Journal of the West African College of Surgeons最新文献

{"title":"Tissue Necrosis: A Burden of Pentazocine Abuse in South East Nigeria.","authors":"Uwakwe Cosmas Mba, Godwin Onyebueke, Obinna Remigius Okwesili, Ifeanyi Edwin Enyanwuma, Gabriel Maduwuike Okorie, Samuel Robsam Ohayi, Ifeanyi Chinedu Ugwu, Mark Sunday Ezeme, Wilfred Okwudili Okenwa","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_90_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_90_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tissue necrosis from pentazocine abuse is becoming a burden in our environment. Pentazocine is an opioid of the benzomorphan class. It is commonly used for post-traumatic and postoperative pain and vaso-occlusive pain of sickle cell disease (SCD). Its prolonged use can lead to addiction and may result in severe injection site necrosis, often worsened by infection due to a lack of aseptic principles during administration. Although pentazocine is a controlled drug in our environment, it is readily available.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To review patients with tissue necrosis from pentazocine injection, share the challenges in their management, and proffer solutions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical summaries of patients with tissue necrosis and ulcers due to pentazocine addiction were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five patients, comprising nine females and 16 males aged 22-61 years, were recorded. Twenty had SCD, while five had other underlying conditions. The duration of abuse was 1-16 years, while the average maximum daily dose was 348.75 ± 346.04 mg. Most patients used multiple sites for injection. Lesions included abscesses, tissue necrosis with ulcers, lymphoedema, exposed necrotic bones, and osteomyelitis. Most had multidisciplinary care. The outcome of wound care was good in two. Three had major limb amputations, four died, three signed against medical advice, six were still receiving care while seven were lost to follow-up. None was completely weaned from the drug at the time of this report.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rising cases of tissue necrosis from pentazocine abuse are disturbing. Treatment is frustrating. Concerted efforts at prevention should be made to stem the tide.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile of Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Seen in a Tertiary Eye Clinic.","authors":"Amalachukwu Amanda Chime, Michael Okwudili Chime, Ugochukwu Anthony Eze, Gloria Chizoba Eze, Onochie Ike Okoye","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_208_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_208_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the medication regimen for the management of human immunodeficiency virus. Over time, it has been dubbed to have revolutionised the clinical course and outcomes of HIV/AIDS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to determine the clinical factors associated with the ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS among patients on HAART.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the ophthalmology department of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) in 2017 among adult patients (≥18 years) attending the hospital's antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic and selected using systematic random sampling technique. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis, with variables being summarised using frequencies and proportions. Inferential statistics (<i>t</i> test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test) was used to test associations between variables. A level of significance was set at a <i>P</i> value of less than 0.05 corresponding to a 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A majority of patients were in WHO stages 1 and 2 of HIV and the mean CD4+ cell count of the whole population was 575.0 ± 512.56 cells/µL, while that of those with ocular manifestations was 315.2 ± 290.76 and 633.7 ± 533.54 cells/µL for those who do not have ocular manifestation. There was a significant association between CD4+ cell count and ocular manifestations such as conjunctival microvasculopathy, anterior uveitis, and cytomegalovirus retinitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that HAART has some positive effect on the clinical profile of people with HIV/AIDS with CD4+ count being a major determinant of ocular manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Knowledge of HPV Infection, Cervical Cancer and the Acceptance of HPV Vaccination for their Children in Jos, Nigeria.","authors":"Charles U Anyaka, Babalola-Jacobs Alero, Biodun Olukoya, Esther A Envuladu, Jonah Musa, Atiene S Sagay","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_309_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_309_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer in Nigeria, the utilization of the HPV vaccine as a highly effective preventive measure remains low. The aim of this study was to find out if parental knowledge of HPV infection and cervical cancer influenced the acceptance of HPV vaccines for their 9-14-year-old children.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional survey of 509 parents comprising 262 fathers and 247 mothers in 8 randomly selected communities in Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. A pretested semi-structured investigator-administered questionnaire, without identifiers, was used to collect information on parental knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, HPV vaccine and its acceptance for their 9-14-year-old children. The data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Bivariate analysis was done using chi-square statistical test. Point estimates with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated with a value of <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five hundred and nine parents were interviewed. The mean age of the respondents was 43.7 ± 9.43 years. Most of the participants (86.1%) had formal education from primary to tertiary level. Only 1.60%, 11.60% and 1.62% of respondents had knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccines respectively, whereas 67.8% of parents were willing to pay for the cancer-preventing HPV vaccines out-of-pocket. There was no statistically significant associations between parental level of education (<i>P</i> = 0.056), parental knowledge of cancer of cervix (<i>P</i> = 0.483), religion of parents (<i>P</i> = 0.324) and the acceptance of HPV vaccination for their children. There was a statistically significant association between parental willingness to pay for HPV vaccines if not offered free (<i>P</i> = 0.001) with acceptance of vaccination. Vaccine acceptability was associated with positive attitude towards the vaccine (odds ratio [OR] = 4.178; 95% CI, 1.714-10.180; <i>P</i> = 0.002), whereas parental knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine did not show significant association with acceptability of HPV vaccination for their children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite poor parental knowledge of HPV infection and cervical cancer, there was high acceptability of HPV vaccination for their children. HPV vaccination was acceptable to parents regardless of educational level or religion. Parents in Jos communities seems to have much faith in preventive vaccines as advertised by the health authorities. Accordingly, efforts should be geared towards ensuring availability, affordability and the provision of basic information regarding HPV vaccination in Northern Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal Care Utilisation among Adolescent Mothers in Ngozi Province, Burundi.","authors":"Ladouce Ingrid Iradukunda, Olayinka Oladunjoye Ogunbode, Oyedunni Sola Arulogun","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_93_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_93_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally pregnancy and childbirth complications are the leading cause of death among adolescents, with evidence showing that antenatal care (ANC) is a very effective preventive intervention. In Burundi, there is limited information on the extent to which pregnant adolescents utilise such services.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the ANC utilisation and factors associated with its use among adolescent mothers in Ngozi Province, Burundi.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, health facility-based study among 216 adolescent mothers who had given birth within two years preceding this study, using structured questionnaires and records from previous ANC booklets. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select respondents while the utilisation of ANC was determined by the frequency of ANC visits and the time when the women enrolled for the first ANC visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority (98.1%) of adolescent mothers in Ngozi Province used ANC services. Most respondents (64.8%) initiated ANC services within the first trimester while 57.8% attained the minimum of four recommended ANC visits. Marital status (<i>P</i> = 0.001), geographical location (<i>P</i> = 0.009), occupation of the partner (<i>P</i> = 0.002) and type of the last pregnancy (<i>P</i> = 0.012) were associated with ANC initiation within the first trimester while marital status (<i>P</i> < 0.001), respondent's employment (<i>P</i> = 0.003) and type of last pregnancy (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were associated with appropriate ANC frequency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed a high use of ANC services among adolescent mothers, although more than one-third attended ANC late. There is therefore the need to put more effort into improving early booking for ANC.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibroepithelial Polyp of the Vagina in Pregnancy: A Case Report.","authors":"Benjamin Howe Nongo, Dennis Anthony Isah, Oluwasesan Adelowo Abdul","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_121_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_121_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibroepithelial polyps of the Vagina (FEPV) are mucosal polypoid lesions with a connective tissue core covered by a benign squamous epithelium. They are thought to be rare as only a few cases are reported in the literature. Fibroepithelial stromal polyps are mesenchymal neoplasms that can occur in the vagina, vulva, and even on the cervix. These fibroepithelial stromal polyps have also been reported in rare sites such as breast and labia.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant Fibro-Epithelial Polyp of the Vulva: A Case Report.","authors":"Bilkisu Kankia Lawal, Anisah Yahya, Surayya Yaakub Zubair, Murtala Abubakar, Balarabe Kabir, Adekunle Olarenwaju Oguntayo, Abimbola Omolara Kolawole","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_117_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_117_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibro-epithelial polyps (FEPs), also referred to as acrochordons or skin tags, are benign tumours that generally occur in women of reproductive age. They are uncommonly found in the vulva and vary in clinical appearances from small papillomatous growths to large pedunculated tumours. Typically, they are less than 5 cm. The wide range of morphological appearances of these tumours, especially when they are large, can be misinterpreted as malignant. This case involved a 30-year old multipara, 14-month post-partum who presented with a huge, irregular, firm, pedunculated mass on the right labium majus. The mass had patchy areas of skin ulceration and measured 25 cm × 15 cm × 10 cm on a 4-cm × 2-cm long stalk. It started as a 3-cm long finger-like projection with globular distal end that progressively increased in size over 7-month period. There were no swellings in other body parts. She had excisional biopsy of the mass which weighed 588 grams with histological diagnosis of inflamed FEP and had no recurrence at follow-up. This case illustrates an uncommon presentation of the second largest FEP of the vulva reported, which could be misinterpreted as malignant. Clinical, and pathological expertise with complete surgical excision are paramount for effective management to exclude atypia or malignancy and prevent recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamut of Urological Diseases in a Tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria.","authors":"Ugbede Emmanuel Oyibo, John C Onwukwe","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_109_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_109_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Worldwide, urological disorders vary from one topography to another. An in-depth understanding of their distribution in each region could serve as a basis for the distribution of manpower, equipment's alongside determine policy formulation and training.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study enumerates the annual frequency and distribution of urological disorders at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A cross-sectional retrospective study from November 2021 to November 2022 of all new patients who attended the urology outpatient clinic, emergency department as well as those who had surgical interventions at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The pertinent records were extracted from the patient's electronic medical records (EMR) and entered into a semistructured questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 452 new patients were seen over the study period. There were 428 (94.5%) males and 24 (5.3%) females, with a male-to-female ratio of 17.8:1. The median age was 58 years, with the age range of 2-97 years. Urological emergencies were seen in 13.5% patients. Ninety-eight percent of cases were acquired, whereas 1.8% were of congenital etiology. Overall, the most commonly diagnosed urologic diseases among new patients in order of decreasing frequency were benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) (54.7%), urethral stricture disease (11.0%), upper tract urinary calculi (6.3%), prostate adenocarcinoma (5.9%), and male infertility (4.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BPE, urethral stricture disease, upper tract urinary calculi, prostate adenocarcinoma, and male infertility are common in our environment. An understanding of the urological disease distribution will enhance policy-making and drive manpower needs inspiring core areas of subspecialization with a view at improving the standard of urological care and promoting collaboration with international organizations and funding agencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fascia Closure with Triclosan-Coated Polydioxanone Suture on Surgical Site Infection in Open Appendectomy Wounds: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Adewale A Aderounmu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola O Wuraola, Adewale O Adisa, Oladejo O Lawal","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_25_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_25_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interest in surgical site infections (SSI) has been sustained over the years because its occurrence may be ruinous to the overall success of surgical operations. The use of antimicrobial suture has been associated with a reduction in SSI, but its role in open appendectomy has not been evaluated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study compared the effect of fascia closure with triclosan-coated polydioxanone (PDS) with plain PDS on SSI in appendectomy wounds.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ninety-three consecutive patients who had open appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis were randomised to either have fascia closure with triclosan-coated PDS (TCS) or plain PDS. Post-operative wound infection rates were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SSI occurred in three of the 93 patients (3.2%), two of these occurred in the plain suture group, while one occurred in the TCS group (4.2% vs. 2.2%, <i>P</i> = 0<i>.6</i>). All three SSIs were superficial. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was the predominant organism isolated in the infected wounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of triclosan-coated polydioxanone for fascia closure in open appendectomy did not significantly affect the rate or severity of SSI. Further studies, perhaps evaluating the use of TCS in a different anatomical plane or complicated appendicitis are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence and Management Outcomes of Diverticular Disease in a Tertiary Facility in Ghana.","authors":"Philip Taah-Amoako, Antoinette Afua Asiedua Bediako-Bowan, Jonathan C Balea Dakubo","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_235_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_235_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diverticular disease of the colon, previously believed to be rare among Africans, is now an emerging disease entity in many African countries. The increasing morbidity and varied presentations are associated with this.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence of diverticular disease among patients who underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopies over a 5-year period and evaluate the common presentations, interventions, and treatment outcomes at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Ghana.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent either a colonoscopy or proctosigmoidoscopy between January 2017 and December 2021, at the KBTH. The records of patients admitted for complications of diverticular disease over the same period were also reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4266 patients underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy over the study period. Out of this, 380 were diagnosed with diverticular disease giving a prevalence of 8.91%. This comprised 58.95% male and 41.05% female. Their mean age was 67.02 (standard deviation ± 11.45). The age ranged from 26 to 95 years with a median of 67. Sixty-seven patients with 88 episodes of admission were managed for complications. The average age was 69.26 (SD ± 13.28) and ranged from 40 to 98 years with an interquartile range of 20 years. Complications were predominantly bleeding diverticular disease (94.32%), whereas 5.6% presented with diverticulitis. Ninety percent were managed conservatively, and 10% had surgical intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concludes that the prevalence of diverticular disease among Ghanaians undergoing lower gastrointestinal endoscopy is still low and bleeding is the commonest indication for admission which is mostly managed conservatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern and Management of Missile Injury to the Oral and Maxillofacial Region: A 12-Year Experience During Boko Haram Insurgency in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria.","authors":"Mukhtar Modibbo Ahmad, Ibrahim Kayode Suleiman, Olutayo James, Hector Oladapo Olasoji, Abubakar Kaka Sanda, Ibrahim Muhammad Shehu, Yusha'u Abdullahi Shehu","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_110_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_110_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Missile injury is a global public health problem, which occurs in both military and civilian settings. Boko Haram insurgency in North-Eastern Nigeria is one of the major violence the country experienced that resulted in many civilian casualties. This study was aimed at exploring the various patterns of the missile injuries to the maxillofacial region during Boko Haram insurgency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cross-sectional study, relevant information was retrieved from patient records including sociodemographic, causes of missile injuries, site of injuries, pattern of presentation, treatment, and the complications, and analysed using SPSS version 23.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 526 patients with various maxillofacial injuries were seen during this 12-year study period, with age ranging from 4 to 65 years, the peak incidence in the age group 31-40 years, 89.5% were males, 92.9% of the injuries were allegedly inflicted by insurgents and comprised of 61.0% gunshot injuries, 24.5% bomb blast, and machete cuts 7.4%. Most of the injuries occurred in the lower third of the face, 39.8%, and mandible was the commonest fractured facial bone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Facial injuries commonly are associated with devastating consequences to survivors and, hence, may require long time monitoring and psychosocial rehabilitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}