{"title":"Effect of Postharvest and Industrial Processing on Glucosinolate from Broccoli: A Review","authors":"Zhen‐Xing Tang","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.168.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.168.183","url":null,"abstract":": Glucosinolate, is a kind of bioactive sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, which are mainly distributed in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower turnip, and radish. In recent years, Glucosinolate has been widely studied for its anticancer and cardiovascular activities. The types and contents of Glucosinolate in broccoli are related to many factors, such as the cultivars, growth environment and stages, postharvest practices, and processing treatments. To make full use of the potential activities of Glucosinolate, the effects of postharvest practices and food processing treatments on Glucosinolate have been carried out in recent years. The authors have shown that postharvest processing conditions, for example, temperature, relative humidity, storage under a controlled atmosphere or modified atmosphere packaging, and food processing treatments can significantly affect the contents of Glucosinolate in broccoli. Therefore, this review updates the scientific literature on postharvest and food processing treatments on Glucosinolate in broccoli. In addition, the effect of cooking practice on the content of Glucosinolate is also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77702341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaikang Chen, Yongkun Fu, Yongjun Zheng, Bo Zhao, Yanwei Yuan, Liming Zhou, Xinhai Jin
{"title":"Multi-Feature Recognition of Healthy Vegetable Seedlings Based on Machine Vision Technology","authors":"Kaikang Chen, Yongkun Fu, Yongjun Zheng, Bo Zhao, Yanwei Yuan, Liming Zhou, Xinhai Jin","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.141.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.141.154","url":null,"abstract":": The quality of potted seedlings has an important influence on the yield of vegetables during seedling raising and transplanting. The inconsistency of potted seedlings after transplanting is the main factor causing the decline in vegetable quality and yield. To eliminate or reduce this influence, the health test of potted vegetable seedlings before transplanting is particularly important to ensure crop yield. In this study, an image recognition technology based on machine vision is proposed. It is a multi-feature recognition method for the non-destructive detection of healthy vegetable seedlings. The color of the pot seedling image is enhanced by the industrial control computer system and the self-written image recognition algorithm (hereinafter referred to as the SIXA algorithm). The image segmentation and denoising are realized by the ultra-green threshold segmentation method and 3D Block Matched filtering (BM3D) algorithm. Information about the color and leaf area features of vegetable pot seedlings was collected. The criteria for healthy vegetable pot seedlings are confirmed and analyzed. Among them, the color feature thresholds of healthy vegetable pot seedlings in this study were set as R ≥ 60.7; G ≥ 119.4; B ≥ 1.9, and the leaf area feature thresholds were set as F ≥ 0.15. This is to reduce the limitation of identifying healthy vegetable potted seedlings based on single information and establish a multi-feature identification method for healthy vegetable potted seedlings, aiming to improve the accuracy of identifying healthy vegetable potted seedlings. The experimental verification shows that the overall recognition rate of the experimental platform is as high as 96.67%, which meets the experimental expectations.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87361399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei-wei Zhao, Zhou Jiang, Xia Liu, Jingshu Zhang, Xiongfei Ji, Ning Gan
{"title":"Improving Social Responsibility of Intelligent Engineering under COVID-19","authors":"Wei-wei Zhao, Zhou Jiang, Xia Liu, Jingshu Zhang, Xiongfei Ji, Ning Gan","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.213.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.213.223","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2019, COVID-19 has seriously affected many industries of the economy. It is a major emergency risk event, which has caused a huge impact on all kinds of projects implemented by engineering enterprises. Nowadays, more and more engineering have introduced ecological concepts and achieved remarkable results in the fields of energy conservation, environmental protection, and renewable energy utilization. In the current global situation, how to improve the sustainable development of intelligent engineering has become a new problem. The paper explains the social responsibility connotation of intelligent engineering by using the framework proposed by ISO 26000. It puts forward that the expectations of employees, shareholders, communities, consumers, supply chains, governments, and other stakeholders should be fully taken into account in the whole process of the project. By analyzing the problems of intelligent engineering on social responsibility, it provides some suggestions from the seven core subjects of ISO 26000, such as organizational governance, human rights, labor practices, the environment, fair operating practices, consumer issues, and community involvement and development.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78815823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiation Triggered Phenotypic Changes of Regulatory T Cells","authors":"Lantao Liu, Yangfan Peng, Deqin Zhang, Dong-sheng Niu","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.118.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.118.128","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Dongsheng Niu Department of Radiation Technology, Beijing Institute for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, China Email: bzrp2021@163.com Abstract: Ionizing radiation disrupts the immune balance easily. Regulatory T (Treg) cells directly affect the immune balance after radiation exposure. Meanwhile, the present study is to investigate the survival ability and phenotypic changes of Treg cells induced by Co γ-rays in order to expand the understanding on how Treg cells modulated by radiation. Mice lymphocytes were isolated from thymus and spleen at 1, 4 and 10 days after 2 Gy Co γ-rays irradiation. The proliferation and phenotype of Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Helio Treg cells were calculated and ATP luminescence was measured by ELISA. CD39 from thymus and spleen was measured by flow cytometry. Moreover, miR-31 expression in the thymus and spleen post irradiation was determined by RT-PCR. The apoptosis rate of Treg cells was increased to 13.1% in thymus and 44.2% in the spleen after 2Gy irradiation. The proliferation of Treg cells in thymus decreased from 31.6 to 14.2% post irradiation (t = 3.56, 5.72, P<0.05). The percentage of Helio Treg cells increased and the mean florescence intensity of Helio in Treg cells increased from 5,677.7 to 6,529 in thymus and increased from 3,968.7 to 4,558.7 in spleen. The ratio of CD39 Treg in thymus was significantly increase from 43.2 to 83.8 after 10 days radiation (t = -18.29, P<0.05). ATP released by Treg cells was down-regulated after radiation (0.15 μmol/L, t = 31.98, p<0.05). Furthermore, miR-31 expression in CD4T cells significantly decreased after 2 Gy radiation in the thymus. This study indicating the relationship between radiation induced Treg cell apoptosis and phenotype changes in vivo and provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced immune imbalance. Our study offered a new idea for radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy by target-regulating CD39 and miR-31.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78374831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pang Tao, Lv Lu, Chen Xiaoyan, Ma Jingchen, Liu Xiaozheng
{"title":"Origin Detection of Illicium Verum Hook. f. Based on Sensor Array Optimization","authors":"Pang Tao, Lv Lu, Chen Xiaoyan, Ma Jingchen, Liu Xiaozheng","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Chen Xiaoyan College of Information and Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China Email: chenxy@sicau.edu.cn Abstract: In order to improve the identification ability of electronic nosetostar anise from different areas, this study uses sensor array optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to effectively improve the discrimination and prediction ability of electronic nose. Firstly, the initial sensor arrays are selected according to the aroma components of star anise. On the basis of extracting sensor eigenvalues to form the initial feature matrix, the final sensor arrays are selected by combining variable correlation analysis and coefficient of variation analysis (RSD). Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is applied to the sensor array before and after optimization to increase the group spacing of star anise from different producing areas. Particle swarm Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM) and Genetic Support Vector Machine (GA-SVM) are used to distinguish the producing areas of star anise samples. The accuracy of PSO-SVM training set is 99.16%; that of test set is 93.33%; that of GA-SVM training set is 99.16% and the accuracy of test set is 90%. The results show that PSO-SVM model has high precision and convergence accuracy and it is more feasible to distinguish the origin of star anises.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77576627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Habieb, N. Elhelbawy, K. M. Elzorkany, M. Nooh, Mohammad G. Elhelbawy, Heba F. Khader
{"title":"Evaluation of Mir 29c-3p and Mir 31-5p Serum Values in Predicting Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients","authors":"M. Habieb, N. Elhelbawy, K. M. Elzorkany, M. Nooh, Mohammad G. Elhelbawy, Heba F. Khader","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.68.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.68.77","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding author: Nesreen Gamal Elhelbawy Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom City,Egypt Email: nesrin.elhelbawy@yahoo.com Abstract: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a prime complication of diabetes with various pathological mechanisms. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as an important factor in the pathogenesis of renal disorders. We aimed to analyze serum miR 29c-3p and miR 31-5p in diabetic patients in relation to albuminuria and eGFR. Also, the correlations between these miRNAs and cystatin C were assessed. This study was conducted on 180 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and 60 age and gender matched controls. The patients were divided into three groups: Normoalbuminuric (Group I), microalbuminuric (Group II) and macroalbuminuric (Group III). miRNA expression analysis was assessed via real-time PCR. The diabetic patients showed decreased miR 29c-3p and miR 31-5p serum values and increased cystatin C compared with the controls. miR31-5p had better sensitivity (92.31%), specificity (93.62%) and AUC (0.958) than miR 29c-3p (69.23% sensitivity, 85.11% specificity and AUC = 0.785) in the prediction of an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m in normoalbuminuric patients. Both miR 29c-3p and miR 31-5p could be used as early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for DN in T2DM. In particular, circulating miR 31-5p outperformed the other miRNAs in detecting normoalbuminuric diabetic patients with lower eGFRs.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81263595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bingbing Wang, Xiangjie Lu, Wanlin Gao, Yun Xia, Bangjie Yang
{"title":"Application and Prospect of CO2 Enrichment Technology in Agriculture","authors":"Bingbing Wang, Xiangjie Lu, Wanlin Gao, Yun Xia, Bangjie Yang","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.58.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.58.67","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Wanlin Gao College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China Email: wanlingaocau@163.com Abstract: With the increasing consumption of fossil fuels for human activities, the emissions of greenhouse gases, such as CO2, have significantly increased, resulting in an intensified greenhouse effect. As an important element for plant photosynthesis, CO2 enrichment in an appropriate environment can promote photosynthetic rate, organic matter accumulation and the growth rate of plants. The CO2 enrichment technology should be widely used in agriculture. However, only a few studies have emphasized the role of CO2 enrichment technology and its development in agriculture. In study, four CO2 enrichment technologies were introduced based on the different generation principles of CO2. It can be concluded that the existing CO2 enrichment methods and technologies were benefited from the development of agricultural information technology. Further, the framework of agricultural information technology in CO2 enrichment is proposed. It will provide an innovative idea for mitigating global climate change and help future research on the environmental adaptability of farmland crops.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87355633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Falade, Goodness I. Omolaiye, K. Adewole, O. Agunloye, A. A. Ishola, K. Okaiyeto, G. Oboh, O. Oguntibeju
{"title":"Aqueous Extracts of Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilis) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Inhibit Iron-Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Key-Enzymes Implicated in Alzheimer’s Disease in Rat Brain-in Vitro","authors":"A. Falade, Goodness I. Omolaiye, K. Adewole, O. Agunloye, A. A. Ishola, K. Okaiyeto, G. Oboh, O. Oguntibeju","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.9.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.9.22","url":null,"abstract":"Biotechnology, Computational Biochemistry and Phytomedicine Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Medical Sciences, P. M. B. 536, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria Central Research Laboratories Limited, 132B, University Road, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83900075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pollution Characteristics and Sources Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal in Taoyuan Coal Mine of Suzhou City","authors":"H. Su","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.33.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.33.40","url":null,"abstract":"Email: hmsu2004@163.com Abstract: Soil is one of the most important resources and an important part of ecosystem in the development of human survival. The purposes of this study are to investigate concentration characteristics and sources analysis of heavy metals in Taoyuan coal mine of Suzhou City. 30 soil samples were collected and characterized for metal concentration (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and As), then the heavy metal pollution was evaluated by using pollution load index and geoaccumulation index and the sources of heavy metals were analyzed. The results revealed that the mean concentrations, except Cr, were considerably higher the reference values, especially Cd, Cu Pb and Zn in study area soil, than non-mining soil in Suzhou. The results of the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed the following sequence: Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>As>Cr. At the same time, Cr and As of all samples were not contaminated, Zn and Pb were non-pollution to light pollution, Cd and Cu were light pollution to moderate pollution. The potential ecological ecological risk (Ei) values of Cd had a strong risk pollution and the other five metals belonged to a light ecological risk, the potential ecological risk (RI) mean implied moderate pollution for samples in the study area. The correlation analysis declared that the first principal component is dominated by Cd, Zn and Pb and marked correlation indicate that they should be related to coal mining, smelting processing, weathering, leaching and coal transportation. The second principal component was occupied by Cr, Cu and As, the source of Cu may be affected by Zn and Pb, Cr and As can be regarded as from the soil parent materials. It was believed that the heavy metals in the soil of Taoyuan Coal Mine were polluted to a certain extent and the accumulation of Cd, Zn and Pb were mainly affected by mining activities.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73344059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacterial Diversity Change after Soil Fumigation and its Effect on the Population of Root-Knot Nematode","authors":"Mingjuan Shan, Lihong Liu, Jing Chen, M. Hao, Lingling Zhang, Shuwen Xue, Pushun Duan, Lijin Qin","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.78.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.78.86","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Lijin Qin School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China Email: lij5546@126.com Abstract: In order to explore the effects of soil fumigation on its bacterial diversity and root-knot nematode populations, the greenhouse tomato soil with root-knot nematode disease was fumigated during the summer idle period. This experiment used the high-efficiency organic sulfur soil fumigation treatment \"Wofengkang\"300 kg/hm to fumigate on the greenhouse tomato soil with a root-knot nematode incidence rate of 64.37% and a disease index of 60.18. Soil samples were collected before and after fumigation to determine the index of bacterial diversity and the populations of root knot nematodes. The results showed that a total of 2 kingdoms, 36 phyla, 117 classes, 227 orders, 368 families and 614 genera were detected after soil fumigation and the archaea was significantly reduced by 98.42%. There was no significant difference in all phyla before and after soil fumigation (p>0.05). After soil fumigation, Gammaproteo bacteria containing multiple pathogenic genera significantly decreased by 34.36%; Xanthomonadales, the pathogens of plant fusarium wilt and canker, significantly decreased by 34.21%; Xanthomonidaceae that can infect more than 400 plant varieties significantly decreased by 41.52%; Burkholderia, which is a rhizosphere microorganism for biodegradation, biological control and promotion of plant growth in agriculture, significantly decreased by 89.62%. Generally, the high-efficiency organic sulfur soil fumigant \"Wofengkang\"300 kg/hm in plots with more serious incidence of root-knot nematode disease can significantly reduce the diversity of pathogenic microorganisms and the populations of root-knot nematodes. This can provide new measures for the effective prevention and control of greenhouse root-knot nematodes in the future and has great practical guiding significance.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77941479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}