Journal of psychiatry and brain science最新文献

{"title":"Children and Adolescents' Psychological Well-Being Became Worse in Heavily Hit Chinese Provinces during the COVID-19 Epidemic.","authors":"Jing Ma, Jun Ding, Jiawen Hu, Kai Wang, Shuaijun Xiao, Ting Luo, Shuxiang Yu, Chuntao Liu, Yunxuan Xu, Yingxian Liu, Changhong Wang, Suqin Guo, Xiaohua Yang, Haidong Song, Yaoguo Geng, Yu Jin, Huayun Chen, Chunyu Liu","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20210020","DOIUrl":"10.20900/jpbs.20210020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In light of the novel coronavirus's (COVID-19's) threat to public health worldwide, we sought to elucidate COVID-19's impacts on the mental health of children and adolescents in China. Through online self-report questionnaires, we aimed to discover the psychological effects of the pandemic and its associated risk factors for developing mental health symptoms in young people. We disseminated a mental health survey through online social media, WeChat, and QQ in the five Chinese provinces with the most confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the late stage of the country-wide lockdown. We used a self-made questionnaire that queried children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 on demographic information, psychological status, and other lifestyle and COVID-related variables. A total of 17,740 children and adolescents with valid survey data participated in the study. 10,022 (56.5%), 11,611 (65.5%), 10,697 (60.3%), 6868 (38.7%), and 6225 (35.1%) participants presented, respectively, more depressive, anxious, compulsive, inattentive, and sleep-related problems compared to before the outbreak of COVID-19. High school students reported a greater change in depression and anxiety than did middle school and primary school students. Despite the fact that very few children (0.1%) or their family members (0.1%) contracted the virus in this study, the psychological impact of the pandemic was clearly profound. Fathers' anxiety appeared to have the strongest influence on a children's psychological symptoms, explaining about 33% of variation in the child's overall symptoms. Other factors only explained less than 2% of the variance in symptoms once parents' anxiety was accounted for. The spread of COVID-19 significantly influenced the psychological state of children and adolescents in participants' view. It is clear that children and adolescents, particularly older adolescents, need mental health support during the pandemic. The risk factors we uncovered suggest that reducing fathers' anxiety is particularly critical to addressing young people's mental health disorders in this time.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8653505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10100126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Syndemics and Multimorbidity in Patients with Heart Failure ^†.","authors":"Kenneth E Freedland, Judith A Skala, Robert M Carney, Brian C Steinmeyer, Michael W Rich","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20210006","DOIUrl":"10.20900/jpbs.20210006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) is a common cause of hospitalization and mortality in older adults. HF is almost always embedded within a larger pattern of multimorbidity, yet many studies exclude patients with complex psychiatric and medical comorbidities or cognitive impairment. This has left significant gaps in research on the problems and treatment of patients with HF. In addition, HF is only one of multiple challenges facing patients with multimorbidity, stressful socioeconomic circumstances, and psychosocial problems. The purpose of this study is to identify combinations of comorbidities and health disparities that may affect HF outcomes and require different mixtures of medical, psychological, and social services to address. The syndemics framework has yielded important insights into other disorders such as HIV/AIDS, but it has not been applied to the complex psychosocial problems of patients with HF. The <i>multimorbidity</i> framework is an alternative approach for investigating the effects of multiple comorbidities on health outcomes. The specific aims are: (1) to determine the coprevalence of psychiatric and medical comorbidities in patients with HF (<i>n</i> = 535); (2) to determine whether coprevalent comorbidities have synergistic effects on readmissions, mortality, self-care, and global health; (3) to identify vulnerable subpopulations of patients with HF who have high coprevalences of syndemic comorbidities; (4) to determine the extent to which syndemic comorbidities explain adverse HF outcomes in vulnerable subgroups of patients with HF; and (5) to determine the effects of multimorbidity on readmissions, mortality, self-care, and global health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8096199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38954570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Disrupted Circadian Rhythms on Pain.","authors":"Jacob R Bumgarner, Randy J Nelson","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20210014","DOIUrl":"10.20900/jpbs.20210014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain is regulated by circadian rhythms. Daily fluctuations in pain thresholds are observed in health and disease. Disruptions to the circadian and pain systems may initiate a detrimental feedback loop between the two systems. The relationship between the pain and circadian systems is briefly reviewed to highlight a perspective on the need to consider disrupted circadian rhythms in the treatment of pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11423940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41777561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Network Pharmacology: Targeting Glutamate Systems as Integrative Treatments for Jump-Starting Neural Networks and Recovery Trajectories.","authors":"R Andrew Chambers,&nbsp;Christopher Toombs","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20210008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20210008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Significant advances in pharmacological treatments for mental illness and addiction will require abandoning old monoaminergic theories of psychiatric disorders and traditionally narrow approaches to how we conduct treatment research. Reframing our efforts with a view on integrative treatments that target core neural network function and plasticity may provide new approaches for lifting patients out of chronic psychiatric symptom sets and addiction. For example, we discuss new treatments that target brain glutamate systems at key transition points within longitudinal courses of care that integrate several treatment modalities. A reconsideration of what our novel and already available medications are intended to achieve and how and when we deliver them for patients with complex illness trajectories could be the key to unlocking new advances in general and addiction psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8452258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39437432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Mendelian Genes in Psychiatry?","authors":"J. Pardo","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20210019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20210019","url":null,"abstract":"To date, no gene following Mendelian inheritance (e.g., monogenic variant) has been discovered for any common psychiatric disorder. This unfortunate circumstance has delayed meaningful inroads into the pathophysiology of psychiatric disease that has otherwise enabled advances into so many other fields of medicine. New methods and approaches can now find these putative genes offering the same potential for foundational impact on psychiatry as has occurred in diverse fields such as metabolism, hematology, and cancer. If unsuccessful, a significant impediment in progress toward mitigating the suffering from mental illness will result.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67610545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Neural Markers of Peer Dysfunction in Girls with ADHD.","authors":"Dara E Babinski,&nbsp;Autumn Kujawa","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20210022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20210022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Very little research has prioritized girls with ADHD, despite accumulating evidence showing that girls with ADHD experience broader and more severe peer dysfunction relative to boys with ADHD. Attention to identifying the neural mechanisms underlying the peer difficulties of girls with ADHD is critical in order to develop targeted intervention strategies to improve peer functioning. New efforts to address the peer dysfunction of girls with ADHD are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"6 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8797169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10686425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Reflections on the Therapeutic Effects of Mindfulness-Based Therapies in Adults with Autism and Suggestions for Future Research.","authors":"Broc A Pagni,&nbsp;B Blair Braden","doi":"10.20900/jpbs20210013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs20210013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging research suggests mindfulness-based therapies positively impact adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, questions concerning intervention active ingredients, the breadth and duration of impact, and psychological and neural mechanisms of change remain. Here we discuss what is known about mindfulness-based therapies in adults with ASD and offer suggestions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8362926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39314378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological and Environmental Factors Affecting Risk and Resilience among Syrian Refugee Children.","authors":"Arash Javanbakht,&nbsp;Anaïs Stenson,&nbsp;Nicole Nugent,&nbsp;Alicia Smith,&nbsp;David Rosenberg,&nbsp;Tanja Jovanovic","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20210003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20210003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 21 million people globally are refugees. More than half of these (>10 million) are children, representing a highly vulnerable population. Most children experience high levels of trauma exposure, including war trauma, as well as substantial migration- and resettlement-related stress. These exposures confer risk for mental health problems, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but their relative contributions have not been fully explicated. These effects may be modulated by the developmental timing of trauma and stress exposure: childhood trauma and stress are broadly linked to worse health outcomes across the lifespan, but the developmental specificity of these effects remains uncertain. Refugee children typically experience the trauma leading up to displacement (e.g., civil war) which often lasts for decades, and for some, followed by resettlement. Longitudinal studies that follow children through this process can provide unique insight into how these experiences of trauma, displacement, and resettlement during development impact mechanisms of risk and resilience. They can also elucidate how environmental and physiological factors may modulate the effects of trauma and stress. The present study includes two groups of families (parents and their 7- to 17-year-old children): (1) Syrian and Iraqi refugee families who experienced war-zone trauma before resettling in the United States in ~2016, and (2) Arab immigrant families who did not experience war-zone trauma prior to resettlement in the United States in ~2016. We assessed symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD in refugee and immigrant children and parents. Skin conductance responses, a measure of autonomic response, saliva samples for genetic and epigenetic analyses, and information about social and environmental context, including family structure, resources, and neighborhood quality, were also collected. Refugee participants provided data at three time points spanning ~3 years following resettlement in the United States: Wave 1, within 1 month of resettlement, Wave 2, 12-24 months post resettlement, and Wave 3 planned for 24-36 months resettlement. Immigrant participants will provide data once, within 3-5 years after immigration, matching the age of Wave 1. This comparison group enables us to compare mental health and biomarkers between refugees and immigrants. Results of these comparative analyses will provide insight into the impact of war trauma versus other types of trauma and adversity on biomarkers of child mental health outcomes. Results from the longitudinal analyses will address refugee mental health trajectories over time, and, in children, across development. Initial data from Wave 1 showed high levels of anxiety in refugee children, as well as high levels of PTSD symptoms and anxiety in their parents. Together, results from these comparative and longitudinal analyses will provide insight into multiple aspects of trauma and stress exposure in refugees an","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8009534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25537614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Health Disparities: A Promising Target for Preventing Suicide in Black Youth?","authors":"T. Goldstein, C. Jonassaint, A. Williamson, P. Franzen","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20210021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20210021","url":null,"abstract":"Youth suicide is an urgent public health concern, particularly for Black youth, among whom suicide attempts and death have increased faster than any other racial or ethnic group. Ideal foci for suicide prevention interventions are risk factors that are malleable, dynamic, and proximal. Studies consistently identify poor sleep health as a risk factor for suicidal thoughts, attempts, and death. Herein, we assert that sleep health may therefore be a promising target for youth in general, and given racial disparities in sleep health, for Black youth in particular. Although efficacious sleep and circadian-focused interventions exist, data suggest poorer treatment response among racially and ethnically minoritized youth, possibly due to inadequate consideration of sleep health barriers specific to Black youth. The application of health-equity informed implementation science methods is needed to establish the feasibility and acceptability of a sleep intervention for Black youth at-risk for suicide. Such an approach may hold significant potential to improve sleep, ameliorate distress, and reduce suicide risk, while also enhancing access and uptake among Black youth.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67610593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computerized Assessment of Psychosis Risk.","authors":"Vijay A Mittal, Lauren M Ellman, Gregory P Strauss, Elaine F Walker, Philip R Corlett, Jason Schiffman, Scott W Woods, Albert R Powers, Steven M Silverstein, James A Waltz, Richard Zinbarg, Shuo Chen, Trevor Williams, Joshua Kenney, James M Gold","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20210011","DOIUrl":"10.20900/jpbs.20210011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection and intervention with young people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis is critical for prevention efforts focused on altering the trajectory of psychosis. Early CHR research largely focused on validating clinical interviews for detecting at-risk individuals; however, this approach has limitations related to: (1) specificity (i.e., only 20% of CHR individuals convert to psychosis) and (2) the expertise and training needed to administer these interviews is limited. The purpose of our study is to develop the computerized assessment of psychosis risk (CAPR) battery, consisting of behavioral tasks that require minimal training to administer, can be administered online, and are tied to the neurobiological systems and computational mechanisms implicated in psychosis. The aims of our study are as follows: (1A) to develop a psychosis-risk calculator through the application of machine learning (ML) methods to the measures from the CAPR battery, (1B) evaluate group differences on the risk calculator score and test the hypothesis that the risk calculator score of the CHR group will differ from help-seeking and healthy controls, (1C) evaluate how baseline CAPR battery performance relates to symptomatic outcome two years later (i.e., conversion and symptomatic worsening). These aims will be explored in 500 CHR participants, 500 help-seeking individuals, and 500 healthy controls across the study sites. This project will provide a next-generation CHR battery, tied to illness mechanisms and powered by cutting-edge computational methods that can be used to facilitate the earliest possible detection of psychosis risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8302046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39220696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}