Journal of psychiatry and brain science最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Social Reward and Corticostriatal Connectivity in Substance Use.","authors":"Daniel Sazhin, Angelique M Frazier, Caleb R Haynes, Camille R Johnston, Iris Ka-Yi Chat, Jeffrey B Dennison, Corinne P Bart, Michael E McCloskey, Jason M Chein, Dominic S Fareri, Lauren B Alloy, Johanna M Jarcho, David V Smith","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20200024","DOIUrl":"10.20900/jpbs.20200024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report describes an ongoing R03 grant that explores the links between trait reward sensitivity, substance use, and neural responses to social and nonsocial reward. Although previous research has shown that trait reward sensitivity and neural responses to reward are linked to substance use, whether this relationship is impacted by how people process social stimuli remains unclear. We are investigating these questions via a neuroimaging study with college-aged participants, using individual difference measures that examine the relation between substance use, social context, and trait reward sensitivity with tasks that measure reward anticipation, strategic behavior, social reward consumption, and the influence of social context on reward processing. We predict that substance use will be tied to distinct patterns of striatal dysfunction. Specifically, reward hyposensitive individuals will exhibit blunted striatal responses to social and non-social reward and enhanced connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex; in contrast, reward hypersensitive individuals will exhibit enhanced striatal responses to social and non-social reward and blunted connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex. We also will examine the relation between self-reported reward sensitivity, substance use, and striatal responses to social reward and social context. We predict that individuals reporting the highest levels of substance use will show exaggerated striatal responses to social reward and social context, independent of self-reported reward sensitivity. Examining corticostriatal responses to reward processing will help characterize the relation between reward sensitivity, social context and substance use while providing a foundation for understanding risk factors and isolating neurocognitive mechanisms that may be targeted to increase the efficacy of interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"5 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9e/d5/nihms-1642497.PMC7673297.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38626439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial Disparities in Pediatric Psychiatric Emergencies: A Health Systems Approach.","authors":"Abhery Das,&nbsp;Parvati Singh,&nbsp;Tim Bruckner","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20200006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20200006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Less than half of African American youth with severe mental disorders receive psychiatric care. When they do receive care, African American youth use the Emergency Department at higher rates than whites. We examine whether rapid expansion of primary mental health care at Community Health Centers reduces Emergency Department visits for psychiatric care especially among African American youth. Through four studies, we examine (1) the impact of mental health service capacity on the disparity of psychiatric care among African American youth; (2) how Community Health Center mental health visits vary with repeat psychiatric emergency visits; (3) the county-level drivers of the expansion of Community Health Centers; and (4) how Community Health Center expansion affects overall psychiatric emergency care. Results indicate that increased continuity of mental health care at Community Health Centers corresponds with a reduction in racial disparities in youth psychiatric ED visits. In addition, an increase in Community Health Center capacity varies inversely with repeated psychiatric Emergency Department visits and inversely with psychiatric Emergency Department visits overall. And finally, results show an increase in Community Health Center mental health services among counties with greater poverty, lower physician availability, and higher percentage of uninsured. Our studies indicate that expansion of federally-funded primary mental health services affects the overall system of emergency psychiatric care. However, this expansion does not appear to dramatically reduce racial/ethnic disparities in psychiatric emergency department visits.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10610032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71415812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grant Report on d-Serine Augmentation of Neuroplasticity-Based Auditory Learning in Schizophrenia ^†.","authors":"Natalie de la Garrigue,&nbsp;Juliana Glasser,&nbsp;Pejman Sehatpour,&nbsp;Dan V Iosifescu,&nbsp;Elisa Dias,&nbsp;Marlene Carlson,&nbsp;Constance Shope,&nbsp;Tarek Sobeih,&nbsp;Tse-Hwei Choo,&nbsp;Melanie M Wall,&nbsp;Lawrence S Kegeles,&nbsp;James Gangwisch,&nbsp;Megan Mayer,&nbsp;Stephanie Brazis,&nbsp;Heloise M De Baun,&nbsp;Stephanie Wolfer,&nbsp;Dalton Bermudez,&nbsp;Molly Arnold,&nbsp;Danielle Rette,&nbsp;Amir M Meftah,&nbsp;Melissa Conant,&nbsp;Jeffrey A Lieberman,&nbsp;Joshua T Kantrowitz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report on the rationale and design of an ongoing NIMH sponsored R61-R33 project in schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. This project studies augmenting the efficacy of auditory neuroplasticity cognitive remediation (AudRem) with d-serine, an <i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) glycine-site agonist. We operationalize improved (smaller) thresholds in pitch (frequency) between successive auditory stimuli after AudRem as improved plasticity, and mismatch negativity (MMN) and auditory θ as measures of functional target engagement of both NMDAR agonism and plasticity. Previous studies showed that AudRem alone produces significant, but small cognitive improvements, while d-serine alone improves symptoms and MMN. However, the strongest results for plasticity outcomes (improved pitch thresholds, auditory MMN and θ) were found when combining d-serine and AudRem. AudRem improvements correlated with reading and other auditory cognitive tasks, suggesting plasticity improvements are predictive of functionally relevant outcomes. While d-serine appears to be efficacious for acute AudRem enhancement, the optimal dose remains an open question, as does the ability of combined d-serine + AudRem to produce sustained improvement. In the ongoing R61, 45 schizophrenia patients will be randomized to receive three placebo-controlled, double-blind d-serine + AudRem sessions across three separate 15 subject dose cohorts (80/100/120 mg/kg). Successful completion of the R61 is defined by ≥moderate effect size changes in target engagement and correlation with function, without safety issues. During the three-year R33, we will assess the sustained effects of d-serine + AudRem. In addition to testing a potentially viable treatment, this project will develop a methodology to assess the efficacy of novel NMDAR modulators, using d-serine as a \"gold-standard\".</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7448686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38318672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress Report on EMBED: A Pragmatic Trial of User-Centered Clinical Decision Support to Implement EMergency Department-Initiated BuprenorphinE for Opioid Use Disorder.","authors":"Edward R Melnick, Bidisha Nath, Osama M Ahmed, Cynthia Brandt, David Chartash, James D Dziura, Erik P Hess, Wesley C Holland, Jason A Hoppe, Molly M Jeffery, Liliya Katsovich, Fangyong Li, Charles C Lu, Kaitlin Maciejewski, Matthew Maleska, Jodi A Mao, Shara Martel, Sean Michael, Hyung Paek, Mehul D Patel, Timothy F Platts-Mills, Haseena Rajeevan, Jessica M Ray, Rachel M Skains, William E Soares, Ashley Deutsch, Yauheni Solad, Gail D'Onofrio","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20200003","DOIUrl":"10.20900/jpbs.20200003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Buprenorphine (BUP) can safely and effectively reduce craving, overdose, and mortality rates in people with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, adoption of ED-initiation of BUP has been slow partly due to physician perception this practice is too complex and disruptive. We report progress of the ongoing EMBED (<i>EMergency department-initiated BuprenorphinE for opioid use Disorder)</i> project. This project is a five-year collaboration across five healthcare systems with the goal to develop, integrate, study, and disseminate user-centered Clinical Decision Support (CDS) to promote the adoption of Emergency Department (ED)-initiation of buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP) into routine emergency care. Soon to enter its third year, the project has already completed multiple milestones to achieve its goals including (1) user-centered design of the CDS prototype, (2) integration of the CDS into an automated electronic health record (EHR) workflow, (3) data coordination including derivation and validation of an EHR-based computable phenotype, (4) meeting all ethical and regulatory requirements to achieve a waiver of informed consent, (5) pilot testing of the intervention at a single site, and (6) launching a parallel group-randomized 18-month pragmatic trial in 20 EDs across 5 healthcare systems. Pilot testing of the intervention in a single ED was associated with increased rates of ED-initiated BUP and naloxone prescribing and a doubling of the number of unique physicians adopting the practice. The ongoing multi-center pragmatic trial will assess the intervention's effectiveness, scalability, and generalizability with a goal to shift the emergency care paradigm for OUD towards early identification and treatment.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov # NCT03658642.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"5 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7164817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37850636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigation Services to Avoid Rehospitalization among Medical/Surgical Patients with Comorbid Substance Use Disorder: Rationale and Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Courtney D Nordeck,&nbsp;Christopher Welsh,&nbsp;Robert P Schwartz,&nbsp;Shannon G Mitchell,&nbsp;Kevin E O'Grady,&nbsp;Laura Dunlap,&nbsp;Gary Zarkin,&nbsp;Stephen Orme,&nbsp;Jan Gryczynski","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20200013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20200013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and contribute to inefficient use of healthcare services. Hospitalized medical/surgical patients with comorbid SUD are at elevated risk of hospital readmission and poor outcomes. Thus, effective interventions are needed to help such patients during hospitalization and post-discharge. This article reports the rationale, methodological design, and progress to date on a randomized trial comparing the effectiveness of Navigation Services to Avoid Rehospitalization (NavSTAR) vs Treatmentas-Usual (TAU) for hospital medical/surgical patients with comorbid SUD (<i>N</i> = 400). Applying Andersen's theoretical model of health service utilization, NavSTAR employed Patient Navigation and motivational interventions to promote entry into SUD treatment, facilitate adherence to recommendations for medical follow-up and self-care, address basic needs, and prevent the recurrent use of hospital services. As part of the NavSTAR service model, Patient Navigators embedded within the SUD consultation service at a large urban hospital delivered patient-centered, proactive navigation and motivational services initiated during the hospital stay and continued for up to 3 months post-discharge. Participants randomized to TAU received usual care from the hospital and the SUD consultation service, which included referral to SUD treatment but no continued contact post-hospital discharge. Hospital service utilization will be determined via review of electronic health records and the regional Health Information Exchange. Participants were assessed at baseline and again at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up on various measures of healthcare utilization, substance use, and functioning. The primary outcome of interest is time-to-rehospitalization through 12 months. In addition, a range of secondary outcomes spanning the medical and SUD service areas will be assessed. The study will include a health economic evaluation of NavSTAR. If NavSTAR proves to be effective and cost-effective in this high-risk patient group, it would have important implications for addressing the needs of hospital patients with comorbid SUD, designing hospital discharge planning services, informing cost containment initiatives, and improving public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9491361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33478440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptual Mechanisms of Visual Hallucinations and Illusions in Psychosis.","authors":"Samuel D Klein, Cheryl A Olman, Scott R Sponheim","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20200020","DOIUrl":"10.20900/jpbs.20200020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychosis has been associated with neural anomalies across a number of brain regions and cortical networks. Nevertheless, the exact pathophysiology of the disorder remains unclear. Aberrant visual perceptions such as hallucinations are evident in psychosis, while the occurrence of visual distortions is elevated in individuals with genetic liability for psychosis. The overall goals of this project are to: (1) use psychophysical tasks and neuroimaging to characterize deficits in visual perception; (2) acquire a mechanistic understanding of these deficits through development and validation of a computational model; and (3) determine if said mechanisms mark genetic liability for psychosis. Visual tasks tapping both low- and high-level visual processing are being completed as individuals with psychotic disorders (IPD), first-degree biological siblings of IPDs (SibIPDs) and healthy controls (HCs) undergo 248-channel magneto-encephalography (MEG) recordings followed by 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By deriving cortical source signals from MEG and MRI data, we will characterize the timing, location and coordination of neural processes. We hypothesize that IPDs prone to visual hallucinations will exhibit deviant functions within early visual cortex, and that aberrant contextual influences on visual perception will involve higher-level visual cortical regions and be associated with visual hallucinations. SibIPDs who experience visual distortions-but not hallucinations-are hypothesized to exhibit deficits in higher-order visual processing reflected in abnormal inter-regional neural synchronization. We hope the results lead to the development of targeted interventions for psychotic disorders, as well as identify useful biomarkers for aberrant neural functions that give rise to psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"5 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7494209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38492355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile Peer-Support for Opioid Use Disorders: Refinement of an Innovative Machine Learning Tool.","authors":"Caroline R Scherzer,&nbsp;Megan L Ranney,&nbsp;Shrenik Jain,&nbsp;Satya Prateek Bommaraju,&nbsp;John Patena,&nbsp;Kirsten Langdon,&nbsp;Evelyn Nimaja,&nbsp;Ernestine Jennings,&nbsp;Francesca L Beaudoin","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20200001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20200001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The majority of individuals with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) do not receive any formal substance use treatment. Due to limited engagement and access to traditional treatment, there is increasing evidence that patients with OUDs turn to online social platforms to access peer support and obtain health-related information about addiction and recovery. Interacting with peers before and during recovery is a key component of many evidence-based addiction recovery programs, and may improve self-efficacy and treatment engagement as well as reduce relapse. Commonly-used online social platforms are limited in utility and scalability as an adjunct to addiction treatment; lack effective content moderation (e.g., misinformed advice, maliciousness or \"trolling\"); and lack common security and ethical safeguards inherent to clinical care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This present study will develop a novel, artificial-intelligence (AI) enabled, mobile treatment delivery method that fulfills the need for a robust, secure, technology-based peer support platform to support patients with OUD. Forty adults receiving outpatient buprenorphine treatment for OUD will be asked to pilot a smartphone-based mobile peer support application, the \"Marigold App\", for a duration of six weeks. The program will use (1) a prospective cohort study to obtain text message content and feasibility metrics, and (2) qualitative interviews to evaluate usability and acceptability of the mobile platform.</p><p><strong>Anticipated findings and future directions: </strong>The Marigold mobile platform will allow patients to access a tailored chat support group 24/7 as a complement to different forms of clinical OUD treatment. Marigold can keep groups safe and constructive by augmenting chats with AI tools capable of understanding the emotional sentiment in messages, automatically \"flagging\" critical or clinically relevant content. This project will demonstrate the robustness of these AI tools by adapting them to catch OUD-specific \"flags\" in peer messages while also examining the adoptability of the platform itself within OUD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7059630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37718371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic Effects of Polygenic Risk for Schizophrenia: What Have We Learned So Far?","authors":"U. Heilbronner","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20190019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20190019","url":null,"abstract":"The results of large genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia (SZ) can be used to calculate an individual’s polygenic risk for SZ (e.g., [1]). This polygenic risk score (PRS) is a weighted sum of SZ risk alleles, and thus holds promise to be used in clinical care someday, e.g., in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders (e.g., [2]). It can be used to uncover other phenotypes, such as behavioral traits or disorders, that are influenced by SZ-PRS, and this issue of the Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science aims to summarize some of the knowledge that has emerged to this regard. Three reviews and two original research articles are contained in this Virtual Special Issue. Schaupp, Schulze and Budde [3] provide an excellent summary of studies researching the associations of SZ-PRS and cognition. Their finding of inconsistent results, both in patients and the general population, albeit characteristic for a developing field, points to a need for larger sample sizes when studying the genetics of cognition, and highlights further methodological problems. Adorjan and Papiol [4] review the relationship of cannabis consumption, SZ, and the SZ-PRS, and discuss accumulating evidence that a high polygenic risk for SZ may be predisposing individuals to cannabis abuse. Thus, consumption of cannabis may not only be understood as an environmental risk factor for SZ, but also as a type of gene-environment correlation/interaction. The last review article of Bengesser and Reininghaus [5] highlights the interesting finding that the SZ-PRS may be used to delineate bipolar disorder patients that respond to lithium from those who do not [6], and can be understood to emphasize the need for biologically-based diagnosis of mental disorders. The original research article of Yasmeen, Papiol, Falkai, Schulze, & Bickeböller [7] researches effects of SZ-PRS in correlated target phenotypes, using both in-silico and empirical data of the PsyCourse study [8]. Results of empirical analyses show that the addition of SZ-PRS to statistical models explaining psychosocial functioning (the Global Assessment of Functioning score) improves model fit, which is further increased when current symptom status is additionally taken into account. Finally, the neuroimaging study of Eberle et al. [9] demonstrates that polygenic scores for SZ can be used to gain a more fundamental understanding of gene-environment interactions. In this study, the authors researched connectivity of the nucleus accumbens, a major component of the brain’s reward circuitry. In healthy individuals, polygenic risk for SZ was associated with a shift towards SZ-like Open Access","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45174911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Risk of Psychosis in Relation to Cannabis Use: Findings from Polygenic Risk Score Approaches","authors":"K. Adorjan, S. Papiol","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20190018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20190018","url":null,"abstract":"A psychotic disorder is a multifactorial phenomenon in which not only environmental influences but also genetic factors play an important role. Evidence indicates that psychotic disorders are characterized by a complex mode of inheritance with high polygenicity, in which a large number of common genetic variants with small effects are relevant. One way to measure this polygenic risk is the calculation of polygenic risk scores (PRS). These reflect the complex multifactorial interaction of coding and regulatory DNA variants in the development of mental illness. It is known that the use of cannabis in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) is much higher than in the general population. Although an exact clinical prognosis based on PRS is not possible at the present, the results found by PRS investigations so far are quite promising. Initial results suggest that people with SCZ and an increased polygenic risk of schizophrenia are more likely to use cannabis. According to these results, the connection between mental illnesses and cannabis use could therefore not simply be seen as an environmental risk, but rather explained as a gene-environment correlation.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47064092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Historical Perspective on Psychiatric Genetics, the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics and the Role of Elliot Gershon","authors":"L. DeLisi","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20190015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20190015","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatric Genetics is a relatively new field that was defined by groups of researchers interested in the familial aggregation of psychiatric disorders, and spurred on by the escalating new field of molecular genetics beginning in the 1980s. This manuscript contributes to a special issue honoring the career of Elliot S. Gershon, a true pioneer and critical thinker, who contributed substantially to the development of this field and also its stimulating meetings that brought colleagues together to discuss the latest research findings. It details the role Dr. Gershon played in establishing the precursor of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (ISPG) and how he remains in a leadership role on its Board of Directors and was honored with one of the ISPG Lifetime Achievement Awards.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67610439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}