African Journal of Biotechnology最新文献_第9页

Identification of potential seed storage protein responsible for bruchid resistance in common bean landraces from Tanzania and Malawi 坦桑尼亚和马拉维普通豆地方品种抗野糙肠病潜在种子贮藏蛋白的鉴定

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2021.17354

N. Caroline, Protas Massawe Deogracious, Muhamba Tryphone George, Robert Myers James, William Davis Joel, Mbogo Kusolwa Paul

{"title":"Identification of potential seed storage protein responsible for bruchid resistance in common bean landraces from Tanzania and Malawi","authors":"N. Caroline, Protas Massawe Deogracious, Muhamba Tryphone George, Robert Myers James, William Davis Joel, Mbogo Kusolwa Paul","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17354","url":null,"abstract":"Bean bruchids are among the most devastating insect pests of common bean that can inflict huge losses in storage. To identify potential resistance to these pests, screening was performed at Sokoine University of Agriculture. Two resistant landraces were identified, viz Kalubungula and KK25. Recombinant inbred (RI) KSy, KSw and ML populations were created from crosses between Soya × Kalubungula, Soworo × Kalubungula and Nagaga × KK25, respectively. Seed storage proteins were characterized and sequenced in RI population progenies to determine if phenotypic resistance was associated with α-amylase inhibitor – phytohemagglutinin – arcelin (APA) storage proteins. We found no association between the seed storage proteins observed in Kalubungula and its recombinant inbred lines with an APA protein. KK25 and its progenies had Arcelin-5, Leucoagglutinin, Erythroagglutinin and a hypothetical seed storage protein that conditions antibiosis effects as a resistance mechanism. The hypothetical seed storage protein observed in these lines may contribute to enhanced resistance. arcelin, Acanthoscelides obtectus , Zabrotes subfasciatus , common beans.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44191747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Molecular and morphological identification of fungi causing canker and dieback diseases on Vangueria infausta (Burch) subsp. rotundata (Robyns) and Berchemia discolor (Klotzsch) Hemsl in lower Eastern Kenya Vangueria infausta（Burch）亚种溃疡病和枯死病病原真菌的分子和形态学鉴定。肯尼亚下东部的rotundata（Robyns）和Berchemia discolo（Klotzsch）Hemsl

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2020.17297

Karani Susan, Njuguna Jane, R. Steven, Muchugi N Alice, Machua Joseph, Mwaniki Phoebe

引用次数: 2

Effect of foliar application of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers on nutrient uptake and protein content of maize 叶面施氮、磷、钾对玉米养分吸收和蛋白质含量的影响

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2021.17383

N. D., R. S, X. F., M. F., R. F, Rukangantambara H.

{"title":"Effect of foliar application of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers on nutrient uptake and protein content of maize","authors":"N. D., R. S, X. F., M. F., R. F, Rukangantambara H.","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17383","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of foliar application of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizers on nutritional status and yield of maize ( Zea mays L.) were investigated through a study conducted in a zonal agricultural research station of University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Bengaluru (India). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of two levels of soil application (75 and 100%) of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and foliar applications of NPK (19:19:19). The fertilizers were applied at 6-leaf, tasselling, knee height and tasseling growth stages. Nutrient uptake, protein content and available soil nutrients at harvest were analyzed. Results indicated that soil application of 100% RDF along with foliar sprays of NPK at knee height and tasselling stages significantly produced the highest levels of N, P and K uptake (306.60, 100.57 and 216.24 kg ha -1 , respectively) and maximum protein content (11.5%). Use of this fertilizer treatment also resulted into highest available soil N (273.74 kg ha -1 ), P (59.45 kg ha -1 ) and K (204.88 kg ha -1 ). The combined soil application of 100% RDF and foliar application of NPK at knee height and tasseling stages has potential to increase nutrient supply and protein content of the maize crop.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44764345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Genetic diversity analysis of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] races in Ethiopia using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers 利用SSR标记对埃塞俄比亚高粱（sorghum bicolor（L.）Moench）小种的遗传多样性分析

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2021.17409

Olani Gamachu, F. Tileye, D. Tesfaye

{"title":"Genetic diversity analysis of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] races in Ethiopia using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers","authors":"Olani Gamachu, F. Tileye, D. Tesfaye","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17409","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], is believed to be originated in Ethiopia and Sudan. Although, many morphological and molecular diversity studies reveal the existence of genetic variations with sorghum populations, their distribution within basic races were not considered. Hence, the present study aimed to analyze the extent and distribution of genetic variation within basic Ethiopian sorghum landraces using SSR markers. A total of 107 landraces obtained from Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) representing 12 ecological zones grouped according to their race types based on inflorescence and spiklet on field at their maturity time. Twelve SSR markers revealed a total of 110 alleles with average polymorphic content of 0.76 and the allele frequencies show 42 of them were rare (less than 0.05), 22 ranged from 0.05 to 0.1, while 46 of them were higher than 0.1. Expected and observed heterozygosity were 0.78 and 0.2, respectively. The genetic differentiation between populations were also moderate (FST=0.07 for races and 0.13 for E/zones) indicating continuous exchange of genes among them. Partitioning the total genetic variation also indicated 61.38 and 55.17% of the variations were among individuals within racial and zonal populations, respectively. Neighbor-Joining cluster analysis also indicated four major grouping of the landraces according to their racial groups where majority of race caudatum and durra form separate groups while intermediate durra-bicolor form two separate subclusters. Overall locus, the intra-racial population diversity showed the greatest genetic diversity (He=0.77 and 0.75) among race dura-bicolor and caudatum, respectively. Information with sorghum races along their important agronomic traits could be used for conservation and future breeding programs of sorghum.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44973743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Statistical modeling of effective doses in hormetic dose-response relationships by reparameterization of a bilogistic model for inverted U-shaped curves 利用倒u形曲线的生物学模型的重新参数化，对辐照剂量-反应关系中有效剂量的统计建模

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2021.17359

O. N. Christian, R. Oluchukwu, J. Chukwudi, N. O. Reuben

{"title":"Statistical modeling of effective doses in hormetic dose-response relationships by reparameterization of a bilogistic model for inverted U-shaped curves","authors":"O. N. Christian, R. Oluchukwu, J. Chukwudi, N. O. Reuben","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17359","url":null,"abstract":"Hormesis is a biphasic dose (concentration)-response phenomenon characterized by low dose stimulatory and high dose inhibitory effects exerted by stressors on living organisms. Recently, there has been increased interest in the phenomenon and statistical models for its exploration in toxicological studies. The bilogistic model of Beckon et al. is one of such models for modeling biphasic dose-response relationships in toxicological studies. However, there is no explicit formula for the estimation of effective doses (EDK) with the model. In this study, a simple general approach was suggested to reparameterize the model, leading to a range of mathematical models for determination of effective doses at both stimulatory and inhibitory ranges in inverted U-shaped hormetic dose-response relationships. The reparameterized models were tested on experimental data from three different in vitro experimental systems obtained from literature and our experiment. They were successfully applied to test for significance of hormesis and estimate effective doses and their statistical properties. In addition, reparameterization of the model for a particular effective dose (EDK) did not affect estimation of other parameters (such as x1, x2, β1, β2 and M). The reparameterized models provided useful tools for adequate exploration of the tested hormetic dose-response relationships. The extended models could hopefully be versatile in characterization of variable hormetic dose response relationships in many toxicological disciplines.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45835576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Advances on the application of non-coding RNA in crop improvement 非编码RNA在作物改良中的应用进展

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2021.17348

Guta Dekeba Diriba

{"title":"Advances on the application of non-coding RNA in crop improvement","authors":"Guta Dekeba Diriba","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17348","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to committed plant breeding researchers over the few decades, many problems associated with food supply and qualities have been improved. Food security is an exceptionally serious worldwide issue via world climate change, the increase in human population, and the use of plants for bioethanol production in current years. Improved tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress, resistance to herbicides, improved yield, and plants with wonderful nutritional value are essential goals of crop improvement. RNAi applications are the modern innovation that can assist in the solution for these issues. A natural protection mechanism against invading viruses, nucleic acids, and transposons non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are identified as effector molecules in RNA-mediated gene silencing and used in the genetic modification of crops. These ncRNAs are concerned with the regulation of growth, development, and response to stress at the transcriptional and translational levels. Improving crop yields is the final purpose of molecular plant breeding. ncRNAs, along with transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been recognized as essential regulators of gene expression in plants in plant immunity and adaptation to abiotic and abiotic stages biotic stress.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46879251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Antioxidative and anti-aging activities of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai extracts fermented with lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus brevis 植物乳杆菌和短乳杆菌发酵的Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai提取物的抗氧化和抗衰老活性

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2021.17385

KiBeom Lee, Ju Hyun Park, Y. Kim

{"title":"Antioxidative and anti-aging activities of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai extracts fermented with lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus brevis","authors":"KiBeom Lee, Ju Hyun Park, Y. Kim","doi":"10.5897/AJB2021.17385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2021.17385","url":null,"abstract":"Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai is a deciduous shrub that belongs to Oleaceae Abeliophyllum and grows only in Korea. In this study, the antioxidative activity, cytotoxicity, anti-aging activity, and levels of acteoside and isoacteoside were compared between non-fermented and fermented (using Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis) extracts of A. distichum Nakai. The cytotoxicity of these extracts, along with their ability to inhibit elastase activity and Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression, and their ability to promote type I procollagen synthesis were investigated in human dermal fibroblasts cells. These tests revealed that the fermented extract possessed higher antioxidant and anti-aging activities compared with the non-fermented extract. The levels of acteoside and isoacteoside were about 1.25 and 1.05 times higher in the fermented extract than in the non-fermented extract. It was speculated that they were converted from acteoside glucosides and isoacteoside glucosides via bioconversion by the fermentation strains. Together, these findings indicate that extracts of A. distichum Nakai show good potential as antioxidative and anti-aging cosmetic materials. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, fermentation, antioxidative activity, anti-aging activity.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49559908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sales environment, microbiological and biochemical quality of beef skins intended for human consumption 人用牛肉皮的销售环境、微生物和生化质量

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2021.17381

Sina Haziz, Chabi-Sika Kamirou, Hamidou Soule Abdou, D. Durand, B. Bawa, M. Chantal, Ahyi Virgile, Baba-Moussa Farid, A. Adolphe, B. Lamine

引用次数: 0

Adenine sulfate and glutamine enhanced shoots multiplication in Jatropha curcas L. a potent biofuel plant 硫酸腺嘌呤和谷氨酰胺促进麻疯树芽增殖

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2021.17364

A. Ismail, Tsuchimoto Suguru, Sakai Hiroe, Wada Naoki, Fukui Kiichi

引用次数: 1

Phytochemical and in-vitro antioxidant properties of ethyl acetate leave extract of Dryopteris dilatata on Wistar rats 毛缕草乙酸乙酯叶提取物对Wistar大鼠的植物化学及体外抗氧化性能研究

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2021.17339

Ajirioghene E. Akpotu, C. Ani, Toby Agiopu, A. Okeke, F. Agu, Nnaemeka Ugwuchukwu, P. Ugwudike, C. Eze, J. Uzoigwe, Pamela Anyaeji, S. Ghasi

引用次数: 1