African Journal of Biotechnology最新文献_第10页

Control of ginseng leaf black spot disease by endophytic fungi 内生真菌防治人参叶黑斑病的研究

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2018.16696

Zhou Chunyuan, Xu Shiquan, Piao Xiangmin, Yan Meixia, Cui Lili, Wang Yingping

引用次数: 2

Changes in some behavioral, hematological and biochemical indices of air-breathing Clarias gariepinus [BUCHELL, 1822] exposed to pharmaceutical effluent 暴露于制药废水中的呼吸性Clarias gariepinus的一些行为、血液学和生化指标的变化[BUCHELL, 1822]

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2018.16673

M. Ogundiran, T. Ayandiran

{"title":"Changes in some behavioral, hematological and biochemical indices of air-breathing Clarias gariepinus [BUCHELL, 1822] exposed to pharmaceutical effluent","authors":"M. Ogundiran, T. Ayandiran","doi":"10.5897/AJB2018.16673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2018.16673","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed at evaluating the behavioral, biochemical and hematological effects of pharmaceutical effluent in laboratory population of Clarias gariepinus using a static renewal bioassay system. Fish specimens were collected and exposed to five (0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.12 mgL-1) sublethal concentrations of the effluent including a control experiment. Different dose dependent behavioral responses such as erratic swimming, gasp for breath, restlessness, and constant upward movement were observed in exposed fish. There was a steady decrease in the value of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) as concentrations increase compared to the control stock. White blood cell count was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher as the concentration of the test medium increases. Irregular level of lymphocytes and granulocytes across all concentrations was observed and levels of lymphocytes and granulocytes were significantly (p<0.05) increased in all effluent-treated fish samples during the exposure period. Different levels of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, etc., were obtained in the control and effluent-treated fish samples (p<0.05). The levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (serum enzymes) and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the exposed C. gariepinus. The hematological and biochemical alterations in the effluent treated C. gariepinus, which were strongly indicative of cellular damages. This might be attributed to toxic effects of the phamarceutical effluent. Consequently, direct discharged of untreated or partially treated pharmaceutical effluent should be discouraged as this calls for public health concern. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hematology, biochemical, pharmaceutical, Clarias gariepinus, effluent.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of light quality on in vitro germination, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigments production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 光品质对小麦离体萌发、幼苗生长及光合色素产生的影响

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2021.17329

Felix Blidar Cristian, Semiredana Chis Remalia, Rodica Bota Sanda, Serban Georgeta, Delia Stanasel Oana

引用次数: 2

CRISPR/Cas genome editing: A frontier for transforming precision cassava breeding CRISPR/Cas基因组编辑:转化木薯精准育种的前沿

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2021.17344

Bicko Steve Juma, C. Mweu, M. Piero, W. Mbinda

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas genome editing: A frontier for transforming precision cassava breeding","authors":"Bicko Steve Juma, C. Mweu, M. Piero, W. Mbinda","doi":"10.5897/AJB2021.17344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2021.17344","url":null,"abstract":"Improved agricultural production of essential crops through advanced breeding is important for increasing access to nutritious food for the world's rapidly growing population, which is expected to reach 9.8 billion by 2050. Recent advancements in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing process, which uses single-guide RNA for genome editing, have made it easy, stable and efficient tool for targeted gene mutations, knockout and knock-in/replacement to boost crop yield. The CRISPR/Cas method is constantly being improved, and its applications have greatly expanded. It can be used to modify the genome sequence of any organism, including plants like cassava, to achieve the desired trait. As a result, CRISPR/Cas is regarded as a game-changing technology in plant biology. Here, we discuss the principles of operation, implementations and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 for efficient processing of individual genes in cassava cultures. Recent work on cassava crop with regards to the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for the plant improvement was also addressed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Manihot esculenta, CRISPR/Cas9, genome editing, gRNA, protospacer adjacent motif (PAM).","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47906125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Imaging from anatomic to molecular and atomic resolution scales: A review 从解剖学到分子和原子分辨率的成像：综述

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2016.15696

P. Kamweru

引用次数: 1

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of AgNPS mediated by Ocimum sanctum 茜草介导AgNPS的合成、表征及抗菌活性研究

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2020.17292

V. A., S. R.

引用次数: 0

Precise assessment of angular leaf spot severity using the Leaf Doctor app for common beans 使用叶子医生应用程序对普通豆进行角斑严重程度的精确评估

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2021.17324

Panhoca de Almeida Caléo, Francesco Janini Bonfante Gabriel, Fausto de Carvalho Paulino Jean, Cristina de Deus Bianca, Rodrigues Alves Patrício Flávia, Augusto Morais Carbonell Sérgio, Fernando Chiorato Alisson, Lasry Benchimol-Reis Luciana

引用次数: 1

Molecular characterization of bacteria strians isolated from JIKO: A herbal preparation consumed in some parts of Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria 从JIKO分离的细菌条纹的分子特征：尼日利亚卡杜纳大都市部分地区食用的草药制剂

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2020.17260

E. Kereakede, M. Abdulsalami, N. Egbe, V. Yilwa, E. E. Oaikhena, E. O. Oladapo, A. Danjuma, K. Onuh

{"title":"Molecular characterization of bacteria strians isolated from JIKO: A herbal preparation consumed in some parts of Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"E. Kereakede, M. Abdulsalami, N. Egbe, V. Yilwa, E. E. Oaikhena, E. O. Oladapo, A. Danjuma, K. Onuh","doi":"10.5897/AJB2020.17260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2020.17260","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal products are considered as phytomedicines which are used as complementary medicine and without adequate monitoring they are leased straightaway into the market. Preparation, transportation and handling of these products can lead to high microbial contamination which can be harmful to human health. The aim of this research was to molecularly characterize some multiple resistance bacteria obtained from JIKO which is a herbal preparation consumed in some parts of Kaduna metropolis. The genomic DNA was extracted from each bacteria isolates, 16s rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced. The sequenced obtained from the amplified genes were analyzed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) of the National Center for Biotechnology Institute database to compare the genes with the exist genes with ones in GENbank. The results obtained confirmed the identities of four bacteria isolates: Three Bacillus cereus and a Serratia species. It was concluded that herbal products can contain some bacterial contaminants if not properly handled. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Herbal, phytomedicines, contaminants, genomic.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":"159-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46412230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Investigation of the anti-bacterial properties of mangrove fern, Acrostichum aureum in the Niger Delta, Nigeria 尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲红树蕨的抗菌特性研究

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2021.17307

Aroloye O. Numbere, E. Maduike

{"title":"Investigation of the anti-bacterial properties of mangrove fern, Acrostichum aureum in the Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Aroloye O. Numbere, E. Maduike","doi":"10.5897/AJB2021.17307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2021.17307","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves render several ecosystem services globally, one of which is pharmacological products. This study was done to verify whether Acrostichum aureum, a species of mangrove, common in the Niger Delta has anti-bacterial property. Several leaf samples were plucked from the trees at Eagle Island and placed in a cooler and sent to the lab for further analysis. The leaves were dried and ground into fine powder with manual grinding machine and 100 g of the powdered sample was measured and placed in 1000 ml of each of the extraction solvents (hot water and methanol). Five different concentrations (32.25 mg/ml, 65.5 mg/ml, 125 mg/l, 250 mg/l and 500 mg/l) were made from each of the extracts using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Furthermore, bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were isolated and a stock of each sample was made in agar slant and stored in the refrigerator at 4°C. Mueller Hinton Sensitivity Agar (MHA) medium was prepared in agar and triplicate discs of each of the concentrations made from the two extracts were placed on the medium (MHA). The zone of inhibition in diameter in all plates was measured and analyzed statistically using R statistics. The result revealed that there is a significant difference in the growth of the microbes on the different concentrations of A. aureum (F4, 100 = 4.02, P = 0.01). A. aureum had higher effect on E. coli and S. aureus. Similarly, the higher the concentrations of the extracts the more effective it is in controlling the bacteria. Finally, the study revealed that A. aureum has antibacterial properties that can be employed in drug production to treat common diseases prevalent in the region. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antibiotics, bacteria, Niger Delta, mangrove, microbial species, medicinal products.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":"142-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49390439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Composition and balance of the analytical fractionation of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca L.) seeds harvested in Senegal 塞内加尔收获的沙漠椰枣（Balanites aegyptiaca L.）种子分析分级的组成和平衡

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2021.17327

Djibril Diedhiou, M. Faye, C. Laure, Virginie Vendenbossche, G. Vilarem, O. Sock, L. Rigal

{"title":"Composition and balance of the analytical fractionation of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca L.) seeds harvested in Senegal","authors":"Djibril Diedhiou, M. Faye, C. Laure, Virginie Vendenbossche, G. Vilarem, O. Sock, L. Rigal","doi":"10.5897/AJB2021.17327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2021.17327","url":null,"abstract":"The desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca L.) can be one of the most common trees in Senegal. Thus, the objective is to carry out an analytical fractionation of these seeds to consider prospects for valuing the different constituents and a diagram of fractionation processes. The physical characterization of the seeds made it possible to know the fruit-seed and kernel-hull proportions. The chemical composition of the seeds shows that three main fractions represent 90% of its dry matter: The fibrous (68%), the lipid (14%) and the proteins (nearly 9%). The kernel is made up of 34.50% (80% of the lipid) and 28.75% of proteins (or 93% of the protein) while the hull is essentially fibrous, 90% contains 85% of the fibers. The high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids oleic and linoleic (73%) associated with those of saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) in high proportions (27%) and the high contents of sterols (2.11 g/kg), and in tocopherols (512.40 mg/kg), make desert date oil an excellent food oil. On the other hand, it has qualities that make it suitable for use in various non-food applications. Proteins are made up of three main amino acids: glutamic acid (20.35%), arginine (14.42%) and aspartic acid (11.29%). The amino acid composition is close to that of oil seeds whose cakes are widely used in animal or even human food. Given their essentially lignocellulosic composition, the hulls obtained from shelling can be used as fuel or be extruded and used for the manufacture of composite agro-materials. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Desert date, Balanites aegyptiaca, seeds, analytical fractionation, proteins, lipids.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":"150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49631611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0