Aerosol and Air Quality Research最新文献

{"title":"Overview of Aerosol and Air Pollution in South Eastern Asia Countries","authors":"Tsrong-Yi Wen, S. Chantara, J. Jalaludin, Puji Lestari, A. D. Syafei, T. V. Pham, Y. Tsai","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.230055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230055","url":null,"abstract":"This paper consists of several topics on aerosol and air pollution in South Eastern Asia countries, including exposure and health effects of aerosol in Malaysia, characteristics/sources of particulate matter (PM) in Surabaya, Indonesia, size fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chiang Mai, Thailand, and removal of PMs using sodium hydroxyl and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) in Vietnam. Findings in Malaysia indicated that exposure to PM was associated with respiratory symptoms such as phlegm, coughing, wheezing and chest tightness among children in urban areas. Characterization of PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 samples collected in an industrial area in Surabaya, Indonesia showed that the highest levels of individual elements in PM 2.5 were S, Na, Si and K, and in PM 2.5-10 were Si, Ca, Cl, Na, and Mg. The main potential sources of PM 2.5 were diesel vehicle emission, a mixture of Cu industry and biomass combustion, metal industries using Ni, and construction, with contributions of 33%, 24.1%, 11.4%, and 7.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, main sources of PM 2.5-10 were soil dust and port industry, construction, road dust, and sea salt, with contributions of 32%, 28.8%, 14%, and 10%, respectively. In Chiang Mai, the highest PM mass and PAHs concentrations were found in the finest particle sizes (0.65 µ m – 0.43 µ m) in periods of intensive open burning (IOB) and low open burning (LOB), in both urban and rural areas, and the PAHs concentration (5.10 ng m – 3 ) in the fine fraction accounted for 45% to 47% and 32% to 37% during IOB and LOB periods, respectively. The study of particle removal from a charcoal kiln in Vietnam using a water and sodium hydroxyl solution sprayed in a top-down direction with fine droplets showed a removal efficiency of total dust of about 47.5% on average, while an ESP removed PM with high collection efficiency and low-pressure drop.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70297384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Admissions Linked to Air Pollution in a Medium Sized City of the UK: A Case-crossover Study","authors":"Catherine A Fitton, B. Cox, M. Stewart, James Chalmers, J. Belch","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.230062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230062","url":null,"abstract":"This study, from the Tayside Pollution Research Programme (TPRP), aims to investigate the effects of air pollution on respiratory hospital admissions in adults and children < 16 y of age, over a 14-year period, in Dundee, Scotland (population circa 148,270). We conducted a case-crossover study using routinely collected healthcare records from Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland from 2004 to 2017. Respiratory hospitalisation events were linked to daily nitric oxide gases (NO x , NO 2 , NO) extracted from publicly available data over this period. We used distributed lag models to allow for delayed effects of air pollutants up to 14 days. A total of 34,192 hospital admissions for a respiratory condition were included in this study (children = 9,501; adults = 24,691). Respiratory admissions in children were significantly associated with cumulative 14-day exposure to NO x (RR for a 10 µ g m –3 increase in concentration 1.020; 95% confidence interval 1.010–1.031), NO 2 (RR 1.086; 95% CI 1.036–1.139) and NO (RR 1.033; 95% CI 1.016–1.052). Similar estimates were observed for acute respiratory infection categories in children. Effects appeared to be somewhat delayed, with the largest estimates mostly observed around lag 6. No significant association was seen for respiratory admissions in adults. This study shows that both NO and NO 2 are associated with increased respiratory hospital admissions in children < 16 y of age, and that much more should be done to improve and enforce the established legal NO x pollution limits in cities for the sake of our children’s health.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70297504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-paste Bag Performance of Water-repellent Filter Media in High-humidity Environments Considering Ultra-low Emissions","authors":"Zhongkai Yu, Erbao Guo, Xingcheng Liu, Yuemin Li","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.230148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230148","url":null,"abstract":"This study performed surface treatment of Flumex, polyimide, and membrane-covered aramid (chosen as test substrates) by the C8-1833 water-repellent agent. Five key parameters (C8-1833 concentration, impregnation time, rolling residue rate, baking temperature, and baking time) were selected to investigate their effects on the filter media’s water-repellent grade and air permeability variation rate. Through an orthogonal optimization test, the optimal water-repellent process parameters were determined. Air and dust filter media test beds were employed to assess the anti-paste bag performance of water-repellent and membrane-covered filter media under high-humidity conditions. The results indicate that the water-repellent grade of the filter media was unaffected by the baking time during complete drying. At water- repellent agent concentrations of no less than 30 g L-1, impregnation times exceeding 3 s, baking temperatures exceeding 240℃, and rolling residue rates below 46%, both filter materials achieved a water-repellent grade 8. Under optimized processing conditions, the water-repellent grade of the filter media reached 8, and the contact angle was maximized, significantly enhancing the hydrophobicity. Both water-repellent and membrane-covered filter media delayed wet dust adhesion. However, in excessively high humidity of flue gas, sustained filtration performance of the filter media might not be achievable. In bag sticking or rapid condensation situations, the water-repellent filter material should be initially dried using high-temperature flue gas and subsequently restores its filtration performance through thorough dust cleaning.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136258287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face Masks and Prevention of Respiratory Viral Infections: An Overview","authors":"C. Wang","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220343","url":null,"abstract":"Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses consists of three sequential steps: (1) release of respiratory fluids in the form of droplets from the nose and mouth of an infected person, (2) transport of the droplets through air, and (3) entry of the droplets into the nose and mouth of an uninfected individual. Talking, coughing, and sneezing emit droplets across a spectrum of sizes. The water in exhaled droplets begins to evaporate in air and, as a result, the droplets are reduced in size shortly after being emitted. Face masks are effective for capturing droplets just released from the nose and mouth. Studies indicate that more than 50% of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is from asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases. Use of face masks by the public can effectively reduce the chance of infected individuals unknowingly spreading the virus. In addition to being an effective device for source control, face masks can protect the wearers from inhaling virus-laden droplets. Cloth masks and disposable masks provide reasonable protection for the public, while surgical masks and N95 respirators give higher levels of protection as needed in healthcare settings. Made with varied materials, these masks have different structural characteristics. The collection efficiency of a face mask depends on droplet size, face velocity, and the structural characteristics of the mask. For a given mask, capturing droplets is more effective during exhalation than during inhalation. Pressure drop across the mask should be taken into consideration when selecting a face mask. The best face mask is the one that gives the highest collection efficiency with the least pressure drop. For an effective protection, a mask should fit the face properly. While face masks have proven adequate in reducing airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infections, continuous improvement is needed to better prepare for future respiratory viral threats. © The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70294583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Current Status of Atmospheric Micro/Nanoplastics Research: Characterization, Analytical methods, Fate, and Human Health Risk","authors":"H. Kung, Chien-Hsing Wu, N. Cheruiyot, Justus Kavita Mutuku, B. Huang, G. Chang-Chien","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220362","url":null,"abstract":"23 Atmospheric plastic debris (microplastic and nanoplastic) research is","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70294747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoredox-Catalyzed Decomposition of Nitric oxide over Au-Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance ZnSn(OH)6 Microcubes","authors":"Minh-Thuan Pham, T. T. Nguyen, S. You, Ya-Fen Wang","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220355","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is one of the most concerning issues today because of its adverse effects on living organisms and the environment. Therein, nitric oxide (NO) is the leading cause of the greenhouse effect, acid rain, and respiratory diseases. Therefore, discovering a low-cost, environmentally friendly, highly efficient photocatalysis technique to remove NO is necessary and urgent. In this work, the ZnSn(OH) 6 microcubes (cZHS) catalyst was decorated with golden nanoparticles (Au:cZHS) to enhance the photoredox-catalyzed degradation of NO under solar light by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This work demonstrated the contribution of SPR to the photoredox performance of the ZHS. Herein, the photoredox efficiency of the cZHS increased dramatically under the effecting of SPR from the golden nanoparticles, the photoredox efficiency of the Au:cZHS reached 75%, about four times higher than that of cZHS. In addition, the generation of other nitrogen species, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) conversion, and the reusability of the materials are calculated and discussed carefully by theory and experiment. On the other hand, the contribution and lifespan of radicals are also investigated clearly with trapping experiments and time-dependent electron spin resonance (ESR). This study provided the reader with a clear understanding of the SPR effect on the photocatalytic performance of cZHS, which may be necessary for future related studies.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70294757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filtration Performance and Fiber Shedding Behavior in Common Respirator and Face Mask Materials","authors":"Qingfeng Cao, S. Kim, Qisheng Ou, Hoo Young Chung, Weiqi Chen, W. Durfee, Susan L. Arnold, M. Hillmyer, Linsey Griffin, D. Pui","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220387","url":null,"abstract":"Wearing respirators and face masks is effective for protecting the public from COVID-19 infection. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the performance of the commonly used respirators and face masks. Two experimental systems were developed to investigate seven different mask materials, which have a fiber size range from 0.1 µ m (100 nm) to 20 µ m (20,000 nm). One of the systems is a computer-controlled setup for measuring the filtration performance, including size-dependent filtration efficiency and pressure drop, while the other system is for testing the fiber shedding behavior of the materials. The technique of scanning electron microscope (SEM) was applied to observe the dimensions and structures of those materials, which are made of nonwoven-fabrics electret-treated media, cotton woven fabrics, or nanofiber media. The study indicated that the 3M N95 respirator has the best overall filtration performance with over 95% efficiency and low pressure drop of 74.1 Pa. The two commercial cotton face masks have the worst filtration performance in general, with a filtration efficiency of around 25%. No broken fibers from by the seven tested respirator and face mask materials were discovered; however, dendrite structures likely shed by the SHEMA97 face mask with a size comparable to its nanoscale fibers were identified. The reason for this phenomena is presented.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Performance of Low-cost PM Sensors over Multiple COALESCE Network Sites","authors":"Vishal R. Dharaiya, V. Malyan, Vikas Kumar, M. Sahu, C. Venkatraman, P. Biswas, K. Yadav, Deeksha Haswani, R. S. Raman, Ruqia Bhat, Tanveer Ahmad Najar, A. Jehangir, R. Patil, G. Pandithurai, S. Duhan, Jitendra Singh Laura","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220390","url":null,"abstract":"Air quality is a global concern, with particulate matter receiving considerable attention due to its impact on human health and climate change. Recent advances in low-cost sensors allow their deployment in large number to measure spatio-temporal and real-time air quality data. Low-cost sensors need careful evaluation with both regulatory approved methods and other data sets to understand their efficacy. In this work, PM concentrations measured by deploying low-cost sensors at four regional sites are evaluated through comparison with satellite-based model MERRA-2 and the SASS reference instrument. Daily PM2.5 mass concentration variation was analyzed at four regional sites of India from January 2020 to July 2020, including pre-lockdown and six different lockdown periods. Higher PM2.5 concentration was observed at Rohtak (119 mu g m-3) compared to Mahabaleshwar (33 mu g m-3), Bhopal (45 mu g m-3) and Kashmir sites during the pre-lock down period. During the lockdown period, the PM2.5 mass concentration was reduced significantly compared to the pre-lockdown period at every location, although the PM2.5 concentration was different at each location. The air quality trend was quite similar in both the measurements, however, MERRA-2 reconstructed PM2.5 was significantly lower in the pre-lockdown period compared to the lockdown periods. Significant differences were observed between low-cost sensor measurements and MERRA-2 reanalysis data. These are attributed to the MERRA-2 modelling analysis that measures less PM2.5 concentration as compared to ground-based measurements, whereas low-cost sensor are and biases.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Filter Performance Monitoring System","authors":"Chenxing Pei, Weiqi Chen, Qisheng Ou, D. Pui","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220416","url":null,"abstract":"Air filters are widely used in residential and industrial applications. It is designed to remove particulate pollutants in the air to supply cleaner air to either occupants or industrial equipment. Without air filters, the occupants might suffer from polluted air, and expensive industrial equipment could be damaged by contaminants. However, air filters are installed and operated with a limited performance monitoring system","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Tuning Algorithm for the Prediction of Nanoparticle Morphology from Microscopic Images","authors":"Abhishek Singh, T. Thajudeen","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220453","url":null,"abstract":"Aggregated nanoparticle structures are quite ubiquitous in aerosol and colloidal science, specifically in nanoparticle synthesis systems such as combustion processes where coagulation results in the formation of fractal-like structures. In addition to their size, morphology of the particles also plays a key role in defining various physicochemical properties. Electron microscopy based images are the most commonly used tools in visualizing these aggregates, and prediction of the 3-dimensional structures from the microscopic images is quite complex. Typically, 2-dimensional features from the images are compared to available structures in a database or regression equations are used to predict 3-dimensional morphological parameters including fractal dimension and pre-exponential factor. In this study, we propose a combination of evolutionary algorithm and forward tuning model to predict the best fit 3-dimensional structures of aggregates from their projection images. 2-dimensional features from a projection image are compared to the candidate projections generated using FracVAL code and optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization to obtain the 3-dimensional structure of the aggregate. Various 3-dimensional properties including hydrodynamic diameter and mobility diameter of the retrieved structures are then compared with the properties of the aggregate used to form the candidate projection image, to test the suitability of the algorithm. Results show that the hybrid algorithm can closely predict the 3-dimensional structures from the projection images with less than 10% difference in the predicted 3-dimensional properties including mobility diameter and radius of gyration.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}