Medical review (Berlin, Germany)最新文献

{"title":"Gut mucosal barrier: the frontline of bidirectional regulation of the gut-X axis.","authors":"Xiang Xu, Yaowen Hu, Shuaizhi Ruan, Cheng Peng, Taotao Han, Pengguang Yan, Francis Ka Leung Chan, Jingnan Li","doi":"10.1515/mr-2026-0009","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2026-0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While maintaining absorption and physiological exchange, the gut mucosal barrier prevents microorganisms and their products from freely entering tissues and blood vessels. Therefore, its functional state can affect signals transmitted to distal organs. This review defines the gut-X axis as bidirectional communication between the intestine and extraintestinal systems, and points the intestinal barrier as a selective gatekeeper that regulates thresholds and amplifies gut-derived information flow. We summarize barrier organization, the renewal and repair mechanism to maintain the epithelial integrity under persistent exposure. We then integrate factors shaping barrier steady state, including diet, microbial metabolites, host factors and drugs. Next, we explained how barrier-regulated signal outputs disseminate through immune inflammatory mediators, neural pathways and endocrine metabolic signals, and analyzed how reverse regulation by the brain, liver, lungs and systemic metabolic state reshapes barrier responses. In neuropsychiatric, hepatic, pulmonary, and endocrine metabolic diseases, we focus on the positive feedback cycle, heterogeneity, and the ambiguity in causal direction, and evaluate treatment strategies, covering dietary intervention, microbiota-directed therapies including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and pharmacologic or immunologic methods. Progress will rely on standardized intestinal barrier indicators longitudinal research design to clarify temporal relationship, and hierarchical intervention tests to verify barrier-centered causal hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 4","pages":"287-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal CAR-T cell therapy: overcoming key hurdles on the path to off-the-shelf adoption.","authors":"Zibo Liu, Zhongyao Cai, Junshi Zhang, Xinran Yu, Xuanming Yang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2026-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2026-0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have revolutionized oncology, delivering unprecedented clinical responses in patients with refractory B-cell malignancies. However, the traditional autologous paradigm - encompassing patient-specific leukapheresis, genetic modification, and extensive ex vivo expansion - imposes severe constraints on manufacturing timelines, costs, and global scalability. Allogeneic universal CAR-T (uCAR-T) reimagines this therapeutic unit as an \"off-the-shelf\" cellular medicine, utilizing healthy donor-derived cells produced in standardized batches to overcome the bottlenecks of individualized therapy. Over the past decade, the field has transitioned from foundational proof-of-concept studies in murine models to sophisticated early-phase human clinical trials. This review delineates the core biological and engineering principles of uCAR-T, specifically focusing on the genomic strategies employed to mitigate graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and host-versus-graft disease (HvGD). We synthesize pivotal preclinical and clinical data alongside a comprehensive overview of the current clinical landscape. Furthermore, we highlight the primary translational hurdles remaining: ensuring durable CAR-T persistence and navigating the complexities of innate and adaptive immune rejection. We explore the potential for combination immunotherapies and specialized CAR architectures designed to penetrate solid tumors. Ultimately, uCAR-T is poised to democratize cellular immunotherapy, offering a scalable and transformative therapeutic perspective across diverse disease indications.</p>","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 5","pages":"379-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149278208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status, development and challenges in the treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease.","authors":"Hongru Chen, Xiaodong Mo","doi":"10.1515/mr-2026-0030","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2026-0030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 3","pages":"266-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous jaw bone regeneration: past, present, and future.","authors":"Zhuoran Xu, Wenjie Zhang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2026-0016","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2026-0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jaw bone defects impair oral function and facial aesthetics, reducing patients' quality of life. While significant progress has been achieved in systemic skeletal repair, jaw bone regeneration remains challenging due to its distinct biological and anatomical features compared with long bones. This article systematically traces the evolution of jaw bone regeneration from conventional guided bone regeneration to bioactive scaffold-based tissue engineering. Mechanism-driven strategies tailored for jaw bone regeneration under compromised bone microenvironment are also discussed, with a specific focus on diabetes. A clear understanding of the evolution of strategies for jaw bone regeneration and the challenges posed by impaired bone microenvironment will foster innovation in this field and improve clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 3","pages":"262-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proactive personalized early warning systems: the next frontier in climate-health preparedness.","authors":"Tao Liu, Hejie Wang, Cunrui Huang, Tiantian Li","doi":"10.1515/mr-2026-0028","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2026-0028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 3","pages":"269-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in pharmacotherapy for fibrotic interstitial lung disease.","authors":"Xiaoguo Feng, Mingming Deng, Jinrui Miao, Ziwen Zheng, Gang Hou","doi":"10.1515/mr-2025-0086","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2025-0086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), are characterized by an irreversible decline in lung function and high mortality. While two approved antifibrotic therapies, nintedanib and pirfenidone, have been shown to alter the disease trajectory by slowing its progression, the disease remains incurable. This review summarizes current pharmacological treatments for fibrotic interstitial lung disease (f-ILD), mainly IPF and PPF; highlights novel antifibrotic targets such as the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor; outlines the therapeutic development pipeline; and discusses emerging strategies, including personalized medicine and early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 4","pages":"325-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mother-to-offspring microbial vertical transmission: timing, determinants, and impact on offspring susceptibility to gastrointestinal diseases.","authors":"Ruqiao Duan, Kun Wang, Liping Duan","doi":"10.1515/mr-2026-0008","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2026-0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The establishment of the early-life microbiota is profoundly shaped by microbial vertical transmission from mother to offspring. This review synthesized the current understanding of the timing, determinants, and health implications of mother-to-offspring microbial vertical transmission. We detailed the contentious evidence regarding prenatal microbial transmission and highlighted the well-established roles of intrapartum and postnatal transmission via birth and breastfeeding, respectively. Multiple factors, including delivery mode, gestational age, feeding patterns and antibiotic exposure, are critical modulators of microbial transmission, shaping the initial microbial community. Emerging intervention strategies, such as breastfeeding, probiotic supplementation, vaginal microbiota transplantation, and fecal microbiota transplantation, offer promising avenues for restoring a healthy microbial trajectory when natural transmission is disrupted. This review underscores that vertical transmission is the cornerstone of intergenerational microbiome inheritance and a potential therapeutic target for preventing early-life dysbiosis and associated diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 3","pages":"243-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe trauma care: advances and future directions in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques and information technology support.","authors":"Feifei Jin, Shu Li, Xuemin Zhang, Wei Huang, Jing Zhou, Zhongdi Liu, Pan Hu, Yanqiu Wu, Zixiao Zhang, Lijun Hou, Xiangjun Bai, Tianbing Wang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2026-0003","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2026-0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe trauma continues to rank among the leading causes of mortality and permanent disability globally, posing an intractable public health challenge that mandates prompt sophisticated and multidisciplinary intervention. Notably, the \"Chinese model\" has evolved into a transformative paradigm designed to optimize the efficiency of prehospital and in-hospital trauma rescue systems. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of paradigm-shifting advances in the management of severe trauma. We systematically scrutinize the latest clinical and translational evidence underpinning life-saving resuscitation strategies, with a particular focus on the paradigm shift from aggressive crystalloid-based resuscitation to hemostatic damage control resuscitation Furthermore, we delve into innovations in core damage control techniques encompassing hemorrhage control, decompression of compartment syndromes, skeletal stabilization, and surgical source control of contamination. We also evaluate the revolutionary impact of information technology and artificial intelligence on streamlining trauma care workflows, from prehospital triage to postdischarge follow-up. Additionally, through a cross-country comparison of trauma system configurations, we address the pivotal role of standardized quality control metrics and centralized trauma registries in mitigating regional disparities in trauma care outcomes. By synthesizing these cutting-edge developments, this review endeavors to explore future directions for the construction of a more resilient and intelligent high-performance trauma care system. Looking ahead, the integration of advanced technologies, personalized medicine, and cross-border collaboration holds promise for further enhancing trauma care efficiency and equity, ensuring that trauma systems evolve to meet the challenges of increasingly complex and dynamic healthcare environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 3","pages":"175-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond weight loss: toward phenotype-guided, regionally calibrated interventions in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).","authors":"Pallav Sengupta, Sulagna Dutta","doi":"10.1515/mr-2026-0007","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2026-0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) management mainly revolves around general lifestyle modifications that almost always include weight loss, an approach that fails to reflect the biological and ethnic diversity of the condition. Clinical and epidemiological evidences are suggestive of PCOS-associated metabolic and reproductive risk varying markedly across phenotypes and populations. These include obese, hyperandrogenic presentations to metabolically vulnerable women with lean-PCOS. Thus, universal lifestyle advice frequently delivers inconsistent or limited benefit. In this article, we propose a phenotype-guided and regionally informed approach to lifestyle intervention that incorporates hormonal, metabolic, and contextual factors, and this may allow PCOS care to move toward more precise and clinically meaningful intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 2","pages":"162-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding DNA metabolism and its clinical relevance through the lens of high-throughput sequencing assays.","authors":"Jingzhi Luo, Fanyu Zhao, Shuyan Lin, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1515/mr-2025-0082","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2025-0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eukaryotic DNA metabolism, involving DNA replication and damage repair, ensures the faithful transmission of genetic information and is essential for maintaining genome integrity. Consequently, its dysregulation contributes to a broad spectrum of human diseases, including cancer and pregnancy loss. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) assays have enabled genome-wide, single-cell, and even single-molecule analyses of DNA metabolism dynamics within their native chromatin context, profoundly expanding our capacity to dissect these processes <i>in vivo</i> and to evaluate their clinical significance. In this review, we summarize HTS-based technologies that profile the entire DNA replication program, spanning initiation, elongation, termination, and replication timing, as well as the diverse pathways involved in DNA damage detection and repair. We further highlight how these approaches have been leveraged to investigate fundamental biological processes and translational applications, with particular emphasis on early embryonic development, cancer, and genome editing. Collectively, these advances illustrate how HTS has bridged molecular mechanisms with physiological and clinical insights, while pointing toward future directions including telomere-to-telomere genome analysis, single-cell multi-omics integration, and precision genomic medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"6 3","pages":"219-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}