the gap in epidemiological data on BC in southern and southwestern Ethiopia. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This is a five-year (2015-2019) retrospective study. The demographic and clinicopathological data were collected from biopsy reports of different kinds of breast carcinomas in the pathology department of Jimma University Specialized Hospital and Hawassa University Specialized Referral Hospital. Histopathological grades and stages were conducted using Nottingham grading and TNM staging system, respectively. Collected data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version-20 software. <b>Results:</b> The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 42.27 (SD = 13.57) years. The pathological stage of most BC patients was stage III, and most of them had tumor sizes greater than 5 cm. Most patients had moderately differentiated tumor grade, and mastectomy was the most common type of surgery at the time of diagnosis. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histological type of BC, followed by invasive lobular carcinoma. Lymph node involvement was seen in 60.5% of cases. Lymph node involvement was associated with tumor size (χ² = 8.55, <i>p</i> = 0.033) and type of surgery (χ² = 39.69, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that BC patients in southern and southwestern Ethiopia displayed advanced pathological stages, relatively young age at diagnosis, and predominant invasive ductal carcinoma histological patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10223251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9538397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Use in Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Pierre-Louis Naillon,&nbsp;Valentin Flaudias,&nbsp;Georges Brousse,&nbsp;Catherine Laporte,&nbsp;Julien S Baker,&nbsp;Valentin Brusseau,&nbsp;Aurélie Comptour,&nbsp;Marek Zak,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois,&nbsp;Frédéric Dutheil","doi":"10.3390/medicines10050029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10050029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Cannabis use by physicians can be detrimental for them and their patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of cannabis use by medical doctors (MDs)/students. <b>Method</b>: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PsycInfo and ScienceDirect were searched for studies reporting cannabis use in MDs/students. For each frequency of use (lifetime/past year/past month/daily), we stratified a random effect meta-analysis depending on specialties, education level, continents, and periods of time, which were further compared using meta-regressions. <b>Results</b>: We included 54 studies with a total of 42,936 MDs/students: 20,267 MDs, 20,063 medical students, and 1976 residents. Overall, 37% had used cannabis at least once over their lifetime, 14% over the past year, 8% over the past month and 1.1 per thousand (‱) had a daily use. Medical students had a greater cannabis use than MDs over their lifetime (38% vs. 35%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), the past year (24% vs. 5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and the past month (10% vs. 2%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), without significance for daily use (0.5% vs. 0.05%, NS). Insufficient data precluded comparisons among medical specialties. MDs/students from Asian countries seemed to have the lowest cannabis use: 16% over their lifetime, 10% in the past year, 1% in the past month, and 0.4% daily. Regarding periods of time, cannabis use seems to follow a U-shape, with a high use before 1990, followed by a decrease between 1990 and 2005, and a rebound after 2005. Younger and male MDs/students had the highest cannabis use. <b>Conclusions</b>: If more than a third of MDs tried cannabis at least once in their lifetime, this means its daily use is low but not uncommon (1.1‱). Medical students are the biggest cannabis users. Despite being common worldwide, cannabis use is predominant in the West, with a rebound since 2005 making salient those public health interventions during the early stage of medical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10221702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9538398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin-Induced Enhancement of Nasal Epithelial Cells' Ability to Produce Clara Cell 10-kD Protein In Vitro and In Vivo.","authors":"Amane Otaki,&nbsp;Atsuko Furuta,&nbsp;Kazuhito Asano","doi":"10.3390/medicines10040028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10040028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid found in various plants and foods, is known to have antioxidant, antiviral and anticancer effects. Although quercetin is well known to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, the precise mechanisms by which quercetin favorably modifies the clinical status of allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis (AR), remain unclear. The present study examined whether quercetin could modulate the production of the endogenous anti-inflammatory molecule, Clara cell 10-kD protein (CC10), in vitro and in vivo. <b>Methods:</b> Human nasal epithelial cells (1 × 10⁵ cells/mL) were stimulated with 20 ng/mL of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in the presence of quercetin for 24 h. CC10 levels in culture supernatants were examined by ELISA. Sprague Dawley rats were sensitised with toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) by intranasal instillation of 10% TDI in ethyl acetate at a volume of 5.0 μL once daily for five days. This sensitisation procedure was repeated after an interval of two days. The rats were treated with different dosages of quercetin once daily for five days starting on the 5th day following the second sensitization. Nasal allergy-like symptoms induced by the bilateral application of 5.0 μL of 10% TDI were assessed by counting sneezing and nasal-rubbing behaviours for 10 min immediately after the TDI nasal challenge. The levels of CC10 in nasal lavage fluids obtained 6 h after TDI nasal challenge were examined using ELISA. <b>Results:</b> The treatment of cells with low doses of quercetin (<2.5 μM) scarcely affected TNF-induced CC10 production from nasal epithelial cells. However, the ability of nasal epithelial cells to produce CC10 after TNF stimulation significantly increased on treatment with quercetin doses (>5.0 μM). The oral administration of quercetin (>25 mg/kg) for five days significantly increased the CC10 content in nasal lavage fluids and attenuated the nasal symptoms induced by the TDI nasal challenge. <b>Conclusions:</b> Quercetin inhibits AR development by increasing the ability of nasal epithelial cells to produce CC10.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10143719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9425900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Antibody Titers after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination-Insights from Self-Paid Tests at a General Internal Medicine Clinic.","authors":"Hiroshi Kusunoki,&nbsp;Kazumi Ekawa,&nbsp;Masakazu Ekawa,&nbsp;Nozomi Kato,&nbsp;Keita Yamasaki,&nbsp;Masaharu Motone,&nbsp;Hideo Shimizu","doi":"10.3390/medicines10040027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10040027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The rise in antibody titers against the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its duration are considered an important indicator for confirming the effect of a COVID-19 vaccine, and self-paid tests of antibody titer are conducted in many facilities nationwide. <b>Methods</b>: The relationship between the number of days after the second and third dose of vaccines, age, and antibody titer was determined from the medical records of general internal medicine clinics that conducted self-paid testing of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche Diagnostics); the relationship between the number of days after two or more doses of vaccines and antibody titer was also determined. We also examined the antibody titers in cases of spontaneous infection with SARS-CoV-2 after two or more doses of the vaccine. <b>Results</b>: Log-transformed SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers measured within 1 month from the second or third dose of vaccine showed a negative correlation with age (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the log-transformed antibody titers also showed a negative correlation trend with the number of days after the second dose of vaccine (<i>p</i> = 0.055); however, there were no significant correlations between the log-transformed antibody titers and the number of days after the third dose of vaccine. The median antibody titer after the third vaccination was 18,300 U/mL, more than 10 times the median antibody titer after the second dose of vaccine, of 1185 U/mL. There were also some cases of infection after the third or fourth dose of vaccine, with antibody titers in the tens of thousands of U/ml after infection, but the patients still received further booster vaccinations after the infection. <b>Conclusions</b>: The antibody titers after the third vaccination did not attenuate after a short follow-up period of one month, while they tended to attenuate after the second vaccination. It is considered that many people in Japan received further booster vaccinations after spontaneous infection, even though they already had antibody titers in the tens of thousands of U/mL due to \"hybrid immunity\" after spontaneous infection following two or more doses of vaccine. The clinical significance of the booster vaccination in this population still needs to be thoroughly investigated and should be prioritized for those with low SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10142734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9425902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidity Patterns in Patients at Cardiovascular Hospital Admission.","authors":"Cezara-Andreea Soysaler,&nbsp;Cătălina Liliana Andrei,&nbsp;Octavian Ceban,&nbsp;Crina-Julieta Sinescu","doi":"10.3390/medicines10040026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10040026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension frequently coexists with obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or metabolic syndrome, anditsassociation with cardiovascular disease is well established. The identification and management of these risk factors is an important part of overall patient management. In this paper, we find the most relevant patterns of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases, consideringaspects of their comorbidities, such as triglycerides, cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. To find the most relevant patterns, several clusterizations were made, playing with the dimensions of comorbidity and the number of clusters. There are three main patient types who require hospitalization: 20% whose comorbidities are not so severe, 44% with quite severe comorbidities, and 36% with fairly good triglycerides, cholesterol, and diabetes but quite severe hypertension and obesity. The comorbidities, such as triglycerides, cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, were observed in different combinations in patients upon hospital admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10145375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9425899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Phenotypes of Non-Citizen Kidney Transplant Recipients in the United States by Machine Learning Consensus Clustering.","authors":"Charat Thongprayoon,&nbsp;Pradeep Vaitla,&nbsp;Caroline C Jadlowiec,&nbsp;Napat Leeaphorn,&nbsp;Shennen A Mao,&nbsp;Michael A Mao,&nbsp;Fahad Qureshi,&nbsp;Wisit Kaewput,&nbsp;Fawad Qureshi,&nbsp;Supawit Tangpanithandee,&nbsp;Pajaree Krisanapan,&nbsp;Pattharawin Pattharanitima,&nbsp;Prakrati C Acharya,&nbsp;Pitchaphon Nissaisorakarn,&nbsp;Matthew Cooper,&nbsp;Wisit Cheungpasitporn","doi":"10.3390/medicines10040025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10040025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Better understanding of the different phenotypes/subgroups of non-U.S. citizen kidney transplant recipients may help the transplant community to identify strategies that improve outcomes among non-U.S. citizen kidney transplant recipients. This study aimed to cluster non-U.S. citizen kidney transplant recipients using an unsupervised machine learning approach; Methods: We conducted a consensus cluster analysis based on recipient-, donor-, and transplant- related characteristics in non-U.S. citizen kidney transplant recipients in the United States from 2010 to 2019 in the OPTN/UNOS database using recipient, donor, and transplant-related characteristics. Each cluster's key characteristics were identified using the standardized mean difference. Post-transplant outcomes were compared among the clusters; Results: Consensus cluster analysis was performed in 11,300 non-U.S. citizen kidney transplant recipients and identified two distinct clusters best representing clinical characteristics. Cluster 1 patients were notable for young age, preemptive kidney transplant or dialysis duration of less than 1 year, working income, private insurance, non-hypertensive donors, and Hispanic living donors with a low number of HLA mismatch. In contrast, cluster 2 patients were characterized by non-ECD deceased donors with KDPI <85%. Consequently, cluster 1 patients had reduced cold ischemia time, lower proportion of machine-perfused kidneys, and lower incidence of delayed graft function after kidney transplant. Cluster 2 had higher 5-year death-censored graft failure (5.2% vs. 9.8%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), patient death (3.4% vs. 11.4%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), but similar one-year acute rejection (4.7% vs. 4.9%; <i>p</i> = 0.63), compared to cluster 1; Conclusions: Machine learning clustering approach successfully identified two clusters among non-U.S. citizen kidney transplant recipients with distinct phenotypes that were associated with different outcomes, including allograft loss and patient survival. These findings underscore the need for individualized care for non-U.S. citizen kidney transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10144541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9723098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Two Derivative Prescriptions of Rokumijiogan, Hachimijiogan and Bakumijiogan against Renal Damage in Nephrectomized Rats.","authors":"Chan Hum Park,&nbsp;Takashi Tanaka,&nbsp;Yoshie Akimoto,&nbsp;Jin Pyeong Jeon,&nbsp;Takako Yokozawa","doi":"10.3390/medicines10030024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10030024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Hachimijiogan (HJG) and Bakumijiogan (BJG), two derivative prescriptions of Rokumijiogan (RJG), were selected to investigate their renoprotective potential in the 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) rat model. <b>Methods:</b> Rats were treated with HJG and BJG orally at 150 mg/kg body weight/day once daily for 10 weeks after resection of 5/6 of the renal volume, and their renoprotective effects were compared with 5/6Nx vehicle-treated and sham-operated control rats. <b>Results:</b> Improvements in renal lesions, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury, and arteriosclerotic lesions estimated by histologic scoring indices in the HJG-treated group were compared with those in the BJG-treated group. HJG- and BJG-treated groups ameliorated the renal function parameters. Elevated levels of renal oxidative stress-related biomarkers were reduced, while decreased antioxidant defence systems (superoxide dismutase and the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio) were increased in the HJG-treated group rather than the BJG-treated group. In contrast, BJG administration significantly reduced expression of the inflammatory response through oxidative stress. The HJG-treated group showed a decrease in inflammatory mediators through the JNK pathway. To gain a deeper understanding of their therapeutic action, the effects of the main components detected in HJG and BJG were evaluated using the LLC-PK₁ renal tubular epithelial cell line, which is the renal tissue most vulnerable to oxidative stress. Corni Fructus and Moutan Cortex-originated compositions afforded important protection against oxidative stress induced by peroxynitrite. <b>Conclusions:</b> From our described and discussed analyses, it can be concluded that RJG-containing prescriptions, HJG and BJG are an excellent medicine for chronic kidney disease. In the future, appropriately designed clinical studies in people with chronic kidney disease are necessary to evaluate the renoprotective activities of HJG and BJG.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10057953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9204946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Technology Assessment of Different Glucosamine Formulations and Preparations Currently Marketed in Thailand.","authors":"Olivier Bruyère,&nbsp;Johann Detilleux,&nbsp;Jean-Yves Reginster","doi":"10.3390/medicines10030023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10030023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different glucosamine formulations and preparations used for the management of osteoarthritis in Thailand compared with placebo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a validated model to simulate the individual patient Utility score from aggregated data available from 10 different clinical trials. We then used the Utility score to calculate the quality-adjusted life year (QALY) over 3 and 6 months treatment period. We used the public costs of glucosamine products available in Thailand in 2019 to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. We separated the analyses for prescription-grade crystalline glucosamine sulfate (pCGS) and other formulations of glucosamine. A cost-effectiveness cut-off of 3.260 USD/QALY was considered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Irrespective of the glucosamine preparation (tablet or powder/capsule), the data show that pCGS is cost-effective compared with placebo over a 3 and 6 months. However, the other glucosamine formulations (e.g., glucosamine hydrochloride) never reached the breakeven point at any time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data show that pCGS is cost-effective for the management of osteoarthritis in the Thai context while other glucosamine formulations are not.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10059797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9210816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}