Medical review (Berlin, Germany)最新文献_第2页

Selenium compounds for cancer prevention and therapy - human clinical trial considerations. 硒化合物对癌症的预防和治疗——人体临床试验的考虑。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2025-01-06 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0065

Junxuan Lü, Cheng Jiang, Hongbo Hu

{"title":"Selenium compounds for cancer prevention and therapy - human clinical trial considerations.","authors":"Junxuan Lü, Cheng Jiang, Hongbo Hu","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0065","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2024-0065","url":null,"abstract":"Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral crucial for human health. Nearly a dozen human clinical trials with seleno-methionine (SeMet) and selenized-yeast (contains mostly SeMet) for the prevention of non-cutaneous solid organ cancers in North America and European countries conclusively refuted their utility. We have articulated two lessons from these trials: (1) the anti-oxidant hypothesis was tested in inappropriate Se-adequate populations, and (2) the selection of these Se forms was not supported by cell culture and animal efficacy data. Nevertheless, preclinical studies of proximal methylselenol precursors (\"methyl Se\") have shown many desirable attributes, involving crucial molecules and pathways in cancer epithelial cells, vascular endothelial, immune and inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment, for potential use as chemopreventive and therapy agents. Methylseleninic acid and Se-methylselenocysteine are prototypical methyl-Se, yet not equal in their targets. Selenate, selenite and selenious acid had been recently studied in human clinical trials, providing novel safety data, but, missing critical genotoxicity assessments. Given the popularity of Se-enriched foods in China and a continued presence of nutritional Se deficiency in many localities, we discuss recommendations for clinical studies of Se forms for cancer therapy or chemoprevention in China and other countries with similar Se nutrition predicament.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 3","pages":"203-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When biomarkers for major depressive disorder remain elusive. 当重度抑郁症的生物标志物仍然难以捉摸时。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-12-24 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0082

Yao Xiao, Fei Wang, Xizhe Zhang

引用次数: 0

Biomedical applications of organoids in genetic diseases. 类器官在遗传疾病中的生物医学应用。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-12-24 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0077

Wenhua Huang, Seogsong Jeong, Won Kim, Lei Chen

{"title":"Biomedical applications of organoids in genetic diseases.","authors":"Wenhua Huang, Seogsong Jeong, Won Kim, Lei Chen","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2024-0077","url":null,"abstract":"Organoid technology has significantly transformed biomedical research by providing exceptional prospects for modeling human tissues and disorders in a laboratory setting. It has significant potential for understanding the intricate relationship between genetic mutations, cellular phenotypes, and disease pathology, especially in the field of genetic diseases. The intersection of organoid technology and genetic research offers great promise for comprehending the pathophysiology of genetic diseases and creating innovative treatment approaches customized for specific patients. This review aimed to present a thorough analysis of the current advancements in organoid technology and its biomedical applications for genetic diseases. We examined techniques for modeling genetic disorders using organoid platforms, analyze the approaches for incorporating genetic disease organoids into clinical practice, and showcase current breakthroughs in preclinical application, individualized healthcare, and transplantation. Through the integration of knowledge from several disciplines, such as genetics, regenerative medicine, and biological engineering, our aim is to enhance our comprehension of the complex connection between genetic variations and organoid models in relation to human health and disease.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 2","pages":"152-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immune cells in Alzheimer's disease: insights into pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. 阿尔茨海默病的免疫细胞：对发病机制和潜在治疗靶点的见解。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-12-23 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0064

Xiaofeng Fu, Huimin Cai, Shuiyue Quan, Ziye Ren, Yinghao Xu, Longfei Jia

{"title":"Immune cells in Alzheimer's disease: insights into pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.","authors":"Xiaofeng Fu, Huimin Cai, Shuiyue Quan, Ziye Ren, Yinghao Xu, Longfei Jia","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0064","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2024-0064","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder for which there are currently no effective treatment options. Increasing evidence suggests that AD is a systemic disease closely associated with the immune system, not merely a central nervous system (CNS) disorder. Immune cells play crucial roles in the onset and progression of AD. Microglia and astrocytes are the primary inflammatory cells in the brain that can sensitively detect changes in the internal environment and transform into different phenotypes to exert differing effects at various stages of AD. Peripheral immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils can also be recruited to the CNS to mediate the inflammatory response in AD. As such, investigating the role of immune cells in AD is particularly important for elucidating its specific pathogenesis. This review primarily discusses the roles of central innate immune cells, peripheral immune cells, and the interactions between central and peripheral immune cells in the development of neuroinflammation in AD. Furthermore, we listed clinical trials targeting AD-associated neuroinflammation, which may represent a promising direction for developing effective treatments for AD in the future.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 3","pages":"179-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Histone lactylation as a driver of metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion. 组蛋白乳酸化是代谢重编程和免疫逃避的驱动因素。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-12-17 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0091

Qiaoting Cai, Wei Deng, Yutian Zou, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Hailin Tang

{"title":"Histone lactylation as a driver of metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion.","authors":"Qiaoting Cai, Wei Deng, Yutian Zou, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Hailin Tang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0091","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2024-0091","url":null,"abstract":"Lactate is the end product of glycolysis, and extensive research has shown that lactate participates in various pathophysiological processes. Along with associated hydrogen ions, lactate typically functions as an immunosuppressive negative factor and plays a crucial role in tumor metabolic reprogramming. The recently discovered lactylation is a novel epigenetic modification that, similar to other epigenetic modifications, modifies histones to alter chromatin spatial configuration, thereby affecting DNA accessibility and regulating gene expression. More importantly, the degree of lactylation is closely related to local lactate concentrations, establishing a link between epigenetics and metabolic reprogramming. During cellular metabolism, lactate accumulation promotes histone lysine lactylation in cancer cells and immune cells such as macrophages and T cells, playing an essential role in tumor immune evasion and resistance to immunotherapy. This paper details the role of lactylation modifications in cancer immune evasion and resistance to immunotherapy, providing novel therapeutic directions and targets for cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 3","pages":"256-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of fragile X syndrome in South Asia, and importance of diagnosis. 脆性X染色体综合征在南亚的患病率和诊断的重要性。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-11-29 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0060

Aminath Fazna, Randi Jenssen Hagerman

{"title":"Prevalence of fragile X syndrome in South Asia, and importance of diagnosis.","authors":"Aminath Fazna, Randi Jenssen Hagerman","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2024-0060","url":null,"abstract":"Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, leading to a range of developmental and intellectual disabilities. FXS is characterized by intellectual disability, behavior challenges, and distinct physical features such as an elongated face, large ears, and hyperflexible joints; FXS remains the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. Behavioral manifestations often include attention deficits, hyperactivity, anxiety, and features of autism spectrum disorder. The prevalence of FXS in the South Asian population is not well-documented, but existing studies suggest it may be comparable to global prevalence rates, which are approximately 1 in 4,000 males and 1 in 8,000 females. Accurate diagnosis of FXS in South Asians is crucial due to the implications for early intervention and treatment, which can significantly improve the quality of life and developmental outcomes for affected individuals. Early diagnosis also facilitates genetic counselling and family planning, helping to reduce the risk of recurrence in families. Increased awareness and screening in South Asian communities are essential to address the diagnostic gap and ensure timely support for individuals with FXS or disorders associated with the premutation of FMR1.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 2","pages":"164-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: past, present, and future. 阿尔茨海默病的生物流体生物标志物：过去、现在和未来。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0071

Chengyu An, Huimin Cai, Ziye Ren, Xiaofeng Fu, Shuiyue Quan, Longfei Jia

{"title":"Biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: past, present, and future.","authors":"Chengyu An, Huimin Cai, Ziye Ren, Xiaofeng Fu, Shuiyue Quan, Longfei Jia","doi":"10.1515/mr-2023-0071","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2023-0071","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradually progressive neurodegenerative disease with tremendous social and economic burden. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is imperative for effective treatment or prevention of the disease. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers emerge as favorable diagnostic tools due to their relative accessibility and potential for widespread clinical use. This review focuses on the AT(N) biomarker system, which includes biomarkers reflecting AD core pathologies, amyloid deposition, and pathological tau, as well as neurodegeneration. Novel biomarkers associated with inflammation/immunity, synaptic dysfunction, vascular pathology, and α-synucleinopathy, which might contribute to either the pathogenesis or the clinical progression of AD, have also been discussed. Other emerging candidates including non-coding RNAs, metabolites, and extracellular vesicle-based markers have also enriched the biofluid biomarker landscape for AD. Moreover, the review discusses the current challenges of biofluid biomarkers in AD diagnosis and offers insights into the prospective future development.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"4 6","pages":"467-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microplastic exposure is associated with male reproductive health. 接触微塑料与男性生殖健康有关。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0069

Weijia Liu, Zhi Qu, Xuemei Wang, Huailiang Feng, Shaohua Ma, Yichao Zheng, Guimiao Lin, Suli Huang, Qiming Yang, Xihua Feng, Tianling Shen, Nan Liu

引用次数: 0

A stepwise approach to deriving functional β-cells from human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells. 从人胚胎或诱导多能干细胞中逐步获得功能性β细胞的方法。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-10-16 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0039

Clara Farhat, Viktoria Xega, Jun-Li Liu

{"title":"A stepwise approach to deriving functional β-cells from human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells.","authors":"Clara Farhat, Viktoria Xega, Jun-Li Liu","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0039","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2024-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of β-cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is rapidly evolving. Although progress has been made, challenges remain, particularly in achieving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are valuable due to their pluripotent ability. A fixed protocol targeting master regulatory genes initiates stem cells into pancreatic lineage commitment. Due to the observations that a single stem cell can differentiate into multiple cell types depending on various factors and conditions, non-linear differentiation pathways exist. Co-expression of key factors remains essential for successful β-cell differentiation. The mature β-cell marker MAFA plays a critical role in maintaining the differentiation state and preventing dedifferentiation. Recapitulating pancreatic islet clustering enhances physiological responses, offering potential avenues for diabetes treatment. On the other hand, several enhanced differentiation protocols from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have improved the functional insulin producing β-cells generated. These findings, with their potential to revolutionize diabetes treatment, highlight the complexity of β-cell differentiation and guide further advancements in regenerative medicine.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11834748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precision phototherapy and imaging with aggregation-induced emission-based nanoparticles cloaked in macrophage membrane. 巨噬细胞膜中聚集诱导发射纳米粒子的精密光疗和成像。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-09-26 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0041

Quazi T H Shubhra, Laiping Fang, A K M Moshiul Alam

引用次数: 0